The Application of Tai Chi Chuan in Rehabilitation and Preventive Care of the Geriatric Population

References

• Alexander N. Postural control in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1994; 42: 93–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argo C. Water Tai Chi. American Fitness 1998; 16(4)52–53
   Google Scholar
• Baer K. A movement towards t'ai chi. Harvard Health Letter 1997; 22(9)6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Therapeutic exercise, J. Basmajian. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1984
   Google Scholar
• Berg R. Cerebral fitness. Working Woman 1995; 20(2)60
   Google Scholar
• Birkel D. Activities for the older adult: Integration of the body and the mind. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 1998; 69(9)23–28
   Google Scholar
• Brown D., Mucci W., Hetzler R., Knowlton R. Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses during formalized Tai Chi Chuan exercise. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 1989; 60(3)246–250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerrato P. Tai chi: A martial art turns therapeutic. RN 1999; 62(2)59
   Google Scholar
• Chen K., Snyder M. A research-based use of Tai Chi/movement therapy as a nursing intervention. Journal of Holistic Nursing 1999; 17(3)267–279
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheng J. Tai Chi Chuan: A slow dance for health. The Physician and Sports Medicine 1999; 27(6)9
   Google Scholar
• Cheng M., Smith R. T'ai-Chi: The “supreme ultimate” Exercise for health, sport, and self-defense. Tuttle, Vermont 1987
   Google Scholar
• Chia S., Goh E. Tai Chi ten minutes to health. CRCS Publications, Sebastopol, CA 1986
   Google Scholar
• Chinese Sports Editorial Board. Simplified Taijiquan. Foreign Languages Printing House, BejingChina 1986
   Google Scholar
• Daley M., Spinks W. Exercise, mobility and aging. Sports Medicine 2000; 1: 1–12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downing J., Yan J. The effects of Tai Chi and traditional locomotor exercises on senior citizens' motor control. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 1998; 69(9)9
   Google Scholar
• Duncan P., Weiner D., Chandler J., Studenski S. Functional reach: A new measure of clinical balance. Journal of Gerontology 1999; 45: 192–197
   Google Scholar
• Forge R. Mind-body fitness: Encouraging prospects for primary and secondary prevention. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 1997; 11(3)53–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forsythe T. Using T'ai Chi to prevent falls in senior citizens. Journal of Traditional Eastern Health and Fitness 1996; 6(1)30–35
   Google Scholar
• Gehlsen G., Whaley M. Falls in the elderly: Part I, gait; S in the elderly: Part II, balance, strength, and flexibility. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1990; 71: 735–741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman G. Aerobic activity versus T'ai Chi: Effects on blood pressure. American Family Physician 1999; 60(3)980
   Google Scholar
• Jin P. Changes in heart rate, noradrenaline, cortisol and mood during Tai Chi. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1989; 33(2)197–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin P. Efficacy of Tai Chi, brisk walking, meditation, and reading in reducing mental and emotional stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1992; 36(4)361–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessenich C. Tai Chi as a method of fall prevention in the elderly. Orthopedic Nursing 1998; 17(4)27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirsteins A., Dietz F., Hwang S. Evaluating the safety and potential use of a weight bearing exercise, tai chi chuan, for rheumatoid arthritis patients. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1991; 70(3)136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh T. Tai Chi Chuan. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 1981; 9: 15–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutner N., Barnhart H., Wolf S., McNeely E., Xu T. Self-report benefits of Tai Chi practice by older adults. Journal of Gerontology 1997; 52(5)242–246
   Google Scholar
• Lan C., Chen S., Lai J., Wong M. The effect of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory function in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. Medicine Science Sports Exercise 1999; 31(5)634–638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan C., Lai J., Wong M., Yu M. Cardiorespiratory function, flexibility, and body composition among geriatric Tai Chi Chuan practitioners. Archive of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 77(6)612–616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levandoski L., Leyshon G. Tai Chi exercise and the elderly. Clinical Kinesiology 1990; 44(2)39–42
   Google Scholar
• Liao W. T'ai Chi classics. Shambala, Boston 1990
   Google Scholar
• Lumsden D., Baccala A., Martire J. Tai Chi for osteoarthritis: An introduction for primary care physicians. Geriatrics 1998; 53(2)84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor W., Lane J. Benefits of Tai Chi in Osteoporosis. American Journal of Medicine & Sports 1999; 1(5)255–259
   Google Scholar
• Ostrow A., Dzewaltowski D. Older adults perceptions of physical activity participation based on age-role and sex-role appropriateness. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 1986; 57: 167–169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrow A., Jones D., Spiker D. Age role expectations and sex role expectations for selected sports activities. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 1981; 52: 216–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappaport J. Muscle and meditation: The ancient art of Tai Chi builds strength-and serenity-in a few minutes a day. Natural Health 1999; 27(2)106
   Google Scholar
• Tinetti M., Speechley M., Ginter S. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. New England Journal of Medicine 1988; 319: 1701–1707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai C., Chen J. Physiological responses to Tai Chi Chuan exercise in middle-aged and elderly males. Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National College of Physical Education and Sports, TaoyuanTaiwan 1996
   Google Scholar
• Tse S., Bailey D. Tai Chi and postural control in the well elderly. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1992; 46: 295–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm R., Baynes C. The I Ching or Book of Changes. Bollingen Series XIX, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1967
   Google Scholar
• Wolf S., Barnhart H., Ellison G., the Atlanta FICSIT Group. The effects of Tai Chi Quan and computerized balance training on postural stability in older subjects. Physical Therapy 1997; 4: 385–394
   Google Scholar
• Wolf S., Barnhart H., Kutner N., McNeely E., Coogler C., Xu T. Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: An investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1996; 44(5)489–497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf S., Coogler C., Xu T. Exploring the basis for Tai Chi Chuan as a therapeutic exercise approach. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997; 78: 886–892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfson L., Wipple R., Derby C., Judge J., King M., Amerman P., Schmidt J., Smyers D. Balance and strength training in older adults: Intervention gains and Tai Chi maintenance. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1996; 44(5)498–506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan J. The health and fitness benefits of tai chi. The Journal of Physical Education and Dance 1995; 66(9)61
   Google Scholar
• Yan J. Tai Chi practice improves senior citizens' balance and arm movement control. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 1998; 6: 271–284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young D., Appel L., Jee S., Miller E., III. The effects of aerobic exercise and T'ai Chi on blood pressure in older people: Results of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1999; 47(3)277–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar