References
- Elving LB, Foldspang A, Lam GW. Descriptive epidemiology of urinary incontinence in 3,100 women age 30–59. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1989; 125: 37–43.
- Brown JS, Grady D, Ouslander JG. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 94: 66–70.
- Buchsbaum GM, Chin M, Glantz C. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in a cohort of nuns. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100: 226–9.
- Bump RC, McClish DM. Cigarette smoking and pure genuine stress incontinence of urine: a comparison of risk factors and determinants between smokers and nonsmokers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 579–82.
- Petros P, Ulmsten U. An integral theory of female urinary incontinence. Experimental and clinical considerations. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1990; 69: 7–31.
- Falconer C, Ekman G, Malmstrom A. Decreased collagen synthesis in stress-incontinent women. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 583–6.
- Ulmsten U. Some reflections and hypotheses on the pathophysiology of female urinary incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1997; 166: 3–8.
- Liapis A, Bakas P, Pafiti A. Changes of collagen type III in female patients with genuine stress incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 97: 76–9.
- Visco AG, Yamauchi M. Collagen cross-linking in patients with urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 509–10.
- Falconer C, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Blomgren B, Johansson O, Ulmsten U, Malmstrom A et al. Paraurethral connective tissue in stress-incontinent women after menopause. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: 95–100.
- Ulmsten U, Falconer C. Connective tissue in female urinary incontinence. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1999; 11: 509–15.
- Mushkat Y, Bukovsky I, Langer R. Female urinary stress incontinence – does it have familial prevalence? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 617–19.
- Elia G, Bergman J, Dye TD. Familial incidence of urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 53–5.
- Jackson S, Donovan J, Brookes S, Eckford S, Swithinbank L, Abrams P. The Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire: development and psychometric testing. Br J Urol 1996; 77: 805–12.
- Harvey MA, Versi E. Predictive value of clinical evaluation of stress urinary incontinence: a summary of the published literature. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2001; 12: 31–7.
- Graham CW, Dmochowski RR. Questionnaires for women with urinary symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn 2002; 21: 473–81.
- Schafer W, Abrams P, Liao L, Mattiasson A, Pesce F, Spangberg A et al. Good urodynamic practices. uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, and pressure-flow studies. Neurourol Urodyn 2002; 21: 261–74.
- Campbell MJ, Julious SA, Altman DG. Estimating sample sizes for binary, ordered categorical, and continuous outcomes in two group comparisons. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1145–8.
- Ulmsten U, Ekman G, Giertz G, Malmstrom A. Different biochemical composition of connective tissue in continent and stress incontinent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987; 66: 455–7.
- Carley ME, Schaffer J. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women with Marfan or Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 1021–3.
- Graham CA, Mallett VT. Race as a predictor of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 116–20.