Side-effects of hormone replacement therapy and influence on pattern of use among women aged 45-64 years. The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study 1997

References

• Campbell S, Whitehead M. Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1977; 4: 31–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, Fox CS, Black D, Ettinger B et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1016–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelsson K, Baron JA, Farahmand BY, Johnell O, Magnusson C, Persson PG et al. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of hip fracture: population based case-control study. The Swedish Hip Fracture Study Group. Br Med J 1998; 316: 1858–63.
   Google Scholar
• Mosca L. The role of hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 2263–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LeBlanc ES, Janowsky J, Chan BK, Nelson HD. Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285: 1489–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakken K, Eggen AE, Lund E. Hormone replacement therapy in Norwegian women, 1996–1997. Maturitas 2001; 40: 131–41.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson K, Pedersen AT, Mattsson LA, Milsom I. Swedish gynecologists’ and general practitioners’ views on the climacteric period: knowledge, attitudes and management strategies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: 909–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemminki E, Topo P. Prescribing of hormone therapy in menopause and postmenopause. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 18: 145–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsen ST, Fredriksen T, Iversen OE, Moen MH. [Attitude to and practice of Norwegian gynecologists concerning hormone replacement therapy in the climacteric.] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1998; 118: 2940–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, Wilson PW, Anderson JJ. The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1141–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettinger B, Pressman A, Silver P. Effect of age on reasons for initiation and discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy. Menopause 1999; 6: 282–9.
   Google Scholar
• Coope J, Marsh J. Can we improve compliance with long-term HRT? Maturitas 1992; 15: 151–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen C, Steffensen FH, Sorensen HT, Nielsen GL, Olsen J, Bergman U. Low use of long-term hormone replacement therapy in Denmark. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47: 323–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ravnikar VA. Hormonal management of osteoporosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1992; 35: 913–22.
   Google Scholar
• Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 321–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nand SL, Webster MA, Baber R, Heller GZ. Menopausal symptom control and side-effects on continuous estrone sulfate and three doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate. Ogen/Provera Study Group. Climacteric 1998; 1: 211–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vihtamaki T, Savilahti R, Tuimala R. Why do postmenopausal women discontinue hormone replacement therapy? Maturitas 1999; 33: 99–105.
   Google Scholar
• Lund E, Kumle M, Braaten T, Hjartaker A, Bakken K, Eggen A et al. External validity in a population based national prospective study – The Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC). Cancer Causes Control 2003; 14: 1001–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunde AS, Lundeborg S, Lettenstrom GS, Thygesen L, Huebner. J. The person-number system of Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Israel. Vital Health Stat 2 1980; 84: 1–59.
   Google Scholar
• Li C, Samsioe G, Lidfelt J, Nerbrand C, Agardh CD. Important factors for use of hormone replacement therapy: a population-based study of Swedish women. The Women’s Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study. Menopause 2000; 7: 273–81.
   Google Scholar
• Ballard K. Women’s use of hormone replacement therapy for disease prevention; results of a community survey. Br J Gen Pract 2002; 52: 835–7.
   Google Scholar
• Groeneveld FP, Bareman FP, Barentsen R, Dokter HJ, Drogendijk AC, Hoes AW. Duration of hormonal replacement therapy in general practice; a follow-up study. Maturitas 1998; 29: 125–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wren BG, Brown L. Compliance with hormonal replacement therapy. Maturitas 1991; 13: 17–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• den Tonkelaar I, Oddens BJ. Determinants of long-term hormone replacement therapy and reasons for early discontinuation. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 507–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESHRE-group GT. Continuation rates for oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. The ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 1865–71.
   Google Scholar
• Collaborators MWS. Patterns of use of hormone replacement therapy in one million women in Britain, 1996–2000. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 109: 1319–30.
   Google Scholar
• Kenemans P, van Unnik GA, Mijatovic V, van der Mooren MJ. Perspectives in hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 2001; 38: S41–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorn I, Backsrom T. Drug related negative side-effects is a common reason for poor compliance in hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1999; 32: 77–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson E, Rubin G, Clyne C, Robertson K, O’Donnell L, Jones M et al. The role of local estrogen biosynthesis in males and females. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2000; 11: 184–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen LB, Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Gram J, Eiken P, Abrahamsen B et al. Hormone replacement therapy dissociates fat mass and bone mass, and tends to reduce weight gain in early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled 5-year clinical trial of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. J Bone Miner Res 2003; 18: 333–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Seumeren I. Weight gain and hormone replacement therapy: are women’s fears justified? Maturitas 2000; 34: S3–8.
   Google Scholar
• Gower BA, Nagy TR, Goran MI, Smith A, Kent E. Leptin in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone therapy, insulin, and fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1770–5.
   Google Scholar
• Norman RJ, Flight IH, Rees MC. Oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy for peri-menopausal and postmenopausal women: weight and body fat distribution. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider HP, Gallagher JC. Moderation of the daily dose of HRT: benefits for patients. Maturitas 1999; 33: S25–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hammar M, Christau S, Nathorst-Boos J, Rud T, Garre K. A double-blind, randomised trial comparing the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 105: 904–11.
   Google Scholar
• Lund E, Gram IT. Response rate according to title and length of questionnaire. Scand J Soc Med 1998; 26: 154–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brogger J, Bakke P, Eide GE, Gulsvik A. Contribution of follow-up of nonresponders to prevalence and risk estimates: a Norwegian respiratory health survey. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157: 558–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beral V, Banks E, Reeves G. Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 2002; 360: 942–4.
   Google Scholar
• Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 523–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beral V. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003; 362: 419–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwegian Institute of Public Health. http://www.fhi.no/2004.
   Google Scholar