141
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

‘Big build’: hidden depression in men

, , &
Pages 921-931 | Received 12 Jan 2004, Accepted 12 Feb 2005, Published online: 17 Aug 2009

References

  • Bland R, Newman S C, Orn H. Period prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1988; 77(Suppl 338)33–42
  • Blazer D G, Kessler R C, McGonagle K A, Swartz M S. The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 151: 979–986
  • Meltzer H, Gill B, Petticrew M, Hinds K. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults in private households. HMSO: OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain, London 1995
  • Wells J, Bushnell J A, Hornblow A R, Joyce P R, Oakley-Browne M A. Christchurch psychiatric epidemiology study, Part I: Methodology and lifetime prevalence for specific psychiatric disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 23: 315–326
  • Wilhelm K, Mitchell P, Slade T, Brownhill S, Andrews G. Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV major depression in an Australian national survey. Journal of Affective Disorders 2002; 75: 155–162
  • Astbury J. Gender and mental health. Paper prepared under the Global Health Equity Initiative project on Gender and Health Equity based at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. University of Melbourne, Melbourne 1999
  • Bebbington P. The origins of sex differences in depressive disorder: bridging the gap. International Review of Psychiatry 1996; 8: 295–332
  • Paykel E. Depression in women. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 158: 22–29
  • Pollack W. The tortures of Job: diagnosing and treating hidden depression in older men. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1999; 32: 195–222
  • Aneshensel C, Estrada A L, Hansell M J, Clark V A. Social psychological aspects of reporting behavior: lifetime depressive episode reports. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 1987; 28: 232–246
  • Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A. The definition of depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1984; 18: 401–406
  • Wilhelm K, Parker G. Sex differences in lifetime depression rates: fact or artefact?. Psychological Medicine 1994; 24: 97–111
  • Kessler R, Brown R L, Browman C L. Sex differences in psychiatric help-seeking: evidence from four large-scale surveys. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1981; 22: 49–64
  • Grossman M, Wood W. Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: a social role interpretation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993; 65: 1010–1022
  • Heesacker M, Wester S R, Vogel D L, Wentzel J T, Mejia-Millan C M, Goodholm C R, Jr. Gender-based emotional stereotyping. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1999; 46: 483–492
  • Honkalampi K, Hintikka J, Tanskanen A, Lehtonen J, Viinamaki H. Depression is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2000; 48: 99–104
  • Brownmiller S. Femininity. Paladin Books, London 1986
  • Funabiki D, Bologna N C, Pepping M, FitzGerald K C. Revisiting sex differences in the expression of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1980; 89: 194–202
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S. Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin 1987; 101: 259–282
  • Wilhelm K, Parker G. Sex differences in depressiogenic risk factors and coping strategies in a socially homogeneous group. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1993; 88: 205–211
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. Causes of death, Australia 1999, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/
  • Bennett D, Bauman A. Adolescent mental health and risky sexual behaviour. British Medical Journal 2000; 321: 251–252
  • Blair-West G, Cantor C H, Mellsop G W, Eyeson-Annan M. Lifetime suicide risk in major depression: sex and age determinants. Journal of Affective Disorders 1999; 55: 171–178
  • Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. The relationship between cannabis use, depression and anxiety among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 2001; 36: 219–227
  • Finlay-Jones R. Antisocial behaviour. Men and mental health, A Jorm. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra 1995
  • Fong G, Frost D, Stansfeld S. Road rage: a psychiatric phenomenon?. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 2001; 36: 277–286
  • Gillet C, Polard E, Mauduit N, Allain H. Acting out and psychoactive substances: alcohol, drugs, illicit substances. Encephale 2001; 27: 351–359
  • Goldney R D. Suicide in men. Men and mental health, A Jorm. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra 1995
  • Hall W. Substance abuse. Men and mental health, A Jorm. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra 1995
  • Higgins K, Cooper-Stanbury M, Williams P. Statistics on drug use in Australia, 1998. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra 2000
  • Moller-Leimkuhler A. The gender gap in suicide and premature death or: why are men so vulnerable?. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2003; 253: 1–8
  • Potenza M, Steinberg M A, McLaughlin S D, Wu R, Rounsaville B J, O'Malley S S. Gender-related differences in the characteristics of problem gamblers using a gambling helpline. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1500–1505
  • Egeland J A, Hostetter A M. Amish Study I: affective disorders among the Amish, 1976–1980. American Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 140: 56–61
  • Lowenthal K, Goldblatt V, Gorton T, et al. Gender and depression in Anglo-Jewry. Psychological Medicine 1995; 25: 1051–1063
  • Cochran S V, Rabinowitz F E. Men and depression. Academic, San Diego, CA 2000
  • Real T. I don't want to talk about it: overcoming the secret legacy of male depression. Newleaf, Dublin 1997
  • Berlanga C. A phenomenological evaluation of the depressive disorder. Salud Mental 1999; 22: 26–32
  • Lewis S. A search for meaning: making sense of depression. Journal of Mental Health 1995; 4: 369–382
  • Nugent W R, Williams M. The relationship between the comorbidity of depression with problems in psychosocial functioning and the severity of suicidal ideation. The Social Service Review 2001; 75: 581–604
  • Heifner C. The male experience of depression. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 1997; 33: 10–18
  • Pinnock C, O'Brien B, Marshall V R. Older men's concerns about their urological health: a qualitative study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1998; 22: 368–373
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders4th edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1995
  • Watson D, Clark L A, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988; 54: 1063–1070
  • Scheier M, Carver C S. Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology 1985; 4: 219–247
  • Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory2nd edn. Sage, Newbury Park, CA 1998
  • Glaser B, Strauss A L. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing, New York 1967
  • Brownhill S. Intensified constraint: the battle between individual and social forces influencing hidden depression in men. University of New SouthWales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2003, (Doctoral thesis)
  • Dey I. Grounding grounded theory: guidelines for qualitative inquiry. Academic, San Diego, CA 1999
  • Neuendorf K. The content analysis guidebook. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 2002
  • Weber R. Basic content analysis2nd edn. Sage, Newbury Park, CA 1990
  • Warren L. Male intolerance of depression: a review with implications for psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review 1983; 3: 147–156
  • Gjerde P, Block J, Block J H. Depressive symptoms and personality during late adolescence: gender differences in the externalization-internalization of symptom expression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1988; 97: 475–486
  • Walinder J, Rutz W. Male depression and suicide. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2001; 16 Suppl 2: 21–24
  • Hensing G, Brage S, Nygard J F, Sandanger I, Tellnes G. Sickness absence with psychiatric disorders: an increased risk for marginalisation among men?. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 2000; 35: 335–340
  • Cassano G, Frank E, Miniati M, et al. Conceptual underpinnings and empirical support for the mood spectrum. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2002; 25: 699–712
  • Kendler K, Gardner C O, Jr. Boundaries of major depression: an evaluation of DSM-IV criteria. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 155: 172–177
  • Bennett D, Bauman A. Adolescent mental health and risky sexual behaviour. British Medical Journal 2000; 321: 251–252
  • Angst J, Merikangas K R. The depressive spectrum: diagnostic classification and course. Journal of Affective Disorders 1997; 45: 31–40
  • Solomon A. The noonday demon: an anatomy of depression. Chatto and Windus, London 2001
  • Jambunathan J. Depression: dealing with the darkness. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 1996; 32: 26–30
  • Smith J. Depression: darker than darkness. American Scholar 1997; 66: 495
  • Swinton J. Spirituality and mental health care: rediscovering a ‘forgotten’ dimension. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London 2001
  • Hankin B, Abramson L Y, Moffitt T E, Silva P A, McGee R, Angell K E. Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1998; 107: 128–140
  • Rosenfield S. Gender and dimensions of the self. Gender and its effects on psychopathology, E Frank. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 2000
  • Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A. Do the diagnostic criteria determine the sex ratio in depression?. Journal of Affective Disorders 1984; 7: 189–198
  • Clare A. Female power and the forgotten father. Sunday Telegraph, Sydney 2000; 20–24
  • Brownhill S, Wilhelm K, Eliovson G, Waterhouse M. ‘For men only’: a prompt list pre-test in primary care. Australian Family Physician 2003; 32: 443–450
  • Young J, Cashwell C S, Shcherbakova J. The moderating relationship of spirituality on negative life events and psychological adjustment. Counseling and Values 2000; 45: 49–57
  • Cooper L, Brown C, Vu H T, Ford D E, Powe N R. How important is intrinsic spirituality in depression care? Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001; 16: 634–638
  • Exline J, Yali A M, Sanderson W C. Guilt, discord, and alienation: the role of religious strain in depression and suicidality. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2000; 56: 1481–1496
  • Cochran S, Rabinowitz F E. Gender-sensitive recommendations for assessment and treatment of depression in men. Professional Psychology –Research and Practice 2003; 34: 132–140
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. Causes of death, Australia 1999, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/"/>
  • Russell D, Judd F. Why are men killing themselves? A look at the evidence. Australian Family Physician 1999; 28: 791–795
  • Dudley M, Waters B, Kelk N, Howard J. Youth suicide in New South Wales: urban–rural trends. Medical Journal of Australia 1992; 156: 83–88
  • Wilhelm K. Effects of husbands on the mental health of their wives. Men and mental health, A Jorm. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra 1995
  • Lane C, Hobfoll S E. How loss affects anger and alienates potential supporters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1992; 60: 935–942
  • Keller L E. Invisible victims: battered women in psychiatric and medical emergency rooms. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 1996; 60: 1–21
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. Prisoners in Australia 2001, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australia now: drug-related deaths 2002, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/"/>
  • Swendsen J, Merikangas K R, Canino G J, Kessler R C, Rubio-Stipec M, Angst J. The comorbidity of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders in four geographic communities. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1998; 39: 176–184
  • Tyssen R, Vaglum P, Aasland O G, Gronvold N T, Ekeberg O. Use of alcohol to cope with tension, and its relation to gender, years in medical school and hazardous drinking: a study of two nation-wide Norwegian samples of medical students. Addiction 1998; 93: 1341–1349
  • Khantzian E J. The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 142: 1259–1264
  • Weiss R D, Griffin M L, Mirin S M. Drug abuse as self-medication for depression: an empirical study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 1992; 18: 121–129
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. How Australians use their time 1998, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/
  • Felsten G. Gender and coping: use of distinct strategies and associations with stress and depression. Anxiety, Stress and Coping 1998; 11: 289–309
  • Laitinen-Krispijn S, Bijl R V. Mental disorders and employee sickness absence: the NEMESIS study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2000; 35: 71–77

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.