Second trimester maternal serum screening using alpha fetoprotein, free beta human chorionic gonadotropin and maternal age specific risk, Result of chromosomal abnormalities detected in screen positive for Down syndrome in an Asian population

References

• Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Knight GJ et al. Prenatal screening for Down’s syndrome with use of maternal serum markers. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 588–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips OP, Elias S, Shulman LP, Anderson RN, Morgan D, Simpson JL. Maternal serum screening for fetal Down’s syndrome in women older than 35 years of age using alphafetoprotein, hCG, and unconjugated estriol: a prospective 2 year study. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80: 353–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wald NJ, Kennard A, Densem JW, Cuckle HS, Chard T, Butler L. Antenatal maternal serum screening for Down’s syndrome: results of a demonstration project. BMJ 1992; 305: 391–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng EY, Luthy DA, Zebelman AM, Williams MA, Lieppman RE, Hickok DE. A prospective evaluation of a second-trimester screening test for fetal Down’s syndrome using maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, hCG and unconjugated estriol. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81: 72–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodburn SF, Yates JrW, Raggatt PR et al. Second-trimester maternal serum screening using alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and unconjugated estriol: experience of a regional programme. Prenat Diagn 1994; 14: 391–402.
   Google Scholar
• Benn PA, Horne D, Briganti S, Greenstein RM. Prenatal diagnosis of diverse chromosome abnormalities in a population of patients identified by triple-marker testing as screen positve for Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 496–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzumori K, Tanemura M, Murakami I et al. A retrospective evaluation of maternal serum screening for the detection of fetal aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn 1997; 17: 9: 861–6.
   Google Scholar
• Burton BK. Unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein and adverse perinatal outcome. In: Elias S, Simpson JL, eds. Maternal serum screening for fetal genetic disorders. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992: 109–19.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds TM, Penney MD. The mathematical basis of multivariate risk screening with special reference to screening for Down’s syndrome associated pregnancy. Clin Chem 1990; 27: 452–8.
   Google Scholar
• Macri JN, Kasturi RV, Krantz DA et al. Maternal serum Down’s syndrome screening: free β-protein is a more effective marker than human chorionic gonadotropin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1248–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer K. Evaluation of an assay of the free β-submit of choriogonadotropin and its potential value in screening for Down’s syndrome. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 809–14.
   Google Scholar
• Ryall RG, Staples AJ, Robertson EF, Pollard AC. Improved performance in a prenatal screening program for Down’s syndrome incorporating serum free hCG subunit analysis. Prenat Diagn 1992; 12: 251–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spencer K. Is the measurement of unconjugated oestriol of value in screening for Down’s syndrome? In: Grudzinskas JG, Chard T, Chapman M, Cuckle H, eds. Screening for Down’s syndrome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994: 141–61.
   Google Scholar
• Norgaard-Pedersen B, Alfthan H, Arends J et al. A new simple and rapid dual assay for AFP and free beta hCG in screening for Down’s syndrome. Clin Genet 1994; 45: 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson AM, Palomaki GE, Haddow JE. Maternal serum a-fetoprotein levels in pregnancies among black and white women with fetal open spina bifida: a United States collaborative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 328–31.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien JE, Dvorin E, Drugna A, Johnson MP, Yaron Y, Evans MI. Race-ethnicity-specific variation in multiple- marker biochemical screening: alpha-fetoprotein, hCG and estriol. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89: 355–8.
   Google Scholar
• Onda T, Kitagawa M, Takeda O et al. Triple marker screening in native Japanese women. Prenat Diagn 1996; 16: 713–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu JJ, Hsieh TT, Hsieh FJ. Down syndrome screening in an Asian population using alpha-fetoprotein and free β- hCG: a report of the Taiwan Down Syndrome Screening Group. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 943–7.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu JJ, Hsieh TT, Soong YK, Spencer K. Comparison of Down’s syndrome screening strategies in Asians combining serum free beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein with maternal age. Prenat Diagn 1997; 17: 8: 707–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh TT, Hsu JJ, Chen CP et al. Down’s syndrome screening with AFP and free β-hCG: an analysis of the influence of Chinese ethnic origin on screening parameters. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 1632.
   Google Scholar
• Cuckle HS, Wald NJ, Thompson SG. Estimating a woman’s risk of having a pregnancy associated with Down’s syndrome using her age and serum alpha-fetoprotein level. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 94: 387–402.
   Google Scholar
• Palomaki Ge, Haddow JE, Knight GJ et al. Risk-based prenatal screening for trisomy 18 using alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol and human chorionic gonadotropin. Prenat Diagn 1995; 15: 713–23.
   Google Scholar
• Lin SJ. Down syndrome in Taiwan. Acta Paediatr Sin 1994; 35: 28–31.
   Google Scholar
• Ko TM, Tseng LH, Hwa HL et. al. Cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid cells in 10,000 samples. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Republic of China 1996; 35: 153–8.
   Google Scholar
• Salonen R, Turpeinen U, Kurki L et al. Maternal serum screening for Down’s syndrome on a population basis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76: 817–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson-Smith MA, Yates JRW Maternal age specific rates for chromosome aberrations and factors influencing them: report of a collaborative study on 52,965 amniocenteses. Prenat Diagn 1984; (special issue): 5–44.
   Google Scholar
• Hook EB, Cross PK. Extra structurally abnormal chromosomes (ESAC) detected at amniocentesis: frequency in approximately 75,000 prenatal cytogenetic diagnoses and associations with maternal and paternal age. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 40: 83–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar