Long CAG repeats in the AR gene are not associated with infertility in Finnish males

References

• McPhaul MJ, Marcelli M, Zoppi S, Wilson CM, Griffin JE, Wilson JD. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene cluster in two regions of the gene. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 2097–101.
   Google Scholar
• Newmark JR, Hardy DO, Tonb DC, Carter BS, Epstein JI, Isaacs WB et al. Androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 6319–23.
   Google Scholar
• Gaddipati JP, McLeod DG, Heidenberg HB, Sesterhenn IA, Finger MJ, Moul JW et al. Frequent detection of codon 877 mutation in the androgen receptor gene in advanced prostate cancers. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 2861–4.
   Google Scholar
• Rubinsztein DC, Leggo J, Coetzee GA, Irvine RA, Buckley M, Ferguson-Smith MA. Sequence variation and size ranges of CAG repeats in the Machado-Joseph disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and androgen receptor genes. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 1585–90.
   Google Scholar
• Merry DE, Kobayashi Y, Bailey CK, Taye AA, Fischbeck KH. Cleavage, aggregation and toxicity of the expanded androgen receptor in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 693–701.
   Google Scholar
• Irvine RA, Yu MC, Ross RK, Coetzee GA. The CAG and GGC Microsatellites of the androgen receptor gene are in linkage disequilibrium in men with prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 1937–40.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy DO, Scher HI, Bogenreider T, Sabbatini P, Zhang Z-F, Nanus DM et al. Androgen receptor CAG repeat lengths in prostate cancer: correlation with age of onset. J Clin Endocr Metab 1996; 81: 4400–5.
   Google Scholar
• Rebbeck TR, Kantoff PF, Krithivas K, Neuhausen S, Blackwood MA, Godwin AK et al. Modification of BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk by the polymorphic androgen-receptor CAG repeat. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64: 1371–7.
   Google Scholar
• La Spada AR, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, Harding AE, Fischbeck KH. Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature 1991; 352: 77–9.
   Google Scholar
• Burright EN, Orr HT, Clark HB. Mouse models of human CAG repeat disorders. Brain Pathol 1997; 7: 965–77.
   Google Scholar
• Butler R, Leigh PN, McPhaul MJ, Gallo J-M. Truncated forms of the androgen receptor are associated with polyglutamine expansion in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 121–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy WR, Alter M, Sung J. Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset: a sex-linked recessive trait. Neurology 1968; 18: 671–80.
   Google Scholar
• Arbizu T, Santamaria J, Gomez JM, Quílez A, Serra JP. A family with adult spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, X-linked inheritance and associated testicular failure. J Neurol Sci 1983; 59: 371–82.
   Google Scholar
• Udd B, Juvonen V, Hakamies L, Nieminen A, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Cederquist K et al. High prevalence of Kennedy’s disease in Western Finland – is the syndrome underdiagnosed? Acta Neurol Scand 1998; 98: 128–33.
   Google Scholar
• Tut TG, Ghadessy FJ, Trifiro MA, Pinsky L, Yong EL. Long polyglutamine tracts in the androgen receptor are associated with reduced trans-activation, impaired sperm production, and male infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 3777–82.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida K, Yano M, Chiba K, Honda M, Kitahara S. CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is enhanced in patients with idiopathic azoospermia. Urology 1999; 54: 1078–81.
   Google Scholar
• Legius E, Vanderschueren D, Spiessens C, D’Hooghe T, Matthijs G. Association between CAG repeat number in the androgen receptor and male infertility in a Belgian study. Clin Genet 1999; 56: 166–7.
   Google Scholar
• Dowsing AT, Yong EL, Clark M, McLachlan RI, de Kretser DM, Trounson AO. Linkage between male infertility and trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen-receptor gene. Lancet 1999; 354: 640–3.
   Google Scholar
• Mifsud A, Sim CK, Boettger-Tong H, Moreira S, Lamb DJ, Lipshultz LI et al. Trinucleotide (CAG) repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene: molecular markers of risk for male infertility. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 275–81.
   Google Scholar
• Patrizio P, Leonard DG, Chen KL, Hernandez-Ayup S, Trounson AO. Larger trinucleotide repeat size in the androgen receptor gene of infertile men with extremely severe oligozoospermia. J Androl 2001; 22: 444–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wallerand H, Remy-Martin A, Chabannes E, Bermont L, Adessi GL, Bittard H. Relationship between expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene and idiopathic male infertility. Fertil Steril 2001; 76: 769–74.
   Google Scholar
• Lundberg Giwercman Y, Xu C, Arver S, Pousette Å, Reneland R. No association between the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat and impaired sperm production in Swedish men. Clin Genet 1998; 54: 435–6.
   Google Scholar
• Dadze S, Wieland C, Jakubiczka S, Funke K, Schröder E, Royer-Pokora B et al. The size of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene shows no significant relationship to impaired spermatogenesis in an infertile Caucasoid sample of German origin. Mol Hum Reprod 2000; 6: 207–14.
   Google Scholar
• Sasagawa I, Suzuki Y, Ashida J, Nakada T, Muroya K, Ogata T. CAG repeat length analysis and mutation screening of the androgen receptor gene in Japanese men with idiopathic azoospermia. J Androl 2001; 22: 804–8.
   Google Scholar
• Van Golde R, Van Houwelingen K, Kiemeney L, Kremer J, Tuerlings J, Schalken J et al. Is increased CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene a risk factor for male subfertility? J Urol 2002; 167: 621–3.
   Google Scholar
• Rajpert-De Meyts E, Leffers H, Petersen JH, Andersen AG, Carlsen E, Jorgensen N et al. CAG repeat length in androgen-receptor gene and reproductive variables in fertile and infertile men. Lancet 2002; 359: 44–6.
   Google Scholar
• Irvine DS. Epidemiology and aetiology of male infertility. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Meschede D, Horst J. Genetic counselling for infertile male patients. Int J Androl 1997; 20: 20–30.
   Google Scholar
• Aiman J, Griffin JE. The frequency of androgen receptor deficiency in infertile men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 54: 725–32.
   Google Scholar
• von Eckardstein S, Syska A, Gromoll J, Kamischke A, Simoni M, Nieschlag E. Inverse correlation between sperm concentration and number of androgen receptor CAG repeats in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 2585–90.
   Google Scholar
• La Spada AR, Roling DB, Harding AE, Warner CL, Spiegel R, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I et al. Meiotic stability and genotype-phenotype correlation of the trinucleotide repeat in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature Genet 1992; 2: 301–4.
   Google Scholar