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Research Article

Umbilical venous blood flow and reference ranges

Page 1061 | Published online: 07 Aug 2009

References

  • Di Naro E, Raio L, Ghezzi F, Franchi M, Romano F, D’Addario V. Longitudinal umbilical vein blood flow changes in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81: 527–33.
  • Barbera A, Galan HL, Ferrazzi E, Rigano S, Józwik M, Battaglia FC, Pardi G. Relationship of umbilical vein blood flow to growth parameters in the human fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 174–9.
  • Kiserud T, Rasmussen S, Skulstad SM. Blood flow and degree of shunting through the ductus venosus in the human fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 147–53.
  • Stembera ZK, Hodr J, Janda J. Umbilical blood flow in healthy newborn infants during the first minutes after birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965; 91: 568–74.
  • Gill RW, Trudinger BJ, Garrett WJ, Kossoff G, Warren PS. Fetal umbilical venous flow measured in utero by pulsed Doppler and B-mode ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 139: 720–5.

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