Intravaginal Administration of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 to Mice Leads to Infection of Several Neural and Extraneural Sites

References

• Baker DA, Plotkin SA (1978). Enhancement of vaginal infection in mice by herpes simplex virus type II with progesterone. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 158: 131–134.
   Google Scholar
• Cantin E, Ranamachi B, Openshaw H (1999). Role for gamma interferon in control of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. J Virol 73: 3418–3423.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper M(2000). The genital tract: developmental, anatom-ical and microbiological factors affecting STD acquisi tion and strategies for prevention. In: Sexually trans-mitted diseases. Stanberry LR, Bernstein DI (eds). San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp 57–95.
   Google Scholar
• Corey L, Spear PG (1986a). Infections with herpes simplex viruses, part 1. N Engl I Med 314: 686–691.
   Google Scholar
• Corey L, Spear PG (1986b). Infections with herpes simplex viruses. Part 2. N Engl J Med 314: 749–757.
   Google Scholar
• Costa M, Furness JB (1973). Observations on the anatomy and amine histochemistry of the nerves and ganglia which supply the pelvic viscera and on the associated chromaffin tissue in the guinea pig. Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 140: 85–108.
   Google Scholar
• DaCosta XJ, Morrison LA, Knipe DM (2001). Comparison of different forms of herpes simplex replication-defective mutant viruses as vaccines in a mouse model of HSV-2 genital infection. Virology 288: 256–263.
   Google Scholar
• Eckstein P, Zuckerman S (1956). Morphology of the repro-ductive tract. Marshall's Physiology of Reproduction 1: 43–155.
   Google Scholar
• Fleck M, Podlech J, Weise K, Muntefering H, Falke D (1993). Pathogenesis of HSV-1/2 induced vaginitis/vulvitis of the mouse: dependence of lesions on genetic properties of the virus and analysis of pathohistology. Arch Virol 129: 35–51.
   Google Scholar
• Greenblatt RM, Lukehart SA, Plummer FA, Quinn TC, Critchlow CW, Ashley RL, D'Costa LJ, Ndinya-Achola JO, Corey L, Ronald AR (1988). Genital ulceration as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS 2: 47–50.
   Google Scholar
• Hammarstrom M (1980). Uterine secretomotor innervation. Acta Scand Suppl 484: 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Hill TJ, Harbour DA, Blyth WA (1980). Isolation of herpes simplex virus from the skin of clinically normal mice during latent infection. J Gen Virol 47: 205–207.
   Google Scholar
• Ho DY (1992). Herpes simplex virus latency-molecular aspects. Prog Med Virology 39: 76–115.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson JG, Ruffner KL, Koszvnenchak M, Hwang CBC, Wobbe KK, Knipe DM, Coen DM (1993). Herpes sim-plex virus thymidine kinase and specific stages of la-tency in murine trigeminal ganglia. J Virol 67: 6903–6908.
   Google Scholar
• Kosz-Vnenchak M, Coen DM, Knipe DM (1990). Restricted expression of herpes simplex virus lytic genes during establishment of latent infection by thymidine kinase-negative mutant viruses. J Virol 64: 5396–5402.
   Google Scholar
• Lukas B, Wiesendanger W, Schmidt-Ruppin KH (1975). Herpes genitalis in guinea pigs. I. Kinetic study in infection with Herpesvirus hominis type 2. Arch Virol 49: 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Martin JR, Reed EV (1986). Central nervous system and genital infection with reactivation of latent herpes sim-plex virus type 2 in mice. Microbial Pathog 1: 181–189.
   Google Scholar
• McDermott MR, Brais PLJ, Goettsche GC, Evelegh MJ, Goldsmith CH (1987). Expression of immunity to in-travaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the genital tract and associated lymph nodes. Arch Virol 93: 51–68.
   Google Scholar
• McDermott MR, Smiley BJ, Brais PLJ, Rudzroga H, Bienenstock J (1984). Immunity in the female genital tract after intravaginal vaccination of mice with an at-tenuated strain of herpes simplex virus type 2. J Virol 51: 247–253.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell BS, Ahmed E, Stauber VV (1993). Projections of the guinea-pig paracervical ganglion to pelvic viscera. Histochem 125: 51–56.
   Google Scholar
• Nahmias AJ, Lee FK, Bechman-Nahmias S (1990). Sero-epidemiological and -sociological patterns of herpes simplex virus infection in the world. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 69: 19–36.
   Google Scholar
• Overall JD, Kern ER, Schlitzer RL, Friedman SB, Glasgow L (1975). Genital herpesvirus hominis infection in mice. I. Development of an experimental model. Infect Immun 11: 476–480.
   Google Scholar
• Papka RE, McNeill DL (1992). Coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and galanin immunoreactivity in female rat pelvic and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia. Peptides 13: 761–767.
   Google Scholar
• Parr MB, Kepple L, McDermott MR, Drew MD, Bozzola JJ, Parr EL (1994). A mouse model for studies of mucosal immunity to vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2. Lab Invest 70: 369–380.
   Google Scholar
• Parr MB, Parr EL (1997). Protective immunity against HSV-2 in the mouse vagina. J Reprod Immunol 36: 77–92.
   Google Scholar
• Parr MB, Parr EL (1999). Female genital tract immunity in animal models. In: Mucosa] immunology, 2nd ed. Ogra PL, Lamm ME, McGhee JR, Mestecky J, Strober W, Bienenstock J (eds). San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp 1395–1409.
   Google Scholar
• Podlech J, Hengerer F, Fleck M, Kunkel J, Falke D (1997). Localization of latency-associated transcripts in the uterovaginal plexus of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 latently infected mice. J Gen Virol 78: 1103–1108.
   Google Scholar
• Podlech J, Hengerer F, Fleck M, Walev I, Falke D (1996). Replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in the medulla of the adrenal gland after vaginal infection of mice. Arch Virol 141: 1999–2008.
   Google Scholar
• Price RW (1977). Viral infections of the autonomic nervous system and its target organs: pathogenetic mechanisms. Med Hypotheses 3: 33–36.
   Google Scholar
• Quinnan GV, Masur H, Rook AH, Armstrong G, Frederick WR, Epstein J, Manischewitz JF, Macher AM, Jackson L, Ames J, Smith HA, Parker M, Pearson GR, Parrillo J, Mitchell C, Straus SE (1984). Herpes virus infection in acquired immune deficiency. J Am Med Assoc 252: 72–77.
   Google Scholar
• Sanjuan NA, Lascano EF (1986). Autonomic nervous sys-tem involvement in experimental genital infection by herpes simplex virus type 2. Arch Virol 91: 329–339.
   Google Scholar
• Scriba M (1976). Recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of guinea pigs. Med Microbic)] Immunol 162: 201–208.
   Google Scholar
• Sidman RL, Angevine JB Jr, Pierce ET (1971). Atlas of the mouse brain and spinal cord. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simmons A, Nash AA (1984). Zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus as a model of recrudescence and its use to investigate the role of immune cells in prevention of recurrent disease. J Virol 52: 816–821.
   Google Scholar
• Stanberry LR (1991). Evaluation of herpes simplex virus vaccines in animals: the guinea pig vaginal model. Rev Infect Dis 13: S920–S923.
   Google Scholar
• Stanberry LR, Kern ER, Richards JT, Abbott TM Overall JC (1982). Genital herpes in guinea pigs: pathogenesis of the primary infection and description of recurrent disease. J Infect Dis 146: 397–404.
   Google Scholar
• Stroop WG, Banks MC, Qavi H, Chodosh J, Brown SM (1994). A thymidine kinase deficient HSV-2 strain causes acute keratitis and establishes trigeminal gan-glionic latency, but poorly reactivates in vivo. J Med Virol 43: 297–309.
   Google Scholar
• Walz MA, Price RW, Hayashi K, Katz BJ, Notkins AL (1977). Effect of immunization on acute and latent infections of vaginouterine tissue with herpes sim-plex virus types 1 and 2. J Infect Dis 135: 744–752.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley R, Arvin A, Prober C (1991). Predictors of morbid-ity and mortality in neonates with herpes simplex virus infection. N Eng I Med 154: 415–421.
   Google Scholar
• Wrzos H, Rapp F (1985). Experimental model for activation of genital herpes simplex virus. J Infect Dis 151: 349–354.
   Google Scholar
• Zawatzky R, Hilfenhause J, Marcucci R, Kirchner H (1981). Experiment infection of inbred mice with herpes sim-plex virus type 1. I. Investigation of humoral and cel-lular immunity and of interferon induction. J Gen Virol 53: 31–38.
   Google Scholar