Platelet Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Linking Hemostasis, Inflammation, and Host Defense

REFERENCES

• Aarts PA, van den Broek SA, Prins GW, Kuiken GD, Sixma JJ, Heethaar RM. (1988). Blood platelets are concentrated near the wall and red blood cells, in the center in flowing blood. Arteriosclerosis 8:819–824.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abi Younes S, Sauty A, Mach F, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Luster AD. (2000). The stromal cell-derived fac-tor-1 chemokine is a potent platelet agonist highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Circ Res 86: 131–138.
   Google Scholar
• Abi Younes S, Si-Tahar M, Luster AD. (2001). The CC chemokines MDC and TARC induce platelet ac-tivation via CCR4. Thromb Res 101:279–289.
   Google Scholar
• Alon R, Feigelson S. (2002). From rolling to arrest on blood vessels: leukocyte tap dancing on endothe-lial integrin ligands and chemokines at sub-second contacts. Semin Immunol 14:93–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andre P, Denis CV, Ware J, Saffaripour S, Hynes RO, Ruggeri ZM, Wagner DD. (2000). Platelets ad-here to and translocate on von Willebrand factor presented by endothelium in stimulated veins. Blood 96:3322–3328.
   Google Scholar
• Andre P, Prasad KS, Denis CV, He M, Papalia JM, Hynes RO, Phillips DR, Wagner DD. (2002). CD4OL stabilizes arterial thrombi by a beta3 inte-grin-dependent mechanism. Nat Med 8:247–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukrust P, Muller F, Ueland T, Berget T, Aaser E, Brunsvig A, Solum NO, Forfang K, Froland SS, Gullestad L. (1999). Enhanced levels of soluble and membrane-bound CD40 ligand in patients with un-stable angina: possible reflection of T lymphocyte and platelet involvement in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 100:614–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukrust P. Ueland T, Muller F, Andreassen AK, Nordoy I, Aas H, Kjekshus J, Simonsen S, Froland SS, Gullestad L. (1998). Elevated circulating levels of C-C chemokines in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 97:1136–1143.
   Google Scholar
• Aukrust P. Waehre T, Damas JK, Gullestad L, Solum NO. (2001). Inflammatory role of platelets in acute coronary syndromes. Heart 86:605–606.
   Google Scholar
• Aziz KA, Cawley JC, Zuzel M. (1995). Platelets prime PMN via released PF4: mechanism of priming and synergy with GM-CSF. Br J Haematol 91:846–853.
   Google Scholar
• Ballem PJ, Belzberg A, Devine DV, Lyster D, Sprus-ton B, Chambers H, Doubroff P. Mikulash K. (1992). Kinetic studies of the mechanism of throm-bocytopenia in patients with human immunodefi-ciency virus infection. N Engl J Med 327:1779–1784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisset LR, Rothen M, Joller-Jemelka HI, Dubs RW, Grob PJ, Opravil M. (1997). Change in circulating levels of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 alpha and 11 beta, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-16 following treatment of severely immunodeficient HIV-infected individuals with indinavir. AIDS 11:485–491.
   Google Scholar
• Boehlen F, Clemetson KJ. (2001). Platelet chemo-kines and their receptors: what is their relevance to platelet storage and transfusion practice? Transfus Med 11:403–417.
   Google Scholar
• Bonecchi R, Bianchi G, Bordignon PP, D'Ambrosio D, Lang R, Borsatti A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Gray PA, Mantovani A, Sinigaglia F. (1998). Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (This) and Th2s. J Exp Med 187:129–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Born GV, Richardson PD. (1980). Activation time of blood platelets. J Membr Biol 57:87–90.
   Google Scholar
• Brandt E, Ludwig A, Petersen F, Flad HD. (2000). Platelet-derived CXC chemokines: old players in new games. Immunol Rev 177:204–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt E, Petersen F, Ludwig A, Ehlert JE, Bock L, Flad HD. (2000). The beta-thromboglobulins and platelet factor 4: blood platelet-derived CXC che-mokines with divergent roles in early neutrophil regulation. J Leukoc Biol 67:471–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braze11 C, McClue SJ, Preston GC, King B, Stahl SM. (1991). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced shape change in human platelets determined by computerized data acquisition: correlation with [125I1-iodoLSD binding at 5-HT2 receptors. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2:17–24.
   Google Scholar
• Breer H, Boekhoff I, Tareilus E. (1990). Rapid ki-netics of second messenger formation in olfactory transduction. Nature 345:65–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Capitanio AM, Niewiarowski S, Rucinski B, Tuszyn-ski GP, Cierniewski CS, Hershock D, Kornecki E. (1985). Interaction of platelet factor 4 with human platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta 839:161–173.
   Google Scholar
• Carr MW, Alon R, Springer TA. (1996). The C-C chemokine MCP-1 differentially modulates the avidity of beta 1 and beta 2 integrins on T lympho-cytes. Immunity 4:179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celi A, Lorenzet R, Furie B, Furie BC. (1997). Plate-let-leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction on the blood vessel wall. Semin Hematol 34:327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerletti C, Evangelista V, Lorenzet R, deGaetano G. (2002). Platelet-leukocyte interactions relevant to vascular damage and thrombosis. In: Platelets in Thrombotic, and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Patho-physiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (P Gresele, CP Page, V Fuster, and J Vermylen, Eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 412431.
   Google Scholar
• Chelucci C, Casella I, Federico M, Testa U, Macioce G, Pelosi E, Guerriero R, Mariani G, Giampaolo A, Hassan HJ, Peschle C. (1999). Lineage-specific ex-pression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor/coreceptors in differentiating hematopoiet-ic precursors: correlation with susceptibility to T-and M-tropic HIV and chemokine-mediated HIV re-sistance. Blood 94:1590–1600.
   Google Scholar
• Chelucci C, Federico M, Guerriero R, Mattia G, Ca-sella I, Pelosi E, Testa U, Mariani G, Hassan HJ, Peschle C. (1998). Productive human immunodefi-ciency virus-1 infection of purified megakaryocytic progenitors/precursors and maturing megakaryo-cytes. Blood 91:1225–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicmil M, Thomas JM, Leduc M, Bon C, Gibbins JM. (2002). Platelet endothelial cell adhesion mol-ecule-1 signaling inhibits the activation of human platelets. Blood 99:137–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clawson CC. (1973). Platelet interaction with bac-teria: 3. Ultrastructure. Am J Pathol 70:449–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clawson CC, Rao GH, White JG. (1975). Platelet interaction with bacteria: IV. Stimulation of the re-lease reaction. Am J Pathol 81:411–420.
   Google Scholar
• Clawson CC, White JG, Herzberg MC. (1980). Platelet interaction with bacteria: VI. contrasting the role of fibrinogen and fibronectin. Am JHematol 9:43–53.
   Google Scholar
• Clemetson KJ, Clemetson JM. (2001). Platelet col-lagen receptors. Thromb Haemost 86:189–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemetson KJ, Clemetson JM, Proudfoot AE, Power CA, Baggiolini M, Wells TN. (2000). Functional ex-pression of CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR4 che-mokine receptors on human platelets. Blood 96: 4046–4054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole JL, Marzec UM, Gunthel CJ, Karpatkin S, Wor-ford L, Sundell IB, Lennox JL, Nichol JL, Harker LA. (1998). Ineffective platelet production in thrombocytopenic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Blood 91:3239–3246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin SR. (1999). Protease-activated receptors and platelet function. Thromb Haemost 82:353–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin SR. (2000). Thrombin signalling and pro-tease-activated receptors. Nature 407:258–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin SR. (2001). Protease-activated receptors in vascular biology. Thromb Haemost 86:298–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damas JK, Eiken HG, Oie E, Bjerkeli V, Yndestad A, Ueland T, Tonnessen T, Geiran OR, Aass H, Si-monsen S, Christensen G, Froland SS, Attramadal H, Gullestad L, Aukrust P. (2000). Myocardial ex-pression of CC- and CXC-chemokines and their re-ceptors in human end-stage heart failure. Cardio-vasc Res 47:778–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damas JK, Gullestad L, Ueland T, Solum NO, Si-monsen S, Froland SS, Aukrust P. (2000). CXC-chemokines, a new group of cytokines in congestive heart failure: possible role of platelets and mono-cytes. Cardiovasc Res 45:428–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damas JK, Waehre T, Yndestad A, Ueland T, Muller F, Eiken HG, Holm AM, Halvorsen B, Froland SS, Gullestad L, Aukrust P. (2002). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha in unstable angina: potential antiinflammatory and matrix-stabilizing effects. Circulation 106:36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Gaetano G, Cerletti C, Evangelista V. (1999). Recent advances in platelet-polymorphonuclear leu-kocyte interaction. Haemostasis 29:41–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Derdeyn CA, Costello C, Kilby JM, Sfakianos G, Saag MS, Kaslow R, Bucy RP. (1999). Correlation between circulating stromal cell-derived factor 1 levels and CD4+ cell count in human immunodefi-ciency virus type 1-infected individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 15:1063–1071.
   Google Scholar
• Deuel TF, Keim PS, Farmer M, Heinrikson RL. (1977). Amino acid sequence of human platelet fac-tor 4. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 74:2256–2258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobroski DR, Rabbani LE, Loscalzo J. (1998). The relationship between thrombosis and atherosclero-sis. In: Thrombosis, and Hemorrhage (J Loscalzo and Al Schafer, Eds.) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 837-861.
   Google Scholar
• Dore M. (1998). Platelet-leukocyte interactions. Am Heart J 135:S146–S151.
   Google Scholar
• Farbiszewski R, Niewiarowski S, Worowski K, Lipinski B. (1968). Release of platelet factor 4 in vivo during intravascular coagulation and in throm-botic states. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 19:578–583.
   Google Scholar
• Freedman JE, Loscalzo J. (2002). Platelet-monocyte aggregates: bridging thrombosis and inflammation. Circulation 105:2130–2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenette PS, Denis CV, Weiss L, Jurk K, Subbarao S, Kehrel B, Hartwig JH, Vestweber D, Wagner DD. (2000). P-Selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is expressed on platelets and can mediate platelet-endothelial interactions in vivo. J Exp Med 191 : 1413–1422.
   Google Scholar
• Fujisawa T, Fujisawa R, Kato Y, Nakayama T, Morita A, Katsumata H, Nishimori H, Iguchi K, Ka-miya H, Gray PW, Chantry D, Suzuki R, Yoshie O. (2002). Presence of high contents of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in platelets and el-evated plasma levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived che-mokine in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110:139–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furie B, Furie BC. (1995). The molecular basis of platelet and endothelial cell interaction with neutro-phils and monocytes: role of P-selectin and the P-selectin ligand, PSGL-1. Thromb Haemost 74:224–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furie B, Furie BC, Flaumenhaft R. (2001). A jour-ney with platelet P-selectin: the molecular basis of granule secretion, signalling and cell adhesion. Thromb Haemost 86:214–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gachet C. (2001). ADP receptors of platelets and their inhibition. Thromb Haemost 86:222–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazitt Y, Liu Q. (2001). Plasma levels of SDF-1 and expression of SDF-1 receptor on CD34+ cells in mo-bilized peripheral blood of non-Hodgkin's lym-phoma patients. Stem Cells 19:37–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gear AR. (1976). Continuous-flow, resistive-particle counting. Anal Biochem 72:332–345.
   Google Scholar
• Gear AR. (1982). Rapid reactions of platelets stud-ied by a quenched-flow approach: aggregation ki-netics. J Lab Clin Med 100:866–886.
   Google Scholar
• Gear AR. (1984). Rapid platelet morphological changes visualized by scanning-electron micros-copy: kinetics derived from a quenched-flow ap-proach. Br J Haematol 56:387–398.
   Google Scholar
• Gear AR. (1994). Platelet adhesion, shape change, and aggregation: rapid initiation and signal trans-duction events. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:285–294.
   Google Scholar
• Gear AR, Burke D. (1982). Thrombin-induced se-cretion of serotonin from platelets can occur in sec-onds. Blood 60:1231–1234.
   Google Scholar
• Gear AR, Lambrecht JK. (1981). Reduction in single platelets during primary and secondary ag-gregation. Thromb Haemost 45:298.
   Google Scholar
• Gear AR, Raha S. (1993). Calcium signalling and phosphoinositide metabolism in platelets: subsecond events revealed by quenched-flow techniques. Adv Exp Med Biol 344:57–67.
   Google Scholar
• Gear ARL, Polanowska Grabowska RK. (2002). The platelet shape change. In: Platelets in Throm-botic, and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysi-ology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (P Gresele, CP Page, V Fuster, and J Vermylen, Eds.) Cam-bridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 319-337.
   Google Scholar
• Gear ARL, Suttitanamongkol D, Viisoreanu D, Po-lanowska Grabowska RK, Raha S, Camerini D. (2001). Adenosine diphosphate strongly potentiates the ability of the chemokines MDC, TARC, and SDF-1 to stimulate platelet function. Blood 97:937–945.
   Google Scholar
• Gerard C, Rollins BJ. (2001). Chemokines and dis-ease. Nat Immunol 2:108–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerszten RE, Mach F, Sauty A, Rosenzweig A, Lus-ter AD. (2000). Chemokines, leukocytes, and ath-erosclerosis. J Lab Clin Med 136:87–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabovsky V, Feigelson S, Chen C, Bleijs DA, Peled A, Cinamon G, Baleux F, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lapidot T, van Kooyk Y, Lobb RR, Alon R. (2000). Subsecond induction of alpha4 integrin clustering by immobilized chemokines stimulates leukocyte tethering and rolling on endothelial vascular cell ad-hesion molecule 1 under flow conditions. J Exp Med 192:495–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamada T, Mohle R, Hesselgesser J, Hoxie J, Nach-man RL, Moore MA, Rafii S. (1998). Transendothe-lial migration of megakaryocytes in response to stro-mal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) enhances platelet formation. J Exp Med 188:539–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henn V, Slupsky JR, Grafe M, Anagnostopoulos I, Forster R, Muller-Berghaus G, Kroczek RA. (1998). CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an in-flammatory reaction of endothelial cells. Nature 391:591–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzberg MC, Gong K. (2002). Platelets and bacte-rial infections. In: Platelets in Thrombotic, and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharma-cology and Therapeutics (P Gresele, CP Page, V Fuster, J Vermylen, Eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 783-806.
   Google Scholar
• Hodohara K, Fujii N, Yamamoto N, Kaushansky K. (2000). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) acts together with thrombopoietin to enhance the devel-opment of megakaryocytic progenitor cells (CFU-MK). Blood 95:769–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holme PA, Muller F, Solum NO, Brosstad F, Frol-and SS, Aukrust P. (1998). Enhanced activation of platelets with abnormal release of RANTES in hu-man immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. FASEB J 12:79–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt JC, Harris ME, Holt AM, Lange E, Henschen A, Niewiarowski S. (1986). Characterization of human platelet basic protein, a precursor form of low-affinity platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin. Biochemistry 25:1988–1996.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horuk R. (1994). Molecular properties of the che-mokine receptor family. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15: 159–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoylaerts MF, Oury C, Toth-Zsamboki E, Vermylen J. (2000). ADP receptors in platelet activation and aggregation. Platelets 11:307–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang MM, Bolen JB, Barnwell JW, Shattil SJ, Brugge JS. (1991). Membrane glycoprotein IV (CD36) is physically associated with the Fyn, Lyn, and Yes protein-tyrosine kinases in human platelets. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 88:7844–7848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda H. (1999). Platelet membrane protein CD36. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi 74:99–104.
   Google Scholar
• Jantzen HM, Gousset L, Bhaskar V, Vincent D, Tai A, Reynolds EE, Conley PB. (1999). Evidence for two distinct G-protein-coupled ADP receptors me-diating platelet activation. Thromb Haemost 81: 111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamath S, Blann AD, Caine GJ, Gurney D, Chin BS, Lip GY. (2002). Platelet P-selectin levels in relation to plasma soluble P-selectin and beta-thromboglob-ulin levels in atrial fibrillation. Stroke 33:1237–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kameyoshi Y, Dorschner A, Mallet Al, Christophers E, Schroder JM. (1992). Cytokine RANTES released by thrombin-stimulated platelets is a potent at-tractant for human eosinophils. J Exp Med 176: 587–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kameyoshi Y, Schroder JM, Christophers E, Yama-moto S. (1994). Identification of the cytokine RANTES released from platelets as an eosinophil chemotactic factor. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 104: 49–51.
   Google Scholar
• Kemona H, Andrzejewska A, Prokopowicz J, Nowak H, Mantur M. (1986). Phagocytic activity of human blood platelets examined by electron microscopy. Folia Haematol Int Mag Klin Morphol Blutforsch 113:696–702.
   Google Scholar
• Kemona H, Wysocka J, Mantur M, Prokopowicz J. (1989). Bacterial capacity of blood platelets in pa-tients suffering from pneumonia. Acta Med Pol 30: 45–50.
   Google Scholar
• Klinger MH. (1997). Platelets and inflammation. Anat Embryol (Berl) 196:1–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klinger MH, Wilhelm D, Hubei S, Sticherling M, Schroder JM, Kuhnel W. (1995). Immunocytochem-ical localization of the chemokines RANTES and MIP-1 alpha within human platelets and their re-lease during storage. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 107: 541–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knobler H, Savion N, Shenkman B, Kotev Emeth S, Varon D. (1998). Shear-induced platelet adhesion and aggregation on subendothelium are increased in diabetic patients. Thromb Res 90:181–190.
   Google Scholar
• Kopko PM, Fernando LP, Bonney EN, Freeman JL, Holland PV. (2001). HIV transmissions from a win-dow-period platelet donation. Am J Clin Pathol 116: 562–566.
   Google Scholar
• Kowalska MA, Ratajczak J, Hoxie J, Brass LF, Gewirtz A, Poncz M, Ratajczak MZ. (1999). Mega-karyocyte precursors, megakaryocytes and platelets express the HIV co-receptor CXCR4 on their sur-face: determination of response to stromal-derived factor-1 by megakaryocytes and platelets. Br J Hae-matol 104:220–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalska MA, Ratajczak MZ, Majka M, Jin J, Ku-napuli S, Brass L, Poncz M. (2000). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and macrophage-derived chemo-kine: 2 chemokines that activate platelets. Blood 96: 50–57.
   Google Scholar
• Kuijper PH, Gallardo Torres HI, Lammers JW, Sixma JJ, Koenderman L, Zwaginga JJ. (1997). Platelet and fibrin deposition at the damaged vessel wall: cooperative substrates for neutrophil adhesion under flow conditions. Blood 89:166–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane WJ, Dias S, Hattori K, Heissig B, Choy M, Rabbany SY, Wood J, Moore MA, Rafii S. (2000). Stromal-derived factor 1-induced megakaryocyte migration and platelet production is dependent on matrix metalloproteinases. Blood 96:4152–4159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanza F, Beretz A, Stierle A, Hanau D, Kubina M, Cazenave JP. (1988). Epinephrine potentiates hu-man platelet activation but is not an aggregating agent. Am J Physiol 255:H1276–H1288.
   Google Scholar
• Lee B, Ratajczak J, Doms RW, Gewirtz AM, Rataj-czak MZ. (1999). Coreceptor/chemokine receptor expression on human hematopoietic cells: biological implications for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection. Blood 93:1145–1156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Lee WH, Lee SC, Ahn KJ, Choi YH, Park SW, Seo JD, Park JE. (1999). CD4OL activation in circulating platelets in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Cardiology 92:11–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine J, Groopman J. (1998). Hemostatic compli-cations of HIV infection. In: Thrombosis, and Hem-orrhage (J Loscalzo and A Schafer, Eds.) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 1065-1076.
   Google Scholar
• Li N, Hu H, Lindqvist M, Wikstrom-Jonsson E, Goodall AH, Hjemdahl P. (2000). Platelet-leukocyte cross talk in whole blood. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:2702–2708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P. (2000). Changing concepts of atherogen-esis. J Intern Med 247:349–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locati M, Murphy PM. (1999). Chemokines and chemokine receptors: biology and clinical relevance in inflammation and AIDS. Annu Rev Med 50:425–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louache F, Bettaieb A, Henri A, Oksenhendler E, Farcet JP, Bierling P. Seligmann M, Vainchenker W. (1991). Infection of megakaryocytes by human im-munodeficiency virus in seropositive patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 78: 1697–1705.
   Google Scholar
• Louache F, Vainchenker W. (1994). Thrombocyto-penia in HIV infection. Curr Opin Hematol 1:369–372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luscinskas FW, Gerszten RE, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Lim YC, Yoshida M, Ding HA, Gimbrone MA Jr, Luster AD, Rosenzweig A. (2000). C-C and C-X-C chemokines trigger firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelium under flow conditions. Ann NY Acad Sci 902:288–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majka M, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Ratajczak J, Kowalska MA, Vilaire G, Pan ZK, Honczarenko M, Marquez LA, Poncz M, Ratajczak MZ. (2000). Stro-mal-derived factor 1 and thrombopoietin regulate distinct aspects of human megakaryopoiesis. Blood 96:4142–4151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malnati MS, Tambussi G, Clerici E, Polo S, Algeri M, Nardese V. Furci L, Lazzarin A, Lusso P. (1997). Increased plasma levels of the C-C chemokine RANTES in patients with primary HIV-1 infection. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 11:40–42.
   Google Scholar
• Marroni M, Gresele P. Vezza R, Papili R, Francisci D, De Socio G, Di Candilo F, Baldelli F, Fiorio M, Longo F, et al. (1995). Thrombocytopenia in HIV infected patients. Prevalence and clinical spectrum. Recenti Prog Med 86:103–106.
   Google Scholar
• McEver RP. (1990). Properties of GMP-140, an in-ducible granule membrane protein of platelets and endothelium. Blood Cells 16:73–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEver RP. (1991). GMP-140: a receptor for neu-trophils and monocytes on activated platelets and endothelium. J Cell Biochem 45:156–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEver RP. (1994). Role of selectins in leukocyte adhesion to platelets and endothelium. Ann N Y Acad Sci 714:185–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEver RP. (2001). Adhesive interactions of leuko-cytes, platelets, and the vessel wall during hemosta-sis and inflammation. Thromb Haemost 86:746–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellembakken JR, Solum NO, Ueland T, Videm V, Aukrust P. (2001). Increased concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand, RANTES and GRO-alpha in preeclampsia: possible role of platelet activation. Thromb Haemost 86:1272–1276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monte D, Groux H, Raharinivo B, Plouvier B, DewulfJ, Clavel T, Grangette C, Torpier G, Auriault C, Capron A, Ameisen JC (1992). Productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of megakaryo-cytic cells is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Blood 79:2670–2679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroi M, Jung SM. (1998). Integrin-mediated plate-let adhesion. Front Biosci 3:D719–D728.
   Google Scholar
• Murdoch C, Finn A. (2000). Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious dis-eases. Blood 95:3032–3043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najean Y, Rain JD. (1994). The mechanism of thrombocytopenia in patients with HIV infection. J Lab Clin Med 123:415–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura T, Jamieson GA, Okuma M, Kambayashi J, Tandon NN. (1998). Platelet adhesion to native type I collagen fibrils: role of GPVI in divalent cat-ion-dependent and -independent adhesion and thromboxane A2 generation. J Biol Chem 273: 4338–4344.
   Google Scholar
• Nardi M, Karpatkin S. (2000). Antiidiotype anti-body against platelet anti-GPIIIa contributes to the regulation of thrombocytopenia in HIV-1-ITP pa-tients. J Exp Med 191:2093–2100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nardi M, Tomlinson S, Greco MA, Karpatkin S. (2001). Complement-independent, peroxide-induced antibody lysis of platelets in HIV-1-related immune thrombocytopenia. Cell 106:551–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman DK, Hamilton C, Newman PJ. (2001). In-hibition of antigen-receptor signaling by Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31) re-quires functional ITIMs, SHP-2, and p56(lck). Blood 97:2351–2357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni H, Denis CV, Subbarao S, Degen JL, Sato TN, Hynes RO, Wagner DD. (2000). Persistence of platelet thrombus formation in arterioles of mice lacking both von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen. J Clin Invest 106:385–392.
   Google Scholar
• Niewiarowski S, Lipinski B, Farbiszewski R, Pop-lawski A. (1968). The release of platelet factor 4 during platelet aggregation and the possible signifi-cance of this reaction in hemostasis. Experientia 24: 343–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niewiarowski S, Thomas DP. (1969). Platelet factor 4 and adenosine diphosphate release during human platelet aggregation. Nature 222:1269–1270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niewiarowski S, Walz DA, James P, Rucinski B, Kueppers F. (1980). Identification and separation of secreted platelet proteins by isoelectric focusing: evi-dence that low-affinity platelet factor 4 is converted to beta-thromboglobulin by limited proteolysis. Blood 55:453–456.
   Google Scholar
• Nollert MU, Eskin SG, McIntire LV. (1990). Shear stress increases inositol trisphosphate levels in hu-man endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Corn-mun 170:281–287.
   Google Scholar
• Peerschke El, Lopez JA. (1998). Platelet mem-branes and receptors. In: Thrombosis, and Hemor-rhage (J Loscalzo and A Schafer, Eds.) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 229-260.
   Google Scholar
• Peled A, Grabovsky V, Habler L, Sandbank J, Aren-zana-Seisdedos F, Petit I, Ben-Hur H, Lapidot T, Alon R. (1999). The chemokine SDF-1 stimulates integrin-mediated arrest of CD34(+) cells on vascu-lar endothelium under shear flow. J Clin Invest 104: 1199–1211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peled A, Kollet O, Ponomaryov T, Petit I, Franitza S, Grabovsky V, Slav MM, Nagler A, Lider O, Alon R, Zipori D, Lapidot T. (2000). The chemokine SDF-1 activates the integrins LFA-1, VLA-4, and VLA-5 on immature human CD34(+) cells: role in transendothelial/stromal migration and engraftment of NOD/SCID mice. Blood 95:3289–3296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters MJ, Heyderman RS, Hatch DJ, Klein NJ. (1997). Investigation of platelet-neutrophil interac- tions in whole blood by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 209:125–135.
   Google Scholar
• Pitchford S, Page CP. (2002). Platelets and allergic diseases. In: Platelets in Thrombotic, and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (P Gresele, CP Page, V Fuster, and J Vermylen, Eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 852-868.
   Google Scholar
• Polanowska Grabowska R, Gear AR. (1992). High-speed platelet adhesion under conditions of rapid flow. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 89:5754–5758.
   Google Scholar
• Poubelle P, Borgeat P. (2002). Platelet interactions with other cells related to inflammatory diseases. In: Platelets in Thrombotic, and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (P Gresele, CP Page, V Fuster, J Vermylen, Eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 869–884.
   Google Scholar
• Power CA, Clemetson JM, Clemetson KJ, Wells TN. (1995). Chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in human platelets. Cytokine 7:479–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power CA, Meyer A, Nemeth K, Bacon KB, Hooge-werf AJ, Proudfoot AE, Wells TN. (1995). Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel CC che-mokine receptor cDNA from a human basophilic cell
   Google Scholar
• Proudfoot AE, Buser R, Borlat F, Alouani S, Soler D, Offord RE, Schroder JM, Power CA, Wells TN. (1999). Amino-terminally modified RANTES ana-logues demonstrate differential effects on RANTES receptors. J Biol Chem 274:32478–32485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudfoot AE, Power CA, Wells TN. (2000). The strategy of blocking the chemokine system to combat disease. Immunol Rev 177:246�256.
   Google Scholar
• Reape TJ, Groot PH. (1999). Chemokines and ath-
   Google Scholar
• Rendu F, Brohard-Bohn B. (2001). The platelet re-lease reaction: granules' constituents, secretion and functions. Platelets 12:261–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riviere C, Subra F, Cohen-Solal K, Cordette-Lagarde V, Letestu R, Auclair C, Vainchenker W, Louache F. (1999). Phenotypic and functional evidence for the expression of CXCR4 receptor during megakaryocytopoiesis. Blood 93:1511�1523.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Frade JM, Mellado M, Martinez AC. (2001). Chemokine receptor dimerization: two are better than one. Trends Immunol 22:612�617.
   Google Scholar
• Ross R. (1999). Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 340:115–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggeri ZM. (1997). Mechanisms initiating platelet thrombus formation. Thromb Haemost 78:611–
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggeri ZM. (2000). Role of von Willebrand factor in platelet thrombus formation. Ann Med 32:2–9.
   Google Scholar
• Scaradavou A. (2002). HIV-related thrombocytope-nia. Blood Rev 16:73–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secchiero P. Celeghini C, Cutroneo G, Di Baldas-sarre A, Rana R, Zauli G. (2000). Differential effects of stromal derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha) on early and late stages of human megakaryocytic de-velopment. Anat Rec 260:141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Segerer S, Nelson PJ, Schlondorff D. (2000). Che-mokines, chemokine receptors, and renal disease: from basic science to pathophysiologic and thera-peutic studies. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:152–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slupsky JR, Kalbas M, Willuweit A, Henn V, Kroc-zek RA, Muller-Berghaus G. (1998). Activated platelets induce tissue factor expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells by ligation of CD40. Thromb Haemost 80:1008–1014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen TL, Tani M, Jensen J, Pierce V, Lucchi-netti C, Folcik VA, Qin S, Rottman J, Sellebjerg F, Strieter RM, Frederiksen JL, Ransohoff RM. (1999). Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Invest 103:807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steen VM, Holmsen H, Aarbakke G. (1993). The platelet-stimulating effect of adrenaline through al-pha 2-adrenergic receptors requires simultaneous activation by a true stimulatory platelet agonist: evi-dence that adrenaline per se does not induce human platelet activation in vitro. Thromb Haemost 70: 506–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Jones JL, Ciesi-elski CA. (1997). Surveillance for thrombocytopenia in persons infected with HIV: results from the mul-tistate Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Project. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovi-rol 14:374–379.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suttitanamongkol S, Gear ARL. (2001). ADP recep-tor antagonists inhibit platelet aggregation induced by the chemokines SDF-1, MDC and TARC. FEBS Lett 490:84–87.
   Google Scholar
• Tandon NN, Kralisz U, Jamieson GA. (1989). Iden-tification of glycoprotein IV (CD36) as a primary receptor for platelet-collagen adhesion. J Biol Chem 264:7576–7583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor JR Jr, Kimbrell KC, Scoggins R, Delaney M, Wu L, Camerini D. (2001). Expression and function of chemokine receptors on human thymocytes: im-plications for infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 75:8752–8760.
   Google Scholar
• Thelen M. (2001). Dancing to the tune of chemo-kines. Nat Immunol 2:129–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Hundelshausen P. Weber KS, Huo Y, Proudfoot AE, Nelson PJ, Ley K, Weber C. (2001). Rantes deposition by platelets triggers monocyte arrest on inflamed and atherosclerotic endothelium. Circula-tion 103:1772–1777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wada T, Yokoyama H, Su SB, Mukaida N, Iwano M, Dohi K, Takahashi Y, Sasaki T, Furuichi K, Segawa C, Hisada Y, Ohta S, Takasawa K, Kobayashi K, Matsushima K. (1996). Monitoring urinary levels of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor reflects disease activity of lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 49: 761–767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JF, Liu ZY, Groopman JE. (1998). The al-pha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 is expressed on the megakaryocytic lineage from progenitor to platelets and modulates migration and adhesion. Blood 92: 756–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warkentin TE. (1999). Heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia: a ten-year retrospective. Annu Rev Med 50:129–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson SP, Asazuma N, Atkinson B, Berlanga O, Best D, Bobe R, Jarvis G, Marshall S, Snell D, Stafford M, Tulasne D, Wilde J, Wonerow P. Framp-ton J. (2001). The role of ITAM- and ITIM-coupled receptors in platelet activation by collagen. Thromb Haemost 86:276–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber C, Alon R, Moser B, Springer TA. (1996). Sequential regulation of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin avidity by CC chemokines in mono-cytes: implications for transendothelial chemotaxis. J Cell Biol 134:1063–1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss L, Si-Mohamed A, Giral P. Castiel P. Ledur A, Blondin C, Kazatchkine MD, Haeffner-Cavaillon N. (1997). Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 but not those of macrophage inhibitory protein-1 alpha and RANTES correlate with virus load in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 176:1621–1624.
   Google Scholar
• Weyrich AS, Elstad MR, McEver RP, McIntyre TM, Moore KL, Morrissey JH, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA. (1996). Activated platelets signal chemokine synthesis by human monocytes. J Clin Invest 97: 1525–1534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Furie BC, Furie B. (1999). The biology of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1: its role as a selectin counterreceptor in leukocyte-endothelial and leuko-cyte-platelet interaction. Thromb Haemost 81:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura T, Matsushima K, Tanaka S, Robinson EA, Appella E, Oppenheim JJ, Leonard EJ. (1987). Purification of a human monocyte-derived neutro-phil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 84:9233–9237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssefian T, Drouin A, Masse JM, Guichard J, Cra-mer EM. (2002). Host defense role of platelets: en-gulfment of HIV and Staphylococcus aureus occurs in a specific subcellular compartment and is en-hanced by platelet activation. Blood 99:4021–4029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanussi S, D'Andrea M, Simonelli C, Tirelli U, De Paoli P. (1996). Serum levels of RANTES and MIP-1 alpha in HIV-positive long-term survivors and progressor patients. AIDS 10:1431–1432.
   Google Scholar
• Zauli G, Re MC, Gugliotta L, Visani G, Vianelli N, Furlini G, La Placa M. (1991). Lack of compensa-tory megakaryocytopoiesis in HIV-1-seropositive thrombocytopenic individuals compared with im-mune thrombocytopenic purpura patients. AIDS 5: 1345–1350.
   Google Scholar
• Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. (2000). Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Im-munity 12:121–127.
   Google Scholar
• Zucker Franklin D, Cao YZ. (1989). Megakaryo-cytes of human immunodeficiency virus-infected in-dividuals express viral RNA. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 86:5595–5599.
   Google Scholar