Pituitary radiographic abnormalities and clinical correlates of hypogonadism in elderly males presenting with erectile dysfunction

References

• Davidson JM, Chen JJ, Crapo L, Gray GD, Greenleaf WJ, Catania JA. Hormonal changes and sexual function in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;57:71–7
   Google Scholar
• Tsitouras PD, Martin CE, Harman SM. Relation- ship of serum testosterone to sexual activity in healthy elderly men. J Gerontol 1982;37:288–93
   Google Scholar
• Hakim LS, Goldstein I. Diabetic sexual dysfunc- tion. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1996;25:379–400
   Google Scholar
• Carter JN, Tyson JE, Tolis G, Van Vliet S, Faiman C, Friesen HG. Prolactin-secreting tumors and hypogonadism in 22 men. N Engl J Med 1978;16:847–51
   Google Scholar
• Baskin HJ. Endocrinologic evaluation of impot- ence. South Med J 1989;82:446–9
   Google Scholar
• Whitcom RW, Crowley WF. Male hypo- gonadotrophic hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1993;22:125–43
   Google Scholar
• Nachtigall LB, Boepple PA, Pralong FP, Crowley WF. Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism – a treatable form of male infertility. N Engl J Med 1997;336:410–15
   Google Scholar
• Slag MF, Morley JE, Elson MK, et al. Impotence in medical clinic outpatients. J Am Med Assoc 1983; 249:1736–40
   Google Scholar
• Gray A, Feldman HA, McKinlay JB, Longcope C. Age, disease, and changing sex hormone levels in middle-aged men: results of the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1016–25
   Google Scholar
• Morley JE, Kaiser FE, Perry HM, Patrick P, Morley PM, Stauber PM. Longitudinal changes in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle- stimulating hormone in healthy older men. Metabo- lism 1997;46:410–16
   Google Scholar
• Plymate SR, Tenover JS, Brenner WJ. Circadian variation in testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and calculated non-sex-hormone binding globulin bound testosterone in healthy young and elderly men. J Androl 1989;10:366–71
   Google Scholar
• Korenman SG, Morley JE, Mooradian AD, Davis SS, Kaiser FE, Silver AJ, et al. Secondary hypo- gonadism in older men: its relation to impotence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:963–9
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser FE, Viosca SP, Morley JE, Mooradian AD, Davis SS, Korenman SG. Impotence and aging: clinical and hormonal factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:511–19
   Google Scholar
• Citron JT, Ettinger B, Rubinoff H, Ettinger VM, Minkoff J, Hom F, et al. Prevalence of hypothalamic–pituitary imaging abnormalities in impotent men with secondary hypogonadism. J Urol 1996;155:529–33
   Google Scholar
• Hall WA, Luciano MG, Doppman JI, Patronas NJ, Oldfield EH. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:817–20
   Google Scholar
• Gold EB. Epidemiology of pituitary adenomas. Epidemiol Rev 1981;3:163–83
   Google Scholar
• Wilson CB. A decade of pituitary microsurgery. The Herbert Olivecrona lecture. J Neurosurg 1984; 62:814–33
   Google Scholar
• Lechner H, Schmidt R, Bertha G, Justich E, Offenbacher H, Schneider G. Nuclear magnetic resonance image white matter lesions and risk factors for stroke in normal individuals. Stroke 1988; 19:263–5
   Google Scholar
• Meyer JS, Rauch GM, Crawford K, Rauch RA, Konno S, Akiyama H, et al. Risk factors accelerat- ing cerebral degenerative changes, cognitive decline and dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr 1999; 14:1050–61
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Reinhart B, Kapelier P, Fazekas G, Offenbacher H, et al. Estrogen replace- ment therapy in older women: a neuro- psychological and brain MRI study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:1307–13
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheim DS, Greenspan SL, Zervas NT, Schoenfeld DA, Klibanski A. Elevated serum lipids in hypogonadal men with and without hyperpro- lactinemia. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:288–92
   Google Scholar
• Bagatell CJ, Bremner WJ. Androgen and progesta- gen effect of plasma lipids. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1995;38:255–71
   Google Scholar
• Kelepouris N, Harper KD, Gannon F, Kaplan FS, Haddad JG. Severe osteoporosis in men. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:452–60
   Google Scholar
• Eastel R, Boyle IT, Compston J, et al. Management of male osteoporosis: report of the UK Consensus Group. Q J Med 1998;91:71–92
   Google Scholar
• Winters SJ, Troen P. Episodic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and the response of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone to LH-releasing hormone in aged men: evidence for coexistent primary testicular insufficiency and an impairment in gonadotropin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;55:560–5
   Google Scholar
• Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM, Deslypere JP, et al. Attenuated luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse ampli- tude but normal LH pulse frequency, and its relation to plasma androgens in hypogonadism of obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:1140–6
   Google Scholar
• Tibblin G, Adlerberth A, Lindstedt G. The pituitary–gonadal axis and health in elderly men: a study of men born in 1913. Diabetes 1996;45:1605–9
   Google Scholar
• Veldhuis JD, Urban RJ, Lizarralde G, Bjorntorp P. Attenuation of luteinizing hormone secretory burst amplitude as a proximate basis for the hypo- androgenism of healthy aging in men. J Clin Endo- crinol Metab 1992;75:707–13
   Google Scholar
• Veldhuis JD, Urban RJ, Dufau ML. Differential responses to biologically active luteinizing hormone secretion in older versus young men to interruption of androgen negative feedback. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1763–70
   Google Scholar
• Hull JE, Lavoie HB, Marsh EE, Martin KA. Decrease in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency with aging in postmeno- pausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1794–800
   Google Scholar
• Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM. Ageing of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in men. Horm Res 1995;43:25–8
   Google Scholar
• Plymate SR, Tenover JS, Bremner WJ. Circadian variation in testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and calculated non-sex hormone binding globulin bound testosterone in healthy young and elderly men. J Androl 1989;10:366–71
   Google Scholar
• Bremner WJ, Vitiello MV, Prinz PN. Loss of circadian rhythmicity in blood testosterone levels with aging in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;56:1278–85
   Google Scholar