436
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Conditional Bias of Point Estimates Following a Group Sequential Test

, &
Pages 505-530 | Received 01 Jun 2003, Accepted 01 Sep 2003, Published online: 02 Feb 2007

References

  • Armitage , P. , McPherson , C. K. and Rowe , B. C. 1969 . Repeated significance tests on accumulating data . J. Roy. Statist. Soc. , A132 : 235 – 244 .
  • Chang , M. N. 1989 . Confidence intervals for a normal mean following a group sequential test . Biometrics , 45 : 247 – 254 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Emerson , S. 1993 . Computation of the uniform minimum variance unbiased estimator of a normal mean following a group sequential test . Comput. Biomed. Res. , 26 : 69 – 73 . [CROSSREF]
  • Emerson , S. and Fleming , T. 1990 . Parameter estimation following group sequential hypothesis testing . Biometrika , 77 : 875 – 892 .
  • Hughes , M. D. and Pocock , S. J. 1989 . Stopping rules and estimation problems in clinical trials . Statist. Med. , 7 : 1231 – 1242 .
  • Kim , K. 1989 . Point estimation following group sequential tests . Biometrics , 45 : 613 – 617 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Lan , K. K. G. and DeMets , D. L. 1983 . Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials . Biometrika , 70 : 659 – 663 .
  • Lan , K. K. G. and Zucker , D. 1993 . Sequential monitoring of clinical trials: The role of information in Brownian Motion . Statist. Med. , 12 : 753 – 765 .
  • Lan , K. K. G. , Reboussin , D. M. and DeMets , D. L. 1994 . Information and information fractions for design and sequential monitoring of clinical trials . Commun. Statist. – Theory Method , 23 ( 2 ) : 403 – 420 .
  • Liu , A. and Hall , W. J. 1999 . Unbiased estimation following a group sequential test . Biometrika , 86 : 71 – 78 . [CROSSREF]
  • MERIT-HF Study Group. (1999). Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metroprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353:2001–2007
  • O’Brien , P. C. and Fleming , T. R. 1979 . A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials . Biometrics , 35 : 549 – 556 .
  • Packer , M. et al. 2001 . Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure . N. Engl. J. Med. , 344 : 1651 – 1658 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Pinherio , J. C. and DeMets , D. L. 1997 . Estimating and reducing bias in group sequential designs with Gaussian independent increment structure . Biometrika , 84 : 831 – 845 . [CROSSREF]
  • Pocock , S. J. 1977 . Group sequential methods in the design and analysis of clinical trials . Biometrika , 64 : 191 – 200 .
  • Pocock , S. J. and Hughes , M. D. 1989 . Pratical problems in interim analyses, with particular regard to estimation . Control. Clin. Trials , 10 : 209S – 221S . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
  • Sellke , T. and Siegmund , D. 1983 . Sequential analysis of proportional hazards model . Biometrika , 70 : 315 – 326 .
  • Slud , E. V. 1984 . Sequential linear rank tests for two-sample censored survival data . Ann. Statist. , 12 : 551 – 571 .
  • Tisatis , A. A. 1982 . Repeated significance testing for a general class of statistics used in censored survival analysis . J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , 77 : 855 – 861 .
  • Whitehead , J. 1986 . On the bias of maximum likelihood estimation following a sequential test . Biometrika , 73 : 573 – 581 .
  • Whitehead , J. 1997 . The Design and Analysis of Sequential Clinical Trials , 2nd ed. J. Wiley & Sons .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.