Publication Cover
Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 18, 2001 - Issue 3
212
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

MULTIPLE OSCILLATORS IN THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

, &
Pages 371-387 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Pittendrigh C. S. Circadian Rhythms and the Circadian Organization of Living Systems. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 1960; 25: 159–182
  • Moore R. Y., Eichler V. B. Loss of a Circadian Adrenal Corticosterone Rhythm Following Suprachiasmatic Lesions in Rat. Brain Res. 1972; 42(1)201–206
  • Stephan F. K., Zucker I. Circadian Rhythms in Drinking Behavior and Locomotor Activity of Rats Are Eliminated by Hypothalamic Lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1972; 69(6)1583–1586
  • Inouye S. T., Kawamura H. Persistence of Circadian Rhythmicity in a Mammalian Hypothalamic “Island” Containing the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1979; 76(11)5962–5966
  • van den Pol A. N. The Hypothalamic Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Rat: Intrinsic Anatomy. J. Comp. Neurol. 1980; 191(4)661–702
  • Shinohara K., Honma S., Katsuno Y., Abe H., Honma K. Two Distinct Oscillators in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus In Vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995; 92(16)7396–7400
  • Vandesande F., Dierickx K., DeMey J. Identification of the Vasopressin-Neurophysin Producing Neurons of the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nuclei. Cell Tissue Res. 1975; 156(3)377–380
  • van den Pol A. N., Tsujimoto K. L. Neurotransmitters of the Hypothalamic Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Immunocytochemical Analysis of 25 Neuronal Antigens. Neuroscience 1985; 15(4)1049–1086
  • Card J. P., Brecha N., Karten H. J., Moore R. Y. Immunocytochemical Localization of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-Containing Cells and Processes in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Rat: Light and Electron Microscopic Analysis. J. Neurosci. 1981; 1(11)1289–1303
  • Card J. P., Fitzpatrick-McElligott S., Gozes I., Baldino F. Jr. Localization of Vasopressin-, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-, Peptide Histidine Isoleucine- and Somatostatin-mRNA in Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Cell Tissue Res. 1988; 252(2)307–315
  • Yamazaki S., Numano R., Abe M., Hida A., Takahashi R., Ueda M., Block G. D., Sakaki Y., Menaker M., Tei H. Resetting Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Transgenic Rats. Science 2000; 288(5466)682–685
  • Tei H., Okamura H., Shigeyoshi Y., Fukuhara C., Ozawa R., Hirose M., Sakaki Y. Circadian Oscillation of a Mammalian Homologue of the Drosophila period Gene. Nature 1997; 389(6650)512–516
  • Welsh D. K., Logothetis D. E., Meister M., Reppert S. M. Individual Neurons Dissociated from Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Express Independently Phased Circadian Firing Rhythms. Neuron 1995; 14(4)697–706
  • Liu C., Weaver D. R., Strogatz S. H., Reppert S. M. Cellular Construction of a Circadian Clock: Period Determination in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei. Cell 1997; 91(6)855–860
  • Herzog E. D., Geusz M. E., Khalsa S. B., Straume M., Block G. D. Circadian Rhythms in Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Explants on Multimicroelectrode Plates. Brain Res. 1997; 757(2)285–290
  • Honma S., Shirakawa T., Katsuno Y., Namihira M., Honma K. Circadian Periods of Single Suprachiasmatic Neurons in Rats. Neurosci Lett. 1998; 250(3)157–160
  • Murakami N., Takamure M., Takahashi K., Utsunomiya K., Kuroda H., Etoh T. Long-Term Cultured Neurons from Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Retain the Capacity for Circadian Oscillation of Vasopressin Release. Brain Res. 1991; 545(1–2)347–350
  • Watanabe K., Koibuchi N., Ohtake H., Yamaoka S. Circadian Rhythms of Vasopressin Release in Primary Cultures of Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Brain Res. 1993; 624(1–2)115–120
  • Honma S., Katsuno Y., Tanahashi Y., Abe H., Honma K. Circadian Rhythms of Arginine Vasopressin and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Do Not Depend on Cytoarchitecture of Dispersed Cell Culture of Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neuroscience 1998; 86(3)967–976
  • Shirakawa T., Honma S., Katsuno Y., Oguchi H., Honma K. Synchronization of Circadian Firing Rhythms in Cultured Rat Suprachiasmatic Neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2000; 12(8)2833–2838
  • Kuhlman S. J., McMahon D. G. Dynamic Gene Expression and Neuronal Firing Simultaneously Monitored in SCN Neurons of the Biological Clock. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2000; 26: 304–309
  • van den Pol A. N. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Morphological and Cytochemical Substrates for Cellular Interaction. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. The Mind's Clock, R. Y. Moore, D. C. Klein, S. M. Reppert. Oxford University Press:, New York 1991; 17–50
  • Okamura H., Berod A., Julien J. F., Geffard M., Kitahama K., Mallet J., Bobillier P. Demonstration of GABAergic Cell Bodies in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: In Situ Hybridization of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA and Immunocytochemistry of GAD and GABA. Neurosci. Lett. 1989; 102(2–3)131–136
  • Kim Y. I., Dudek F. E. Intracellular Electrophysiological Study of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons in Rodents: Inhibitory Synaptic Mechanisms. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1992; 458: 247–260
  • Moore R. Y., Speh J. C. GABA Is the Principal Neurotransmitter of the Circadian System. Neurosci. Lett. 1993; 150(1)112–116
  • Sakanaka M., Magari S., Inoue N., Lederis K. Co-localization of Arginine Vasopressin- and Enkephalin-like Immunoreactivities in Nerve Cells of the Rat Hypothalamus. Cell Tissue Res. 1990; 260(3)549–554
  • Silver R., Romero M. T., Besmer H. R., Leak R., Nunez J. M., LeSauter J. Calbindin- D28K Cells in the Hamster SCN Express Light-Induced Fos. Neuroreport 1996; 7(6)1224–1228
  • Arvanitogiannis A., Robinson B., Beaule C., Amir S. Calbindin-D28k Immunoreactivity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and the Circadian Response to Constant Light in the Rat. Neuroscience 2000; 99(3)397–401
  • Mikkelsen J. D., Larsen P. J. Substance P in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Rat: An Immunohistochemical and In Situ Hybridization Study. Histochemistry 1993; 100(1)3–16
  • Reuss S., Decker K., Hodl P., Sraka S. Anterograde Neuronal Tracing of Retinohypothalamic Projections in the Hamster–Possible Innervation of Substance PContaining Neurons in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neurosci. Lett. 1994; 174(1)51–54
  • Watts A. G. The Efferent Projections of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Anatomical Insights into the Control of Circadian Rhythms. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. The Mind's Clock, D. C. Klein, R. Y. Moore, S. M. Reppert. Oxford University Press:, New York 1991; 77–106
  • van der Beek E. M., Horvath T. L., Wiegant V. M., van den Hurk R., Buijs R. M. Evidence for a Direct Neuronal Pathway from the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus to the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone System: Combined Tracing and Light and Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemical Studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997; 384(4)569–579
  • van Esseveldt L. K.E., Lehman M. N., Boer G. J. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and the Circadian Time-Keeping System Revisited. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 2000; 33(1)34–77
  • Moore R. Y., Card J. P. Intergeniculate Leaflet: An Anatomically and Functionally Distinct Subdivision of the Lateral Geniculate Complex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994; 344(3)403–430
  • Janik D., Mrosovsky N. Intergeniculate Leaflet Lesions and Behaviorally- Induced Shifts of Circadian Rhythms. Brain Res. 1994; 651(1–2)174–182
  • Hannibal J., Ding J. M., Chen D., Fahrenkrug J., Larsen P. J., Gillette M. U., Mikkelsen J. D. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) in the Retinohypothalamic Tract: A Potential Daytime Regulator of the Biological Clock. J. Neurosci. 1997; 17(7)2637–2644
  • Takatsuji K., Miguel-Hidalgo J. J., Tohyama M. Substance P-Immunoreactive Innervation from the Retina to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Rat. Brain Res. 1991; 568(1–2)223–229
  • Pickard G. E., Rea M. A. Serotonergic Innervation of the Hypothalamic Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Photic Regulation of Circadian Rhythms. Biol. Cell 1997; 89(8)513–523
  • Albers H. E., Minamitani N., Stopa E., Ferris C. F. Light Selectively Alters Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine Immunoreactivity Within the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Brain Res. 1987; 437(1)189–192
  • Albers H. E., Stopa E. G., Zoeller R. T., Kauer J. S., King J. C., Fink J. S., Mobtaker H., Wolfe H. Day-Night Variation in Prepro Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine mRNA Within the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 1990; 7(1)85–89
  • Shinohara K., Tominaga K., Isobe Y., Inouye S. T. Photic Regulation of Peptides Located in the Ventrolateral Subdivision of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Rat: Daily Variations of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, and Neuropeptide. Y. J. Neurosci. 1993; 13(2)793–800
  • Swanson L. W., Cowen W. M., Jones E. F. An Autoradiographic Study of the Efferent Connections of the Ventral Geniculate Nucleus in the Albino Rat and Cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1974; 156(2)143–163
  • Cagampang F. R.A., Yang J., Nakayama Y., Fukuhara C., Inouye S. T. Circadian Variation of Arginine-Vasopressin Messenger RNA in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 1994; 24(1–4)179–184
  • Shigeyoshi Y., Taguchi K., Yamamoto S., Takekida S., Yan L., Tei H., Moriya T., Shibata S., Loros J. J., Dunlap J. C., Okamura H. Light-Induced Resetting of a Mammalian Circadian Clock Is Associated with Rapid Induction of the mPer1. Transcript. Cell 1997; 91(7)1043–1053
  • Albrecht U., Sun Z. S., Eichele G., Lee C. C. A Differential Response of Two Putative Mammalian Circadian Regulators, mper1 and mper2, to Light. Cell. 1997; 91(7)1055–1064
  • Rusak B., Robertson H. A., Wisden W., Hunt S. P. Light Pulses that Shift Rhythms Induce Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Science 1990; 248(4960)1237–1240
  • Aronin N., Sagar S. M., Sharp F. R., Schwartz W. J. Light Regulates Expression of a Fos-Related Protein in Rat Suprachiasmatic Nuclei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87(15)5959–5962
  • Kornhauser J. M., Nelson D. E., Mayo K. E., Takahashi J. S. Photic and Circadian Regulation of c-fos Gene Expression in the Hamster Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neuron 1990; 5(2)127–134
  • Inouye S. T., Shibata S. Neurochemical Organization of Circadian Rhythm in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neurosci. Res. 1994; 20(2)109–130
  • Moga M. M., Moore R. Y. Organization of Neural Inputs to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997; 389(3)508–534
  • Jin X., Shearman L. P., Weaver D. R., Zylka M. J., de Vries G. J., Reppert S. M. A Molecular Mechanism Regulating Rhythmic Output from the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Clock. Cell 1999; 96(1)57–68
  • Vitaterna M. H., King D. P., Chang A. M., Kornhauser J. M., Lowrey P. L., Mc- Donald J. D., Dove W. F., Pinto L. H., Turek F. W., Takahashi J. S. Mutagenesis and Mapping of a Mouse Gene, Clock, Essential for Circadian Behavior. Science 1994; 264(5159)719–725
  • King D. P., Zhao Y., Sangoram A. M., Wilsbacher L. D., Tanaka M., Antoch M. P., Steeves T. D., Vitaterna M. H., Kornhauser J. M., Lowrey P. L., Turek F. W., Takahashi J. S. Positional Cloning of the Mouse Circadian Clock Gene. Cell 1997; 89(4)641–653
  • Ikeda M., Nomura M. cDNA Cloning and Tissue-Specific Expression of a Novel Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/PAS Protein (BMAL1) and Identification of Alternatively Spliced Variants with Alternative Translation Initiation Site Usage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997; 233(1)258–264
  • Kuhlman S. J., Quintero J. E., McMahon D. G. GFP Fluorescence Reports Period 1 Circadian Gene Regulation in the Mammalian Biological Clock. Neuroreport 2000; 11(7)1479–1482
  • Peterson G. M., Watkins W. B., Moore R. Y. The Suprachiasmatic Hypothalamic Nuclei of the Rat. VI. Vasopressin Neurons and Circadian Rhythmicity. Behav. Neural Biol. 1980; 29(2)236–245
  • Groblewski T. A., Nunez A. A., Gold R. M. Circadian Rhythms in Vasopressin Deficient Rats. Brain Res. Bull. 1981; 6(2)125–130
  • Meijer J. H., Watanabe K., Schaap J., Albus H., Détári L. Light Responsiveness of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Long-Term Multiunit and Single-Unit Recordings in Freely Moving Rats. J. Neurosci. 1998; 18(21)9078–9087
  • Yamazaki S., Kerbeshian M. C., Hocker C. G., Block G. D., Menaker M. Rhythmic Properties of the Hamster Suprachiasmatic Nucleus In Vivo. J. Neurosci. 1998; 18(24)10709–10723
  • Green D. J., Gillette R. Circadian Rhythm of Firing Rate Recorded from Single Cells in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Brain Slice. Brain Res. 1982; 245(1)198–200
  • Shibata S., Liou S., Ueki S., Oomura Y. Influence of Environmental Light- Dark Cycle and Enucleation on Activity of Suprachiasmatic Neurons in Slice Preparations. Brain Res. 1984; 302(1)75–81
  • Prosser R. A., Gillette M. U. The Mammalian Circadian Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Is Reset In Vitro by cAMP. J. Neurosci. 1989; 9(3)1073–1081
  • Jiang Z. G., Yang Y.-Q., Liu Z. P., Allen C. N. Membrane Properties and Synaptic Inputs of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons in Rat Brain Slices. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1997; 499(1)141–159
  • de Jeu M., Hermes M., Pennartz C. Circadian Modulation of Membrane Properties in Slices of Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neuroreport 1998; 9(16)3725–3729
  • Colwell C. S. Circadian Modulation of Calcium Levels in Cells in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2000; 12(2)571–576
  • Gekakis N., Staknis D., Nguyen H. B., Davis F. C., Wilsbacher L. D., King D. P., Takahashi J. S., Weitz C. J. Role of the CLOCK Protein in the Mammalian Circadian Mechanism. Science 1998; 280(5369)1564–1569
  • Shearman L. P., Sriram S., Weaver D. R., Maywood E. S., Chaves I., Zheng B., Kume K., Lee C. C., van der Horst G. T.J., Hastings M. H., Reppert S. M. Interacting Molecular Loops in the Mammalian Circadian Clock. Science 2000; 288(5468)1013–1019
  • Zheng B., Larkin D. W., Albrecht U., Sun Z. S., Sage M., Eichele G., Lee C. C., Bradley A. The mPer2 Gene Encodes a Functional Component of the Mammalian Circadian Clock. Nature 1999; 400(6740)169–173
  • van der Horst G. T., Muijtjens M., Kobayashi K., Takano R., Kanno S., Takao M., de Wit J., Verkerk A., Eker A. P., van Leenen D., Buijs R., Bootsma D., Hoeijmakers J. H., Yasui A. Mammalian Cry1 and Cry2 Are Essential for Maintenance of Circadian Rhythms. Nature 1999; 398(6728)627–630
  • Honma S., Shirakawa T., Nakamura W., Honma K. Synaptic Communication of Cellular Oscillations in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 2000; 294(2)113–116
  • Earnest D. J., Digiorgio S. M., Sladek C. D. Effects of Tetrodotoxin on the Circadian Pacemaker Mechanism in Suprachiasmatic Explants In Vitro. Brain Res. Bull. 1991; 26(5)677–682
  • Shibata S., Moore R. Y. Tetrodotoxin Does Not Affect Circadian Rhythms in Neuronal Activity and Metabolism in Rodent Suprachiasmatic Nucleus In Vitro. Brain Res. 1993; 606(2)259–266
  • Schwartz W. J., Gross R. A., Morton M. T. The Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Contain a Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Circadian Pacemaker. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987; 84(6)1694–1698
  • Schwartz W. J. Further Evaluation of the Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Circadian Pacemaker in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei. J. Biol. Rhythms 1991; 6(2)149–158
  • Bouskila Y., Dudek F. E. Neuronal Synchronization Without Calcium-Dependent Synaptic Transmission in the Hypothalamus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993; 90(8)3207–3210
  • Pavlidis T. Mathematical Model. Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology. 4. Biological Rhythms, J. Aschoff. Plenum Press:, New York 1998; 41–54
  • Liu C., Reppert S. M. GABA Synchronizes Clock Cells Within the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Clock. Neuron 2000; 25(1)123–128
  • Shinohara K., Hiruma H., Funabashi T., Kimura F. GABAergic Modulation of Gap Junction Communication in Slice Cultures of the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neuroscience 2000; 96(3)591–596
  • Colwell C. S. Rhythmic Coupling Among Cells in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J. Neurobiol. 2000; 43(4)379–388
  • Strecker G. J., Wuarin J.-P., Dudek F. E. GABAA-Mediated Local Synaptic Pathways Connect Neurons in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 1997; 78(4)2217–2220
  • Wagner S., Castel M., Gainer H., Yarom Y. GABA in the Mammalian Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Its Role in Diurnal Rhythmicity. Nature 1997; 387(6633)598–603
  • Gribkoff V. K., Pieschl R. L., Wisialowski T. A., Park W. K., Strecker G. J., de Jeu M. T.G., Pennartz C. M.A., Dudek F. E. A Reexamination of the Role of GABA in the Mammalian Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J. Biol. Rhythms 1999; 14(2)126–130
  • Galarreta M., Hestrin S. A Network of Fast-Spiking Cells in the Neocortex Connected by Electrical Synapses. Nature 1999; 402(6757)72–75
  • Gibson J. R., Beierlein M., Connors B. W. Two Networks of Electrically Coupled Inhibitory Neurons in Neocortex. Nature 1999; 402: 75–79
  • Tamás G., Buhl E. H., Lörincz A., Somogyi P. Proximally Targeted GABAergic Synapses and Gap Junctions Synchronize Cortical Interneurons. Nat. Neurosci. 2000; 3(4)366–371
  • Schwartz W. J., Lydic R., Moore-Ede M. C. In Vivo Metabolic Activity of the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei: Non-uniform Intranuclear Distribution of 14C-Labeled Deoxyglucose Uptake. Brain Res. 1987; 424(2)249–257
  • Güldner F. H., Wolff J. R. Complex Synaptic Arrangements in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: A Possible Basis for the “Zeitgeber” and Non-synaptic Synchronization of Neuronal Activity. Cell Tissue Res. 1996; 284(2)203–214
  • Jacomy H., Burlet A., Bosler O. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Neurons as Synaptic Targets for Vasopressin Neurons in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Double-Label Immunocytochemical Demonstration in the Rat. Neuroscience 1999; 88(3)859–870
  • Shen H., Watanabe M., Tomasiewicz H., Rutishauser U., Magnuson T., Glass J. D. Role of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and Polysialic Acid in Mouse Circadian Clock Function. J. Neurosci. 1997; 17(13)5221–5229
  • Dityatev A., Dityateva G., Schachner M. Synaptic Strength as a Function of Post- Versus Presynaptic Expression of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM. Neuron 2000; 26(1)207–217
  • Glass J. D., Shen H., Fedorkova L., Chen L., Tomasiewicz H., Watanabe M. Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Modulates Photic Signaling in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neurosci. Lett. 2000; 280(3)207–210
  • de la Iglesia H. O., Meyer J., Carpino A., Jr., Schwartz W. J. Antiphase Oscillation of the Left and Right Suprachiasmatic Nuclei. Science 2000; 290(5492)799–801
  • Abe H., Honma S., Honma K., Suzuki T., Ebihara S. Functional Diversities of Two Activity Components of Circadian Rhythm in Genetical Splitting Mice (CS Strain). J. Comp. Physiol. [A] 1999; 184 3: 243–251
  • Herzog E. D., Takahashi J. S., Block G. D. Clock Controls Circadian Period in Isolated Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons. Nature Neurosci. 1998; 1(8)708–713
  • Belenky M., Wagner S., Yarom Y., Matzner H., Cohen S., Castel M. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Stationary Organotypic Culture. Neuroscience 1996; 70(1)127–143
  • van den Pol A. N., Dudek F. E. Cellular Communication in the Circadian Clock, the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neuroscience 1993; 56(4)793–811
  • Watanabe K., Vanecek J., Yamaoka S. In Vitro Entrainment of the Circadian Rhythm of Vasopressin-Releasing Cells in Suprachiasmatic Nucleus by Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide. Brain Res. 2000; 877(2)361–366
  • Allen G., Rappe J., Cassone V., Earnest D. Oscillating on Borrowed Time: Cellular Outputs from SCN2.2 Cells Are Necessary for Rhythmicity in NIH-3T3 Fibroblasts. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2000; 26: 787–792
  • Jiang Z. G., Yang Y.-Q., Allen C. N. Tracer and Electrical Coupling of Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons. Neuroscience 1997; 77(4)1059–1066
  • Fukuda T., Kosaka T. Gap Junctions Linking the Dendritic Network of GABAergic Interneurons in the Hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 2000; 20(4)1519–1528
  • Prosser R. A., Edgar D. M., Heller H. C., Miller J. D. A Possible Glial Role in the Mammalian Circadian Clock. Brain Res. 1994; 643(1–2)296–301
  • Quandt F. N., MacVicar B. A. Calcium Activated Potassium Channels in Cultured Astrocytes. Neuroscience 1986; 19: 29–41
  • Haak L. L., Heller H. C., van den Pol A. N. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation Modulates Kainate and Serotonin Calcium Response in Astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 1997; 17(5)1825–1837
  • Caillol M., Devinoy E., Lacroix M. C., Schirar A. Endothelial and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthases Are Present in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Syrian Hamsters and Rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2000; 12(2)649–661
  • Lavialle M., Servière J. Circadian Fluctuations in GFAP Distribution in the Syrian Hamster Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neuroreport 1993; 4(11)1243–1246

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.