References
- Turner S W, Wen C, Li M, Fraser T B, Whitworth J A. Adrenocorticotrophin dose‐response relationships in the rat haemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal effects. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 593–600, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Turner S W, Wen C, Li M, Whitworth J A. l‐arginine prevents corticotropin‐induced increases in blood pressure in the rat. Hypertension 1996; 27: 184–189, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wen C, Li M, Whitworth J A. Role of nitric oxide in adrenocorticotrophin‐induced hypertension: l‐arginine effects reversed by n‐nitro‐l‐arginine. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2000; 27: 887–890, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Simmons W W, Longrois D U, Smith G K, Smith T W, Kelly R A. Glucocorticoids regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase by inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and l‐arginine transport. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 23928–23937, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Johns D G, Dorrance A M, Tramontini N L, Webb R C. Glucocorticoids inhibit tetrahydrobiopterin‐dependent endothelial function. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001; 226: 27–31
- Hattori Y, Akimoto K, Nakanishi N, Kasai K. Glucocorticoid regulation of nitric oxide and tetrahydrobiopterin in a rat model of endotoxic shock. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 17(240)298–303, [CROSSREF]
- Pluss C, Werner E R, Wachter H, Pfeilschifter J. Differential effect of dexamethasone on interleukin 1beta‐ and cyclic AMP‐triggered expression of GTP cyclohydrolase I in rat renal mesangial cells. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122: 534–538, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Consentino F, Lüscher T F. Tetrahydrobiopterin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 43: 274–278, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Andrew P, Mayer B. Enzymatic function of nitric oxide synthases. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 43: 521–531, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Tiefenbacher C P, Chilian W M, Mitchell M, DeFily D V. Restoration of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation after reperfusion injury by tetrahydrobiopterin. Circulation 1996; 94: 1423–1429, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Schaffner A, Blau N, Schneemann M, Steurer J, Egell C JS, Schoedon G. Tetrahydrobiopterin as another EDRF in man. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 205: 516–523, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Rosenkranz‐Weiss P, Sessa W C, Milstien S, Kaufman S, Watson C A, Pober J S. Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by proinflammotory cytokines in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 2236–2243, [CSA]
- Rosenblum W I. Tetrahydrobiopterin, a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase, produces endothelium‐dependent dilation of mouse pial arterioles. Stroke 1997; 28: 186–189, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Schoedon G, Blau N, Schneemann M, Flury G, Schaffner A. Nitric oxide production depends on preceding tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis by endothelial cells: selective suppression of induced nitric oxide production by sepiapterin reductase inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 199: 504–510, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hevel J M, Marletta M A. Macrophage nitric oxide synthase relationship between enzyme‐bound tetrahydrobiopterin and synthase activity. Biochemistry 1992; 31: 7160–7165, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Pou S, Pou W S, Bredt D S, Snyder S H, Rosen G M. Generation of superoxid by purified brain nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 24173–24176, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Shinozaki K, Nishio Y, Okamura T, Yoshida Y, Maegawa H, Kojima H, Masada M, Toda N, Kikkawa R, Kashiwagi A. Oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin prevents endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in the aortas of insulin‐resistant rats. Circ Res 2000; 87: 566–573, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Hong H J, Hsiao G, Cheng T H, Yen M H. Supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin suppresses the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2001; 38: 1044–1048, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Armarego W LF, Waring P, Paal B. The absolute configuration at C6 of natural 2‐amino‐6‐[(1′R,2′S)1′.2′‐dihydroxypropy]‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropteridin‐4(3H)‐one (l‐erythro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobiopterin). Pterins VIII. Aust J Chem 1982; 35: 785–793
- Armarego W LF, Randles D, Taguchi H, Whittaker M J. The conformations of (6R)‐ and (6S)‐2‐amino‐6‐[(1′R,2′S)‐1′.2′‐dihydroxypropyl]‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropteridin‐4(3H)‐one [l‐erythro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobiopterin] Hydrochlorides and their tetraacetyl derivatives. Pterins IX. Aust J Chem 1984; 37: 355–366
- Matsubara Y, Heininger J A, Lin Y Y. Improved diagnosis of classical vs. atypical phenylketonuria by liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 1984; 30: 278–280, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Kelly J J, Tam S H, Williamson P M, Lawson J, Whitworth J A. Nitric oxide system and cortisol‐induced hypertension in humans. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998; 25: 945–946, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Li M, Dusting G J, Whitworth J A. Inhibition of NO synthesis has an additive effect on hypertension induced by ACTH in conscious rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1992; 19: 675–681, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Wen C, Li M, Fraser T, Wang J, Turner S W, Whitworth J A. l‐arginine partially reverses established adrenocorticotrophin‐induced hypertension and nitric oxide deficiency in the rat. Blood Press 2000; 9: 298–304, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Lou Y K, Wen C, Li M, Adams D J, Wang M X, Yang F, Morris B J, Whitworth J A. Decreased renal expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in adrenocorticotropin‐induced and corticosterone‐induced hypertension. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1164–1170, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Zorzi G, Thony B, Blau N. Reduced nitric oxide metabolites in CSF of patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. J Neurochem 2002; 80: 362–364, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Schwartz I F, Schwartz D, Wollman Y, Chernichowski T, Blum M, Levo Y, Iaina A. Tetrahydrobiopterin augments arginine transport in rat cardiac myocytes through modulation of CAT‐2 mRNA. J Lab Clin Med 2001; 137: 356–362, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vasquez‐Vivar J, Martasek P, Whitsett J, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B. The ratio between tetrahydrobiopterin and oxidized tetrahydrobiopterin analogues controls superoxide release from endothelial nitric oxide synthase: an EPR spin trapping study. Biochem J 2002; 362: 733–739, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ishii M, Shimizu S, Yamamoto T, Katzutaka M, Kuroiwa Y. Acceleration of oxidation stress‐induced endothelial cell death by nitric oxide synthase dysfunction accompanied with decrease in tetrahydrobiopterin content. Life Sci 1997; 61: 739–747, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Kasai K, Hattori Y, Banb N, Hattori S, Motohashi S, Shimoda S, Nakanishi N, Gross S S. Induction of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes: impact on cytokine‐induced NO generation. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: H665–H672, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Kuzkaya N, Weissmann N, Harrison D G, Dikalov S. Interactions of peroxynitrite, tetrahydrobiopterin, ascorbic acid and thiols: implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 22546–22554, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Cai S, Alp N J, McDonald D, Smith I, Kay J, Canevari L, Heales S, Channon K M. GTP cyclohydrolase I gene transfer augments intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin in human endothelial cells: effects on nitric oxide synthase activity, protein levels and dimerisation. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 55: 838–849, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cosentino F, Barker J E, Brand M P, Heales S J, Werner E R, Tippins J R, West N, Channon K M, Volpe M, Luscher T F. Reactive oxygen species mediate endothelium‐dependent relaxations in tetrahydrobiopterin‐deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 496–502, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Johns D G, Dorrance A M, Tramontini N L, Webb R C. Glucocorticoids inhibit tetrahydrobiopterin‐dependent endothelial function. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001; 226: 27–31
- Frank S, Madlener M, Pfeilschifter J, Werner S. Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and its corresponding tetrahydrobiopterin‐cofactor‐synthesizing enzyme GTP‐cyclohydrolase I during cutaneous wound repair. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111: 1058–1064, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Mitchell B M, Dorrance A M, Webb R C. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 downregulation contributes to glucocorticoid hypertension in rats. Hypertension 2003; 41: 669–674, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Serova L, Nankova B, Rivkin M, Kvetnansky R, Sabban E L. Glucocorticoids elevate GTP cyclohydrolase I mRNA levels in vivo and in PC12 cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1997; 48: 251–258, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Duch D S, Woolf J H, Edelstein M P, Viveros O H, Abou‐Donia M A, Nichol C A. Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis in cultured adrenal cortical tumor cells by adrenocorticotropin and adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 1897–1905, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Huang A, Vita J A, Venema R C, Keaney J F. Ascorbic acid enhances endothelial nitric‐oxide synthase activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 17399–17406, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Heller R, Unbehaun A, Schellenberg B, Mayer B, Werner‐Felmayer G, Werner E R. l‐Ascorbic acid potentiates endothelial nitric oxide synthesis via a chemical stabilization of tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 40–47, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- D'Uscio L V, Milstien S, Richardson D, Smith L, Katusic Z S. Long‐term vitamin C treatment increases vascular tetrahydrobiopterin levels and nitric oxide synthase activity. Circ Res 2003; 92: 88–95, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Zhang Y, Jang R, Mori T A, Croft K C, Schyvens C G, McKenzie K US, Whitworth J A. The anti‐oxidant Tempol reverses and partially prevents adrenocorticotropic hormone‐induced hypertension in the rat. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1613–1618, [CROSSREF]