Data Collection in Clinical Toxicology: Are There Too Many Variables?*

REFERENCES

• Murray C.J.L., Lopez A.D. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. The Global Burden of Disease and Injury, C.J.L. Murray, A.D. Lopez. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1996
   Google Scholar
• The World Health Report 2001. Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. WHO, Geneva 2001
   Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H., McManus P.R., Ferguson N.W. Self-Poisoning in Newcastle, 1987–1992. Med. J. Aust. 1995; 162(4)190–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath J. A Survey of Deliberate Self-Poisoning. Med. J. Aust. 1989; 150(6)317–318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H., Buckley N.A., Carter G.L., Levey C.M. Health Care: A Model for the Management of Self-Poisoning. Med. J. Aust. 1997; 167(3)142–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenenbein M. Good Reasons to Publish in Clinical Toxicology. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1998; 36(1–2)137–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Smith A.J. Evidence-Based Medicine in Toxicology: Where Is the Evidence?. Lancet 1996; 347(9009)167–169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whyte I.M., Buckley N.A. Progress in Clinical Toxicology: From Case Reports to Toxicoepidemiology. Med. J. Aust. 1995; 163(7)340–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A. Poisoning and Epidemiology: ‘Toxicoepidemiology’. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1998; 25(3–4)195–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black N. Why We Need Observational Studies to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Health Care. Br. Med. J. 1996; 312(7040)1215–1218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland S.K. Antivenom to the Venom of the Male Sydney Funnel-Web Spider Atrax robustus: Preliminary Report. Med. J. Aust. 1980; 2(8)437–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher M.M., Raftos J., McGuinness R.T., Dicks I.T., Wong J.S., Burgess K.R., Sutherland S.K. Funnel-Web Spider (Atrax robustus) Antivenom. 2. Early Clinical Experience. Med. J. Aust. 1981; 2(10)525–526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland S.K. Genus Atrax Cambridge, the Funnel-Web Spiders. Australian Animal Toxins, S.K. Sutherland. Oxford University Press, Melbourne 1983; 255–298
   Google Scholar
• Baud F.J., Sabouraud A., Vicaut E., Taboulet P., Lang J., Bismuth C., Rouzioux J.M., Scherrmann J.M. Brief Report: Treatment of Severe Colchicine Overdose with Colchicine-Specific Fab Fragments. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 332(10)642–645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H., McManus P.R., Ferguson N.W. Correlations Between Prescriptions and Drugs Taken in Self-Poisoning. Implications for Prescribers and Drug Regulation. Med. J. Aust. 1995; 162(4)194–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luft D., Schmulling R.M., Eggstein M. Lactic Acidosis in Biguanide-Treated Diabetics: A Review of 330 Cases. Diabetologia 1978; 14(2)75–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charatan F. Bayer Decides to Withdraw Cholesterol Lowering Drug. Br. Med. J. 2001; 323(7309)359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClellan K.J., Wiseman L.R., McTavish D. Cerivastatin. Drugs 1998; 55(3)415–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelqvist P., Salmo M. Lye Corrosion Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Review of 63 Cases. Cancer 1980; 45(10)2655–2658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiller C.A. Centralised Treatment, Entry to Trials and Survival. Br. J. Cancer 1994; 70(2)352–362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton B.G., Taylor P.R., Proctor S.J. The PACE (Population-Adjusted Clinical Epidemiology) Strategy: A New Approach to Multi-Centred Clinical Research. Q. J. Med. 1997; 90(2)147–151
   Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M., Hazell P., Meza A., Britt H. An Analysis of Age and Gender Influences on the Relative Risk for Suicide and Psychotropic Drug Self-Poisoning. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1996; 93(3)168–171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter G.L., Whyte I.M., Ball K., Carter N.T., Dawson A.H., Carr V.J., Fryer J. Repetition of Deliberate Self-Poisoning in an Australian Hospital-Treated Population. Med. J. Aust. 1999; 170(7)307–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M.K., Whyte I.M., White J., Keir P.M. Clinical Features and Management of Hadronyche Envenomation in Man. Toxicon 1999; 38: 409–427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M., Henry D.A. Greater Toxicity in Overdose of Dothiepin Than of Other Tricyclic Antidepressants. Lancet 1994; 343(8890)159–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H., Cruickshank D.A. Pheniramine—A Much Abused Drug. Med. J. Aust. 1994; 160(4)188–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M., O'Connell D.L. Relative Toxicity of Benzodiazepines in Overdose. Br. Med. J. 1995; 310(6974)219–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H. Cardiotoxicity More Common in Thioridazine Overdose Than with Other Neuroleptics. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1995; 33(3)199–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reith D.M., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M., Buckley N.A., Sayer G.P. Relative Toxicity of Beta Blockers in Overdose. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1996; 34(3)273–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H. Relative Toxicity of Venlafaxine and Serotonin Specific Reuptake Inhibitors in Overdose. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 2001; 39(3)255–255
   Google Scholar
• Buckley N., McManus P. Fatal Toxicity of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Psychotic Illnesses. Br. J. Psychiatry 1998; 172: 461–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., McManus P.R. Can the Fatal Toxicity of Antidepressant Drugs Be Predicted with Pharmacological and Toxicological Data?. Drug Saf. 1998; 18(5)369–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., McManus P.R. The Fatal Toxicity Index (FTI) of Antidepressant Drugs in the UK Between 1993 and 1998. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 2001; 39(5)489–490
   Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., O'Connell D.L., Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H. Interrater Agreement in the Measurement of QRS Interval in Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose: Implications for Monitoring and Research. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1996; 28(5)515–519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte I.M., Buckley N.A., Reith D.M., Goodhew I., Seldon M., Dawson A.H. Acetaminophen Causes Increased International Normalized Ratio by Reducing Functional Factor VII. Ther. Drug Monit. 2000; 22(6)742–748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Newby D.A., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M. The Effect of the Introduction of Safety Packaging for Carbamazepine on Toxicity in Overdose in Adults. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 1995; 4(6)351–354
   Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., O'Connell D.L., Dawson A.H. Activated Charcoal Reduces the Need for N-Acetylcysteine Treatment After Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Overdose. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999; 37(6)753–757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., O'Connell D.L., Dawson A.H. Oral or Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine: Which Is the Treatment of Choice for Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning?. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999; 37(6)759–767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balit C., Isbister G.K., Peat J., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M. Paracetamol Recall: A Natural Experiment Influencing Analgesic Poisoning. Med. J. Aust. 2002; 176: 162–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley N.A., Whyte I.M., Dawson A.H., Reith D.A. Preformatted Admission Charts for Poisoning Admissions Facilitate Clinical Assessment and Research. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1999; 34(4 Pt 1)476–482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black N. Developing High Quality Clinical Databases: The Key to a New Research Paradigm. Br. Med. J. 1997; 315(7105)381–382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarons L. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling in Drug Development. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 1999; 8(3)181–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarons L., Graham G. Methodological Approaches to the Population Analysis of Toxicity Data. Toxicol. Lett. 2001; 120(1–3)405–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles B.G. Fundamentals of Population Modelling. Aust. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1999; 29(2)88–91
   Google Scholar
• Aarons L. Software for Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Clin. Pharmacokin. 1999; 36(4)255–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar