578
Views
82
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Antivenom Treatment in Arachnidism

Antivenoms

, , &
Pages 291-300 | Published online: 05 Dec 2003

References

  • Krifi MN, Amri F, Kharrat H, El Ayeb M. Evaluation of antivenom therapy in children severely envenomed by Androctonus australis garzonii (Aag) and Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot) scorpions. Toxicon 1999; 37(11)1627–1634
  • Southcott RV. Some harmful Australian insects. Med J Aust 1988; 149(11–12)656–662
  • Brown SGA, Wu Q, Kelsall GR, Heddle RJ, Baldo BA. Fatal anaphylaxis following jack jumper ant sting in southern Tasmania. Med J Aust 2001; 175: 644–647
  • McGain F, Harrison J, Winkel KD. Wasp sting mortality in Australia. Med J Aust 2000; 173(4)198–200
  • Franca FO, Benvenuti LA, Fan HW, Dos SD, Hain SH, Picchi-Martins FR, Warrell DA. Severe and fatal mass attacks by ‘killer’ bees (Africanized honey bees—Apis mellifera scutellata) in Brazil: clinicopathological studies with measurement of serum venom concentrations. Q J Med 1994; 87(5)269–282
  • Barss P. Renal failure and death after multiple stings in Papua New Guinea. Ecology, prevention and management of attacks by vespid wasps. Med J Aust 1989; 151(11–12)659–663
  • Balit CR, Ptolemy HC, Geary MJ, Russell RC, Isbister GK. Outbreak of caterpillar dermatitis caused by airborne hairs of the mistletoe browntail moth (Euproctis edwardsi). Med J Aust 2001; 175: 641–643
  • Krifi MN, Kharrat H, Zghal K, Abdouli M, Abroug F, Bouchoucha S, El Ayeb M. Development of an ELISA for the detection of scorpion venoms in sera of humans envenomed by Androctonus australis garzonii (Aag) and Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot): correlation with clinical severity of envenoming in Tunisia. Toxicon 1998; 36(6)887–900
  • Ghalim N, El-Hafny B, Sebti F, Heikel J, Lazar N, Moustanir R, Benslimane A. Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000; 62(2)277–283
  • Bergman NJ. Clinical description of Parabuthus transvaalicus scorpionism in Zimbabwe. Toxicon 1997; 35(5)759–771
  • Abroug F, Elatrous S, Nouira S, Haguiga H, Touzi N, Bouchoucha S. Serotherapy in scorpion envenomation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 906–909
  • Groshong TD. Scorpion envenomation in eastern Saudi Arabia. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22(9)1431–1437
  • Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH. Indian red scorpion envenoming. Indian J Pediatr 1998; 65(3)383–391
  • Dehesa-Davila M, Possani LD. Scorpionism and serotherapy in Mexico. Toxicon 1994; 32(9)1015–1018
  • Gibly R, Williams M, Walter FG, McNally J, Conroy C, Berg RA. Continuous intravenous midazolam infusion for Centruroides exilicauda scorpion envenomation. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34(5)620–625
  • White J, Cardoso JL, Hui WF. Clinical toxicology of spider bites. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons, J Meier, J White. CRC Press, Boca Raton 1995; 259–330
  • Wong RC, Hughes SE, Voorhees JJ. Spider bites. Arch Dermatol 1987; 123(1)98–104
  • Heard K, O'Malley GF, Dart RC. Antivenom therapy in the Americans. Drugs 1999; 58(1)5–15
  • Nicholson GM, Graudins A. Spiders of medical importance in the Asia-Pacific: atracotoxin, latrotoxin and related spider neurotoxins. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2002; 29(9)785–794
  • Jelinek GA, Banham NG, Dunjey SJ. Red-back spider-bites at Fremantle Hospital, 1982–1987. Med J Aust 1989; 150(12)693–695
  • Sutherland SK, Trinca JC. Survey of 2144 cases of red-back spider bites: Australia and New Zealand, 1963–1976. Med J Aust 1978; 2(14)620–623
  • Clark RF, Wethern-Kestner S, Vance MV, Gerkin R. Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21(7)782–787
  • Muller GJ. Black and brown widow spider bites in South Africa. A series of 45 cases. South Afr Med J 1993; 83(6)399–405
  • Isbister GK, Churchill TB, Hirst DB, Gray MR, Currie BJ. Clinical effects in bites from formally identified spiders in tropical Northern Territory. Med J Aust 2001; 174(2)79–82
  • Maretic Z. Latrodectism: variations in clinical manifestations provoked by Latrodectus species of spiders. Toxicon 1983; 21(4)457–466
  • Isbister GK, Gray MR. A prospective study of 750 definite spider bites, with expert spider identification. Q J Med 2002; 95(11)723–731
  • Sutherland SK. Antivenom use in Australia. Premedication, adverse reactions and the use of venom detection kits. Med J Aust 1992; 157(11–12)734–739
  • Clark RF. The safety and efficacy of antivenin Latrodectus mactans. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001; 39(2)125–127
  • Dart RC, McNally J. Efficacy, safety, and use of snake antivenoms in the United States. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37(2)181–188
  • Lancet 1969; 1(7593)509
  • Isbister GK. Failure of intramuscular antivenom in redback spider envenomation. Emerg Med 2002; 14(4)436–439
  • Krifi MN, Miled K, Abderrazek M, El Ayeb M. Effects of antivenom on Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot) scorpion venom pharmacokinetics: towards an optimization of antivenom immunotherapy in a rabbit model. Toxicon 2001; 39(9)1317–1326
  • Riviere G, Choumet V, Audebert F, Sabouraud A, Debray M, Scherrmann JM, Bon C. Effect of antivenom on venom pharmacokinetics in experimentally envenomed rabbits: towards an optimization of antivenom therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 281(1)1–8
  • , Isbister GK, Gray M. Bites by spiders of the family theridiidae: a prospective study of spider envenomation [abstract]. Proceedings: 6th Asia-Pacific Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, 2002.
  • Keegan HL. Effectiveness of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus antivenin in protecting laboratory mice against effects of intraperitoneal injections of Latrodectus mactans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1955; 4: 762–764
  • Graudins A, Padula M, Broady K, Nicholson GM. Red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom prevents the toxicity of widow spider venoms. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37(2)154–160
  • Daly FF, Hill RE, Bogdan GM, Dart RC. Neutralization of Latrodectus mactans and L. hesperus venom by redback spider (L. hasseltii) antivenom. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001; 39(2)119–123
  • Wiener S. Red back spider antivenene. Med J Aust 1961; 2: 44–49
  • Graudins A, Gunja N, Broady KW, Nicholson GM. Clinical and in vitro evidence for the efficacy of Australian red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom in the treatment of envenomation by a Cupboard spider (Steatoda grossa). Toxicon 2002; 40(6)767–775
  • South M, Wirth P, Winkel KD. Redback spider antivenom used to treat envenomation by a juvenile Steatoda spider. Med J Aust 1998; 169(11–12)642
  • White J. Necrotising arachnidism. Med J Aust 1999; 171: 98
  • Isbister GK. Spider mythology across the world. West J Med 2001; 175(2)86–87
  • Vetter RS. Myth: idiopathic wounds are often due to brown recluse or other spider bites throughout the United States. West J Med 2000; 173(5)357–358
  • Barbaro KC, Cardoso JL, Eickstedt VR, Mota I. Dermonecrotic and lethal components of Loxoscles gaucho spider venom. Toxicon 1992; 30(3)331–338
  • Wright SW, Wrenn KD, Murray L, Seger D. Clinical presentation and outcome of brown recluse spider bite. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 30(1)28–32
  • Rash LD, Hodgson WC. Pharmacology and biochemistry of spider venoms. Toxicon 2002; 40(3)225–254
  • Ribeiro LA, Jorge MT, Piesco RV, Nishioka SA. Wolf spider bites in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a clinical and epidemiological study of 515 cases. Toxicon 1990; 28(6)715–717
  • , Isbister GK, Gay MR. Prospective study of the clinical effects of bites by the white-tail spider in Australia (Lampona cylindrata/murina Group). Proceedings of Australasian Society of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacologists & Toxicologists, Newcastle, Australia, 2000.
  • Gomez HF, Miller MJ, Trachy JW, Marks RM, Warren JS. Intradermal anti-loxosceles Fab fragments attenuate dermonecrotic arachnidism. Acad Emerg Med 1999; 6(12)1195–1202
  • Sezerino UM, Zannin M, Coelho LK, Gonçalves J, Jr, Grando M, Mattosinho SG, Fan HW. A clinical and epidemiological study of Loxosceles spider envenoming in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92(5)546–548
  • Gomez HF, Miller MJ, Waggener MW, Lankford HA, Warren JS. Antigenic cross-reactivity of venoms from medically important North American Loxosceles spider species. Toxicon 2001; 39(6)817–824
  • Gray MR, Sutherland SK. Venoms of Dipluridae. Arthropod Venoms, S Bettini. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1978; 121–148
  • Wiener S. The Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) 1. Collection of venom and its toxicity in animals. Med J Aust 1957; 2: 377–382
  • Sutherland SK. The Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus).1. A review of published studies on the crude venom. Med J Aust. 10: 528–530
  • Musgrave A. Spiders harmful to man. II. Aust Mus Mag 1949; 9(12)411–419
  • Musgrave A. Some poisonous Australian spiders. Rec Aust Mus 1927; 34–46
  • Beazley RN. Deaths from the bite of a Trapdoor Spider. Med J Aust 1930, i: 255–256
  • Irwin RS. Funnel-web spider bite. Med J Aust 1952, ii: 342
  • Torda TA, Loong E, Greaves I. Severe lung oedema and fatal consumption coagulopathy after funnel-web bite. Med J Aust 1980; 2: 442–444
  • Hartman LJ, Sutherland SK. Funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) antivenom in the treatment of human envenomation. Med J Aust 1984; 141(12–13)796–799
  • Fisher MM, Raftos J, McGuinness RT, Dicks IT, Wong JS, Burgess KR, Sutherland SK. Funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) antivenom 2. Early clinical experience. Med J Aust 1981; 2(10)525–526
  • Miller MK, Whyte IM, White J, Keir PM. Clinical features and management of Hadronyche envenomation in man. Toxicon 2000; 38(3)409–427
  • Dieckmann J, Prebble J, McDonogh A, Sara A, Fisher M. Efficacy of funnel-web spider antivenom in human envenomation by Hadronyche species. Med J Aust 1989; 151(11–12)706–707
  • Fisher MM, Bowey CJ. Urban envenomation. Med J Aust 1989; 150: 695–698
  • Miller MK, Whyte IM, Dawson AH. Serum sickness from funnelweb spider antivenom. Med J Aust 1999; 171(1)54
  • Graudins A, Wilson D, Alewood P, Broady K, Nicholson G. Cross-reactivity of Sydney funnel-web spider antivenom: neutralization of the in vitro toxicity of other Australian funnel-web (Atrax and Hadronyche) spider venoms. Toxicon 2002; 40(3)259–266
  • Rash LD, Birinyi-Strachan LC, Nicholson GM, Hodgson WC. Neurotoxic activity of venom from the Australian Eastern mouse spider (Missulena bradleyi) involves modulation of sodium channel gating. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 130(8)1817–1824
  • , Rendle Short H. Mouse spider envenomation [abstract]. Proceedings of Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Meeting, 25, 1985. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society.
  • Southcott RV. Arachnidism and allied syndromes in the Australian region. Rec Adelaide Child Hosp 1976; 1(1)97–186
  • Lucas SM, Silva Junior PI, Bertani R, Cardoso JL. Mygalomorph spider bites: a report on 91 cases in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Toxicon 1994; 32(10)1211–1215
  • Bucaretchi F, Deus RC, Hyslop S, Madureira PR, de Capitani EM, Vieira RJ. A clinico-epidemiological study of bites by spiders of the genus Phoneutria. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2000; 42(1)17–21
  • Isbister GK, Volschenk ES, Harvey MS. Australia scorpion stings: prospective study of 56 confirmed stings from formally identified scorpions. [abstract]. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40(3)309
  • White J. Envenoming and antivenom use in Australia. Toxicon 1998; 36(11)1483–1492
  • LoVecchio F, Welch S, Klemens J, Curry SC, Thomas R. Incidence of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to Centruroides antivenom. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34(5)615–619
  • Banner W, Jr. A scorpion by any other name is still a scorpion. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34(5)669–670
  • Bond GR. Antivenin administration for Centruroides scorpion sting: risks and benefits. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21(7)788–791
  • Gateau T, Bloom M, Clark R. Response to specific Centruroides sculpturatus antivenom in 151 cases of scorpion stings. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994; 32(2)165–171
  • Curry SC, Vance MV, Ryan PJ, Kunkel DB, Northey WT. Envenomation by the scorption Centruroides sculpturatus. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1983; 21(4–5)417–449
  • Muller GJ. Scorpionism in South Africa. A report of 42 serious scorpion envenomations. South Afr Med J 1993; 83(6)405–411
  • Rezende NA, Amaral CF, Freire-Maia L. Immunotherapy for scorpion envenoming in Brazil. Toxicon 1998; 36(11)1507–1513
  • Osnaya-Romero N, Medina-Hernández TD, Flores-Hernández SS, León-Rojas G. Clinical symptoms observed in children envenomated by scorpion stings, at the children's hospital from the State of Morelos, Mexico. Toxicon 2001; 39(6)781–785
  • Calderon-Aranda ES, Dehesa-Davila M, Chavez-Haro A, Possani LD. Scorpion stings and their treatment in Mexico. Envenomings and Their Treatments, C Bon, M Goyffon. Institute Pasteur, Paris 1995; 311–320
  • Ismail M. The treatment of the scorpion envenoming syndrome: the Saudi experience with serotherapy. Toxicon 1994; 32(9)1019–1026
  • Freire-Maia L, Campos JA, Amaral CF. Approaches to the treatment of scorpion envenoming. Toxicon 1994; 32(9)1009–1014
  • Ismail M, Abd-Elsalam MA. Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab fractions of scorpion and snake antivenins: merits and potential for therapeutic use. Toxicon 1998; 36(11)1523–1528
  • de Rezende NA, Dias MB, Campolina D, Chavez-Olortegui C, Diniz CR, Amaral CF. Efficacy of antivenom therapy for neutralizing circulating venom antigens in patients stung by Tityus serrulatus scorpions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995; 52(3)277–280
  • de Rezende NA, Dias MB, Campolina D, Chavez-Olortegui C, Amaral CF. Standardization of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting circulating toxic venom antigens in patients stung by the scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1995; 37(1)71–74
  • Sofer S, Shahak E, Gueron M. Scorpion envenomation and antivenom therapy. J Pediatr 1994; 124(6)973–978
  • Belghith M, Boussarsar M, Haguiga H, Besbes L, Elatrous S, Touzi N, Abroug F. Efficacy of serotherapy in scorpion sting: a matched-pair study. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999; 37(1)51–57
  • Amaral CF, Rezende NA. Treatment of scorpion envenoming should include both a potent specific antivenom and support of vital functions. Toxicon 2000; 38(8)1005–1007
  • Gueron M, Ilia R. Is antivenom the most successful therapy in scorpion victims?. Toxicon 1999; 37(12)1655–1657
  • Gueron M, Margulis G, Ilia R, Sofer S. The management of scorpion envenomation 1993. Toxicon 1993; 31(9)1071–1083
  • el-Amin EO, Sultan OM, al-Magamci MS, Elidrissy A. Serotherapy in the management of scorpion sting in children in Saudi Arabia. Ann Trop Paediatr 1994; 14(1)21–24
  • Amaral CF, Dias MB, Campolina D, Proietti FA, de Rezende NA. Children with adrenergic manifestations of envenomation after Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting are protected from early anaphylactic antivenom reactions. Toxicon 1994; 32(2)211–215
  • White J. CSL Antivenom Handbook. 2nd ed., CSL Ltd, Melbourne 2001
  • Arocha-Pinango CL, de Bosch NB, Torres A, Goldstein C, Nouel A, Arguello A, Rodriguez A. Six new cases of a caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome. Thromb & Haemostasis 1992; 67(4)402–407
  • Rocha-Campos AC, Goncalves LR, Higashi HG, Yamagushi IK, Fernandes I, Oliveira JE, Da Silva WD. Specific heterologous F(ab')2 antibodies revert blood incoagulability resulting from envenoming by Lonomia obliqua caterpillars. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 64(5–6)283–289
  • , Appendix: Antivenom tables. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41(3):317–327.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.