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Letter to the Editor

Ocular Exposure to Rattlesnake Venom

, Pharm.D., , M.D. & , R.N.
Pages 605-606 | Published online: 08 Apr 2003

References

  • Troutman W. G., Wilson L. E. Topical ophthalmic exposure to rattlesnake venom. Am J Emerg Med 1989; 7(3)307–308
  • Litovitz T. L., Klein‐Schwartz W., Rodgers G. C., Jr, Cobaugh D. J., Youniss J., Omslaer J. C., May M. E., Woolf A. D., Benson B. E. 2001 Annual report of the American association of poison control centers toxic exposure surveillance system. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20(5)391–452
  • Payne T., Warrell D. A. Effects of venom in eye from spitting cobra. Arch Opthalmol 1976; 94: 1803
  • Warrell D. A., Ormerod L. D. Snake venom opthalmia and blindness caused by the spitting cobra (naja nigricollis) in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1976; 25: 525–529
  • Ismail M., Ellison A. C. Ocular effects of the venom from the spitting cobra (naja nigricollis). J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1986; 24: 183–202
  • Hansen E. A., Stein E. A., Mader T. H., et al. Spitting cobra opthalmia in United Nations Forces in Somalia. Am J Opthalmol 1994; 117: 671
  • Griffen D., Donovan J. W. Significant envenomation from a preserved rattlesnake head (in a patient with a history of immediate hypersensitivity to antivenin). Ann Emerg Med 1986; 15(8)955–958
  • Keyler D. E., Schwitzer K. Envenomation from the fang of a freeze‐dried prairie rattlesnake head. Vet Hum Toxicol 1987; 29(6)440–441
  • Suchard J. R., LoVecchio F. Envenomations by rattlesnakes thought to be dead. N Engl J Med 1999; 340(24)1930

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