References
- Hill P., Haley N.J., Wynder E.L. Cigarette smoking: carboxyhemoglobin, plasma nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate vs self-reported smoking data and cardiovascular disease. J. Chronic Dis. 1983; 36: 439–449
- Hopkins J.M., Evans H.J. Cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage and lung cancer risks. Nature 1980; 283: 388–390
- Wynder E., Hoffmann D. Tobacco. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, D. Schottenfeld, J.F. Fraumeni. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1982; 277–292
- Doll R. Tobacco: an overview of health effects. Tobacco. A Major International Health Hazard, D. Zaridze, R. Peto. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 1986; 11–22
- Calkins B. A meta-analysis of the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1989; 34: 1841–1859
- Tredaniel J., Boffetta P., Buiatti E., et al. Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Cancer 1997; 72: 565–573
- Iwata F., Leung F.W. Tobacco cigarette smoke aggravates gastric ulcer in rats by attenuation of ulcer margin hyperemia. Am. J. Physiol. 1995; 268: G153–G160
- Chow J.Y., Ma L., Zhu M., et al. The potentiating actions of cigarette smoking on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1188–1197
- Ma L., Chow J.Y., Cho C.H. Cigarette smoking delays ulcer healing role of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in rat stomach. Am. J. Physiol. 1999; 276: G238–G248
- Thomas G.A., Rhodes J., Green J.T. Inflammatory bowel disease and smoking—a review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 93: 144–149
- Terry P., Ekbom A., Lichtenstein P., et al. Long-term tobacco smoking and colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort study. Int. J. Cancer 2001; 91: 585–587
- Heineman E.F., Zahm S.H., McLaughlin J.K., et al. Increased risk of colorectal cancer among smokers: results of a 26-year follow-up of US veterans and a review. Int. J. Cancer 1995; 59: 728–738
- Newcomb P.A., Storer B.E., Marcus P.M. Cigarette smoking in relation to risk of large bowel cancer in women. Cancer Res. 1995; 55: 4906–4909
- Monnet E., Allemand H., Farina H., et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of colorectal adenoma in men. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1991; 26: 758–762
- Terry M.B., Neugut A.I. Cigarette smoking and the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: a hypothesis to explain the paradox. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1998; 147: 903–910
- Slattery M.L., Potter J.D., Samowitz W., et al. NAT2, GSTM-1, cigarette smoking, and risk of colon cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 1998; 7: 1079–1084
- Tavani A., Gallus S., Negri E., et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: a case-control study from Italy. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1998; 14: 675–681
- Xu Y.L., Zheng Z.T., Liu D.X. Cell proliferation kinetics in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Chin. Med. J. Engl. 1984; 97: 526–531
- Konturek S.J., Dembinski A., Warzecha Z., et al. Role of epidermal growth factor in healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcers in rats. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 1300–1307
- Becker C.G., Hajjar D.P., Hefton J.M., et al. Tobacco constituents are mitogenic for arterial smooth-muscle cells. Am. J. Pathol. 1985; 120: 1–5
- Schuller H.M. Cell type specific, receptor-mediated modulation of growth kinetics in human lung cancer cell lines by nicotine and tobacco-related nitrosamines. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1989; 38: 3439–3442
- Lindemann R.A., Park N.H. The effects of benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines on the generation of human lymphokine-activated killer cells. Arch. Oral Biol. 1989; 34: 283–287
- Sauk J.J., Norris K. Tobacco components induce alterations in keratinocyte lipid membrane fluidity and inhibit cell proliferation in culture. J. Oral Pathol. 1988; 17: 30–33
- Mitchell J.A., Hammer R.E. Effects of nicotine on oviducal blood flow and embryo development in the rat. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1985; 74: 71–76
- Askew D.S., Ashmun R.A., Simmons B.C., et al. Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis. Oncogene 1991; 6: 1915–1922
- Evan G.I., Littlewood T.D. The role of c-myc in cell growth. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1993; 3: 44–49
- Evan G.I., Wyllie A.H., Gilbert C.S., et al. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 1992; 69: 119–128
- Shi Y., Glynn J.M., Guilbert L.J., et al. Role for c-myc in activation-induced apoptotic cell death in T cell hybridomas. Science 1992; 257: 212–214
- Vlach J., Hennecke S., Alevizopoulos K., et al. Growth arrest by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is abrogated by c-Myc. EMBO J. 1996; 15: 6595–6604
- Ciclitira P.J., Macartney J.C., Evan G. Expression of c-myc in non-malignant and pre-malignant gastrointestinal disorders. J. Pathol. 1987; 151: 293–296
- Baral R., Patnaik S., Das B.R. Co-overexpression of p53 and c-myc proteins linked with advanced stages of betel- and tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinomas from eastern India. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 1998; 106: 907–913
- Mothersill C., Harney J., Seymour C.B. Induction of stable p53 oncoprotein and of c-myc overexpression in cultured normal human uroepithelium by radiation and N-nitrosodiethanolamine. Radiat. Res. 1994; 138: 93–98
- Ma L., Wang W.P., Chow J.Y.C., et al. The role of polyamine in gastric mucus synthesis inhibited by cigarette smoke or its extracts. Gut 2000; 47: 170–177
- Tones M.A., Sharif N.A., Hawthorne J.N. Phospholipid turnover during cell-cycle traverse in synchronous Chinese-hamster ovary cells. Mitogenesis without phosphoinositide breakdown. Biochem. J. 1988; 249: 51–56
- Wiernas T.K., Davis T.L., Griffin B.W., et al. Effects of bradykinin on signal transduction, cell proliferation, and cytokine, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase-1 release from human corneal epithelial cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1998; 123: 1127–1137
- Hodgson V.J., Walker G.M., Button D. A rapid colorimetric assay of killer toxin activity in yeast. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1994; 120: 201–205
- Sato Y., Matsumori A., Sasayama S. Inotropic agent vesnarinone inhibits cytokine production and E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 1995; 27: 2265–2273
- Hoffmann, D.; Harris, C.C. Mechanisms in tobacco carcinogenesis. In In Vitro Carcinogenesis Studies of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Masui, T., Yoakum, G.H.; Lechner, J.F.; Harris, C.C., Eds.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; 1995; 299–314.
- Han S., Kim H.Y., Park K., et al. c-Myc expression is related with cell proliferation and associated with poor clinical outcome in human gastric cancer. J. Kor. Med. Sci. 1999; 14: 526–530
- Kim S.W., Beauchamp R.D., Townsend C.M., Jr, et al. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide inhibits c-myc expression and growth of human gastric carcinoma cells. Surgery 1991; 110: 270–275
- Slattery M.L., Potter J.D., Friedman G.D., et al. Tobacco use and colon cancer. Int. J. Cancer 1997; 70: 259–264
- Nyren O., Bergstrom R., Nystrom L., et al. Smoking and colorectal cancer: a 20-year follow-up study of Swedish construction workers. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1996; 88: 1302–1307