References
- Cantillo, R.; Jain, J.; Singhakowinta, A.; Vaitkevicius, V. Blindness as initial manifestation of meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer. Cancer 1979, 44, 755–757. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Eberth, C. Zur entwick pung des ephlheliomas (cholesteatomas) der pia and der lung. Virchow S. Arch. 1870, 49, 51–63.
- Dufour, H. Meningite sarcomateuse diffuse avec envahissement de las melle et das racines: cytologie positive et speciale du liquide cephalo-rachidien. Rev. Neurol. 1904, 12, 104–106.
- Beerman, W. Meningeal carcinomatosis. JAMA 1912, 58, 1437–1439.
- Posner, J. Neurologic Complications of Cancer; F.A. Davis Co.: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1995; 482 pp.
- Bendell, J C.; Domchek, S M.; Burstein, H J.; Harris, L.; Younger, J.; Kuter, I.; Bunnell, C.; Rue, M.; Gelman, R.; Winer, E. Central nervous system metastases in women who receive trastuzumab-based therapy for metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003, 97, 2972–2977. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Rosen, S.; Aisner, J.; Makuch, R W.; Matthews, M J.; Ihde, D C.; Whitacre, M.; Glatstein, E J.; Wiernik, P H.; Lichter, A S.; Bunn, P A., Jr. Carcinomatous leptomeningitis in small cell lung cancer: a clinicopathologic review of the National Cancer Institute experience. Am. J. Med. 1987, 61, 45–53.
- Kesari, S.; Batchelor, T T. Leptomeningeal metastases. Neurol. Clin. 2003, 21, 25–66. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Aroney, R S.; Dalley, D N.; Chan, W K.; Bell, D R.; Levi, J A. Meningeal carcinomatosis in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Am. J. Med. 1981, 71, 26–32. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Freilich, R J.; Seidman, A D.; DeAngelis, L M. Central nervous system progression of metastatic breast cancer in patients treated with paclitaxel. Cancer 1995, 76, 232–236. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- van der Ree, T C.; Dippel, D W.; Avezaat, C J.; Sillevis Smitt, P A.; Vecht, C J.; van den Bent, M J. Leptomeningeal metastasis after surgical resection of brain metastases. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1999, 66 (2), 225–227. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Olson, M.; Chernik, N.; Posner, J. Infiltration of the leptomeninges by systemic cancer: a clinical and pathologic study. Arch. Neurol. 1994, 30, 122–137.
- Wasserstrom, W.; Glass, J.; Posner, J. Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: experience with 90 patients. Cancer 1982, 49, 759–772. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Kaplan, J.; DeSouza, T.; Farkash, A.; Shafran, B.; Pack, D.; Rehman, F.; Fuks, J.; Portenoy, R. Leptomeningeal metastases: comparison of clinical features and laboratory data of solid tumors, lymphomas and leukemias. J. Neuro.-Oncol. 1990, 92, 25–29.
- Balm, M.; Hammack, J. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Arch. Neurol. 1996, 53, 626–632. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Hansen, K.; Gjerris, F.; Sorensen, P S. Absence of hydrocephalus in spite of impaired cerebrospinal fluid absorption and severe intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 1987, 86, 93–97.
- Madow, L.; Alpers, B.; Akerley, W. Encephalitic form of metastatic carcinoma. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 1951, 65, 161–173.
- Chamberlain, M.; Sandy, A.; Press, G. Leptomeningeal metastasis. A comparison of GAD-enhanced MR and contrast enhanced CT of the brain. Neurology 1990, 40, 435–438. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Freilich, R J.; Krol, G.; DeAngelis, L M. Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis. Ann. Neurol. 1995, 38, 51–57. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Collie, D A.; Brush, J P.; Lammie, G A.; Grant, R.; Kunkler, I.; Leonard, R.; Gregor, A.; Sellar, R J. Imaging features of leptomeningeal metastases. Clin. Radiol. 1999, 54, 765–771. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Abrey, L E.; Rosenblum, M K.; DeAngelis, L M. Sarcoidosis of the cauda equina mimicking leptomeningeal malignancy. J. Neurooncol. 1998, 39 (3), 261–265. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Lo, Y L.; Wong, M C.; Chan, L L.; Lim, P A. Sulcal abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2002, 73 (1), 92–93. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Lin, W C.; Lirng, J F.; Fuh, J L.; Wang, S J.; Chang, F C.; Ho, C F.; Teng, M M.; Chang, C Y. MR findings of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Acta Radiol. 2002, 43 (3), 249–255. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Spelle, L.; Boulin, A.; Tainturier, C.; Visot, A.; Graveleau, P.; Pierot, L. Neuroimaging features of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Neuroradiology 2001, 43 (8), 622–627. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Mason, W.; DeAngelis, L.; Yeh, S. 111Indium-DTPA cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in leptomeningeal metastases (LM) predict intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) distribution and outcome in patients with LM. Neurology 1998, 50, 438–443. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Glantz, M J.; Hall, W A.; Cole, B F.; Chozick, B S.; Shannon, C M.; Wahlberg, L.; Akerley, W.; Marin, L.; Choy, H. Diagnosis, management and survival of patients with leptomeningeal cancer based on cerebrospinal fluid flow studies. Cancer 1995, 75, 2919–2931. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Adachi, N. Beta-2-microglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid: their value as a disease marker. A review of the recent literature. Eur. Neurol. 1991, 31, 181–185. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- DeAngelis, L. Current diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis. J. Neuro.-Oncol. 1998, 38, 245–252. [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Twinjstra, A.; Ongerboer de Visser, B W.; van Zanten, A P.; Hart, W J. Serial lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid biochemical marker measurements in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid and hematological tumors. J. Neurooncol. 1989, 7 (1), 57–63. [CROSSREF]
- Glass, J.; Melamed, M.; Chernik, N.; Posner, J. Malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): the meaning of a positive CSF cytology. Neurology 1979, 29, 1369–1375. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Rogers, L R.; Duchesneau, P M.; Nunex, C.; Fishleder, A J.; Weick, J K.; Bauer, L J.; Boyett, J M. Comparison of cisternal and lumbar CSF examination in leptomeningeal metastasis. Neurology 1992, 42, 1239–1241. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gleissner, B.; Siehl, J.; Korfel, A.; Reinhardt, R.; Thiel, E. CSF evaluation in primary CNS lymphoma patients by PCR of the CDR III IgH genes. Neurology 2002, 58 (3), 390–396. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rhodes, C H.; Glantz, M J.; Glantz, L.; Lekos, A.; Sorenson, G D.; Honsinger, C.; Levy, N B. A comparison of polymerase chain reaction examination of cerebrospinal fluid and conventional cytology in the diagnosis of lymphomatous meningitis. Cancer 1996, 77 (3), 543–548. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- van Oostenbrugge, R J.; Hopman, A H.N.; Arends, J W.; Ramaekers, F C.; Twijnstra, A. The value of interphase cytogenetics in cytology for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases. Neurology 1998, 51, 906–908. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Storch-Hagenlocher, B.; Haas, J.; Vogt-Schaden, M E.; Bentz, M.; Hoffman, L A.; Biessmann, A.; Wildemann, B. Molecular analysis of theCDR3 diagnostic tool in lymphomatous meningitis. Ann. Neurol. 2000, 47 (2), 2111–2117. [CROSSREF]
- Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B K.; Evans, L C.; Bitter, M A.; Shroyer, A L.; Shroyer, K R. Part II. Telomerase expression in cerebrospinal fluid specimens as an adjunct to cytologic diagnosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1998, 161 (2), 124–134. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- DeAngelis, L M.; Posner, J B. Telomerase activity in brain and leptomeningeal metastases. J. Neurol. Sci. 1998, 161, 114. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Stockhammer, G.; Poewe, W.; Burgstaller, S.; Deisenhammer, F.; Muigg, A.; Kiechl, S.; Schmutzhard, E.; Maier, H.; Felber, S.; Schumacher, P.; Gunsilius, E.; Gastl, G. Vascular endothelial growth factor in CSF. Neurology 2000, 45, 1670–1676.
- Gray, J.; Wallner, K. Reversal of cranial nerve dysfunction with RT in adults with lymphoma. Int. J. Radial. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1990, 19, 439–444.
- Chamberlain, M. New approaches to current treatment of leptomeningeal metastases. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 1994, 7, 492–500. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shapiro, W.; Young, D.; Mehta, B. Methotrexate distribution in CSF after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975, 293, 161–166. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Blasberg, R. Methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and BCNU concentration in brain after ventriculocisternal perfusion. Cancer Treat. Rep. 1977, 61, 625–631. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Grossman, S.; Reinhard, C.; Loats, H. The intracerebral penetration of intraventricularly administered methotrexate: a quantitative autoradiographic study. J. Neuro.-Oncol. 1989, 7, 319–328.
- Larson, S.; Schall, G.; DiChiro, G. The influence of previous lumbar puncture and pneumoencephalography on the incidence of unsuccessful radioisotope cisternography. J. Nucl. Med. 1971, 12, 555–557. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Chamberlain, M.; Corey-Bloom, J. Leptomeningeal metastases: 111Indium-DTPA CSF flow studies. Neurology 1991, 41, 1765–1769. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Moser, A M.; Adamson, P C.; Gillespie, A J.; Poplack, D G.; Balis, F M. Intraventricular concentration times time (C × T) methotrexate and cytarabine for patients with recurrent meningeal leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer 1999, 85, 511–516. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Grossman, S.; Finkelstein, D.; Ruckdeschelj, C.; Trump, D.; Moynihan, T.; Ettinger, L. Randomized prospective comparison of intraventricular methotrexate and thiotepa in patients with previously unhealed neoplastic meningitis. J. Clin. Oncol. 1993, 11, 561–569. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Jaeckle, K A.; Batchelor, T.; O'Day, S J.; Phuphanich, S.; New, P.; Lesser, G.; Cohn, A.; Gilbert, M.; Aiken, R.; Heros, D.; Rogers, L.; Wong, E.; Fulton, D.; Gutheil, J C.; Baidas, S.; Kennedy, J M.; Mason, W.; Moots, P.; Russell, C.; Swinnen, L J.; Howell, S B. An open label trial of sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) for the intrathecal treatment of solid tumor neoplastic meningitis. J. Neurooncol. 2002, 57, 231–239. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Glantz, M J.; Jaeckle, K A.; Chamberlain, M C.; Phuphanich, S.; Recht, L.; Swinnen, L J.; Maria, B.; LaFollette, S.; Schumann, G B.; Cole, B F.; Howell, S B. A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. Clin. Cancer Res. 1999, 5 (11), 3394–3402. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cole, B F.; Glantz, M J.; Jaeckle, K A.; Chamberlain, M C.; Mackowiak, J I. Quality-of-life adjusted survival comparison of sustained-release cytosine arabinoside versus intrathecal methotrexate for treatment of solid tumor neoplastic meningitis. Cancer 2003, 97 (12), 3053–3060. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Chamberlain, M.; Khatibi, S.; Kim, J.; Howell, S.; Chatelut, E.; Kim, S. Treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis with intraventricular administration of depot cytarabine (DTA 101). A phase I study. Arch. Neurol. 1993, 50, 261–264. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Chamberlain, M C.; Kormanik, P A.; Barba, D. Complications associated with Intraventricular Chemotherapy in Patients with Leptomeningeal Metastases. J. Neurosurg. 1997, 87 (5), 694–699. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Sandberg, D I.; Bilsky, M H.; Souweidane, M M.; Bzdil, J.; Gutin, P H. Ommaya reservoirs for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases. Neurosurgery 2000, 47, 49–55. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Glantz, M J.; Cole, B F.; Recht, L.; Akerley, W.; Mills, P.; Saris, S.; Hochberg, F.; Calabresi, P.; Egorin, M J. High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonleukemic leptomeningeal cancer: is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary? J. Clin. Oncol. 1998, 16, 1561–1567. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Tetef, M L.; Margolin, K A.; Doroshow, J H.; Akman, S.; Leong, L A.; Morgan, R J., Jr.; Raschko, J W.; Slatkin, N.; Somlo, G.; Longmate, J A.; Carroll, M I.; Newman, E M. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of high-dose intravenous methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2000, 46 (1), 19–26. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Morra, E.; Lazzarino, M.; Brusamolino, E.; Pagnucco, G.; Castagnola, C.; Bernasconi, P.; Orlandi, E.; Corso, A.; Santagostino, A.; Bernasconi, C. The role of systemic high-dose cytarabine in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia. Clinical results in 46 patients. Cancer 1993, 72 (2), 439–445. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Berg, S L.; Chamberlain, M C. Systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and symptom management in the treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 2003, 5 (1), 29–40. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Grant, R.; Naylor, B.; Greenberg, H.; Junck, L. Clinical outcome in aggressively treated meningeal carcinomatosis. Arch. Neurol. 1994, 51, 457–461. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Siegal, T.; Lossos, A.; Pfeffer, M. Leptomeningeal metastases: analysis of 31 patients with sustained off-therapy response following combined-modality therapy. Neurology 1994, 44, 1463–1469. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mencel, P.; DeAngelis, L.; Motzer, R. Hormonal ablation as effective therapy for carcinomatosis meningitis from prostate cancer. Cancer 1994, 73, 1892–1894. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Boogerd, W.; Dorresteijn, L D.; van Der Sandle, J J.; de Gast, G C.; Bruning, P F. Response of leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer to hormonal therapy. Neurology 1999, 55 (1), 117–119. [CSA]
- Herrlinger, U.; Schmidberger, H.; Buchhol, R.; Wehrmann, M.; Vallera, D A.; Schabet, M. Intrathecal therapy of leptomeningeal CEM T-cell lymphoma in nude rats with anti-CD7 ricin toxin A chain immunotoxin. J. Neurooncol. 1998, 40 (1), 1–9. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kochi, M.; Kuratsu, J.; Mihara, Y.; Takaki, S.; Seto, H.; Uemura, S.; Ushio, Y. Ventriculolumbar perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride. Neurosurgery 1993, 33, 817–823. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chamberlain, M C. A phase II trial of intra-cerebrospinal fluid alpha-interferon in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis. Cancer 2002, 94, 2675–2680. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Cokgor, I.; Akabani, G.; Friedman, H S.; Friedman, A H.; Zalutsky, M R.; Zehngebot, L M.; Provenzale, J M.; Guy, C D.; Wikstrand, C J.; Bigner, D D. Long-term response in a patient with neoplastic meningitis secondary to melanoma treated with 131radiolabeled antichondroitin proteoglycan sulfate Mel-14 F(ab')2. Cancer 2001, 91, 1809–1813. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]