OPENING CLOSED DOORS: IMPROVING ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH SERVICES FOR LGBT POPULATIONS

REFERENCES

• DHHS. Healthy People 2010. 2nd Edition. With Understanding and Improving Health and Objectives for Improving Health. 2 vols. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, November 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Weinick R.M., Zuvekas S.H., Drilea S.K., Access to Health Care—Sources and Barriers, 1996. MEPS Research Findings No. 3. AHCPR Pub. No. 98-0001. DHHS, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR): Rockville, MD,1997.
   Google Scholar
• Dean L. et al. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Findings and Concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2000; 4(3)101–151
   Google Scholar
• Xavier J.M., The Washington Transgender Needs Assessment Survey. Administration for HIV and AIDS of the District of Columbia, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Lee R. Health Care Problems of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients. Western Journal of Medicine 2000; 172: 403–408
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diamant A.L., Schuster M.A., McGuigan K., Lever J. Implications of Taking a Sexual History. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999; 159: 2730–2736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliason M.J., Raheim S. Experiences and Comfort with Culturally Diverse Groups in Undergraduate Pre-nursing Students. Journal of Nursing Education 2000; 39: 161–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Primary Care: America's Health in a New Era, M.S. Donaldson, K.D. Yordy, K.N. Lohr. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1996
   Google Scholar
• Truman B.I., Smith-Akin C.K., Hinman A.R. et al. Developing the Guide to Community Preventive Services—Overview and Rationale. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000; 18(2)18–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: DHHS, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• American College of Preventive Medicine. 1998 National Prevention in Primary Care Study. American College of Preventive Medicine: Washington, DC, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Primary Care: America's Health in a New Era, M.S. Donaldson, K.D. Yordy, K.N. Lohr. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1996
   Google Scholar
• DHHS. Clinician's Handbook of Preventive Services. 2nd ed. DHHS: Washington, DC, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Weinick R.M., Zuvekas S.H., Drilea S.K., Access to Health Care—Sources and Barriers, 1996. MEPS Research Findings No. 3. AHCPR Pub. No. 98-0001. DHHS, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR): Rockville, MD, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Ettner S.L. The Timing of Preventive Services for Women and Children: The Effect of Having a Usual Source of Care. American Journal of Public Health 1996; 86: 1748–1754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean L., et al. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Findings and Concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2000; 4(3)101–151
   Google Scholar
• Lohman R., Kennedy N., Levin S.M., et al., Using Alliances and Networks to Improve Treatment for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Clients. In DHHS, SAMHSA, CSAT. A Provider's Introduction to Substance Abuse Treatment for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 01-3498. DHHS, SAMHSA, CSAT: Rockville, MD, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Lesbian Health: Current Assessment and Directions for the Future, L.A. Solarz. National Academy Press: Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC 2000
   Google Scholar
• Dean L., et al. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Findings and Concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2000; 4(3)101–151
   Google Scholar
• Dean L., et al. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Findings and Concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2000; 4(3)101–151
   Google Scholar
• Turner R.J., Grindstaff C.F., Phillips N. Social Support and Outcome in Teenage Pregnancy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1990; 31(1)43–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill S., South K., Spade J., Outing Age: Public Policy Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders. Washington, DC: The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, November 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Daimant A., Wold C., Spritzer K., Gelberg L., Health Behaviors, Health Status, and Access to and Use of Health Care. Archives of Family Medicine. 9, November/December, 1043–1051, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Statistical Brief #1: The Uninsured in America 2000. January 2002. Agency for Healthca re Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/ papers/st1_01-0001/stat01.htm
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman C., Schlobohm A., Uninsured in America: A Chart Book. Report of the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Washington, DC, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• League of Women Voters Education. Join the Debate: Your Guide to Health Issues in the 2000 Election. League of Women Voters Education Fund and Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2000. Available online at www.lwv.org.
   Google Scholar
• Weinick, R.M.; Zuvekas, S.H.; Drilea, S.K. Access to Health Care— Sources and Barriers, 1996. MEPS Research Findings No. 3. AHCPR Pub. No. 98-0001. DHHS, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR): Rockville, MD, 1997
   Google Scholar
• Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). National Health Expenditures 2000 Highlights. DHHS: Baltimore, MD, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Medicaid 101: A Primer. Washington, DC, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider A., Strohmeyer V., Ellberger R., Medicaid Eligibility for Individuals with Disabilities. Report of the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Washington, DC, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Westmoreland T., Medicaid, and HIV/AIDS Policy. Prepared for the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Washington, DC, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Rowland D., Garfield R. Health Care for the Poor: Medicaid at 35. Health Care Financing Review Fall 2000; 22(1)23–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill S., Jones KT. Leaving Our Children Behind: Welfare Reform and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Community. The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, New York, NY 2001
   Google Scholar
• Badgett, M.V.L. Income Inflation: The Myth of Affluence Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Americans. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute, and the Institute for Gay and Lesbian Strategic Studies. 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford J. The National Lesbian Health Care Survey. National Lesbian and Gay Health Foundation, Washington, DC 1988
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe D. Men Like Us: The GMHC Complete Guide to Gay Men's Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Well-Being. Ballentine Books, New York, NY 2000
   Google Scholar
• Deneberg R. Report on Lesbian Hhealth. Women's Health Issues 1995; 5(2)181–191
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy N. Behavioral Medicine: Cost Effectiveness of Primary Prevention. Children's Health Care: Issues for the Year 2000 and Beyond, T.P. et al. Gullotta. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA 1999
   Google Scholar
• Deneberg R. Report on Lesbian Health. Women's Health Issues 1995; 5(2)181–191
   Google Scholar
• Stevens P.E. Structural and Interpersonal Impact of Heterosexual Assumptions on Lesbian Health Care Clients. Nursing Research 1995; 44(1)25–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valanis B., Bowen D.J., Bassford T. et al. Sexual Orientation and Health: Comparison in the Women's Health Initiative samples. Archives of Family Medicine 2000; 9: 843–853
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradford J., Ryan C. The National Lesbian Health Care Survey. National Lesbian and Gay Health Foundation, Washington, DC 1988
   Google Scholar
• Bradford J., Honhold J., Unpublished Analysis of Data from the National Lesbian Health Care Survey, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Diamant A.L., Wold C., Spritzer K., Gelberg L. Health Behaviors, Health status and Access to and use of Health Care: A Population-based Study of Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Women. Archives of Family Medicine 2000; 9(10)1043–1051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bybee D., Roeder V., Michigan Lesbian Health Survey: Results relevant to AIDS. A report to the Michigan Organization for Human Rights and the Michigan Department of Public Health; Michigan Department of Health and Human Services: Lansing, MI, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford J., Ryan C. Who We Are: Health Concerns of middle-aged Lesbians. Lesbians at Midlife: The Creative Transition, B. Sang, J. Warshow, A.J. Smith. Spinsters Book Company, San Francisco, CA 1991
   Google Scholar
• Stall R., Access to Health Care Among Men Who have Sex with Men: Data from the Urban Men's Health Study. Advancing Gay and Lesbian Health: A Report from the Gay and Lesbian Health Roundtable, Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, January 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Clements K. et al., The Transgender Community Health Project: Descriptive Results. San Francisco Department of Public Health, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Xavier J.M., The Washington Transgender Needs Assessment Survey. Administration for HIV and AIDS of the District of Columbia, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• McGowan K., Transgender Needs Assessment; The HIV Prevention Planning Unit of the New York City Department of Health: New York, NY, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Dean L. et al. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Findings and Concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2000; 4(3)101–151
   Google Scholar
• Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Key Facts: Race, Ethnicity and Medical Care. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, October 1999.
   Google Scholar
• World News, May 4, 2000. Available online at www.gayottawanow.com/archives/news/2000054MassTransHealth.html.
   Google Scholar
• JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc., and the GLBT Health Access Project. Access to Health Care for Transgendered Persons in Greater Boston, July 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Oxford Health Plans. Small Freedom Plan Point of Service. Section IV. Exclusions and Limitations, October 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Badgett L. Calculating Costs with Credibility: Health Care Benefits for Domestic Partners. Angles: The Policy Journal of the Institute for Gay and Lesbian Strategic Studies 2000; 5(1)1–8
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. The State of the Workplace for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Americans 2000. Human Rights Campaign: Washington: DC, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Managing Managed Care: Quality Improvement in Behavioral Healthcare, M. Edmunds, et al. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1997
   Google Scholar
• DHHS. Healthy People 2000: Midcourse Review. DHHS, U.S. Public Health Service: Washington, DC, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Controlling Costs and Changing Patient Care? The Role of Managed Care. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Foundation for Accountability (FACCT). Guidebook for Performance Measurement Prototype. Portland, OR: Foundation for Accountability, 1995. Available online at www.facct.org.
   Google Scholar
• FACCT. NCQA launch effort to identify National Quality Measures for Children's Health Care. News release, April 28, 1998. Available online at www.facct.org/about/kidsrel.html.
   Google Scholar
• Consumer Coalition for Quality Health Care, and NCQA Collaborate on First-Ever Conference on PPO Quality. URAC News release. October, 52000, Available online at www.urac.org.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Managing Managed Care: Quality Improvement in Behavioral Healthcare, M. Edmunds, et al. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1997
   Google Scholar
• Murguia M. Addressing the Health Needs of Gay and Lesbian Patients. Closing the Gap 1999, August/September: 10–11
   Google Scholar
• Klamen D.L., Grossman L.S., Kopacz D.R. Medical Student Homophobia. Journal of Homosexuality 1999; 37(1)53–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oriel K.A., Madlon-Kay K.F., Govaker D., Mersy D.J. Gay and Lesbian Physicians in Training: Family Practice Program Directors' Attitudes and Students' Perception of Bias. Family Medicine 1996; 28(10)720–725
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA). Anti-gay Discrimination in Medicine: Results of a National Survey of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Physicians. GLMA: San Francisco, CA, May 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Brogan D.J., Frank E., Elon L. et al. Harassment of Lesbians as Medical students and Physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association 1999; 282(13)1290–1292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murguia M. Addressing the Health Needs of Gay and Lesbian Patients. Closing the Gap. 1999, August/September: 10–11
   Google Scholar
• Lee R. Health Care Problems of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients. Western Journal of Medicine 2000; 172(June)403–408
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williamson I. Internalized Homophobia and Health issues Affecting Lesbians and Gay Men. Health Education Research 2000; 15(1)97–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claes J., Moore W. Issues Confronting Lesbian and Gay Elders: The Challenge for Health and Human Services Providers. The Journal of Health and Human Services Administration. Fall 2000; 181–202
   Google Scholar
• Murguia M. Addressing the Health Needs of Gay and Lesbian Patients. Closing the Gap 2000, August/September: 10–11
   Google Scholar
• Lee R. Health Care Problems of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients. Western Journal of Medicine 2000; 172(June)403–408
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peck S. The Importance of the Sexual Health History in the Primary Care Setting. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 2001; 30(May/June)269–274
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project. GLBT Health: Specific Concerns and Barriers to Care. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project website (www.glbthealth.org/barriers.html), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project. GLBT Health: Specific Concerns and Barriers to Care. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project website (www.glbthealth.org/barriers.html), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project. GLBT Health: Specific Concerns and Barriers to Care. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project website (www.glbthealth.org/barriers.html), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project. GLBT Health: Specific Concerns and Barriers to Care. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project website (www.glbthealth.org/barriers.html), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project. GLBT Health: Specific Concerns and Barriers to Care. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project website (www.glbthealth.org/barriers.html), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project. GLBT Health: Specific Concerns and Barriers to Care. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project website (www.glbthealth.org/barriers.html), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Peck S. The Importance of the Sexual Health History in the Primary Care Setting. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 2001; 30(May/June)269–274
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc. Access to Health Care for Transgendered Persons in Greater Boston; GLBT Health Access Project: Boston, MA, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc. Access to Health Care for Transgendered Persons in Greater Boston; GLBT Health Access Project: Boston, MA, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler S. Lessons from the Intersexed. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ 1998
   Google Scholar
• Dreger A. Intersex in the Age of Ethics. University Publishing Group, Hagerstown, MD 1999
   Google Scholar
• Dreger A. Ambiguous sex—or Ambiguous Medicine? Ethical Issues in the Medical Treatment of Intersexuality. Hastings Center Report 1998; 28(3)24–35, Available online at wwwisnaorg/articles/dregerarthtml
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiner W.G. To Be Male or female—that is the Question. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1997; 151: 224–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond M., Sigmundson H.K. Sex Reassignment of Birth: A Long Term Review and Clinical Implications. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1997; 150: 298–304
   Google Scholar
• Phornphutkul C., Fausto-Sterling C., Gruppuso P.A. Gender Self-reassignment in an XY Adolescent Female Born with Ambiguous Genitalia. Pediatrics 2000; 106: 135–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond M., Sigmundson H.K. Sex Reassignment of Birth: A Long Term Review and Clinical Implications. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1997; 150: 298–304
   Google Scholar
• Schober J.M. Early Feminizing Genitoplasty or Watchful Waiting. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 1998; 11(3)154–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benjamin H., The Transsexual Phenomenon. Düsseldorf: Symposion Publishing, 1999. As downloaded from www.symposion.com/ijt/benjamin/index.htm on December 14, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Xavier J.M., The Washington Transgender Needs Assessment Survey. Administration for HIV and AIDS of the District of Columbia, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• McGowan K., Transgender Needs Assessment; The HIV Prevention Planning Unit of the New York City Department of Health: New York, NY, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Clements K. et al., The Transgender Community Health Project: Descriptive Results. San Francisco Department of Public Health, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison A.E. Primary Care of Lesbian and Gay Patients: Educating Ourselves and Our Students. Family Medicine 1996; 28(1)57–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scout, Bradford J.B., Fields C., Removing the Barriers: Improving Individual Practitioners' Skills in Providing Healthcare to Lesbians and Women Who Partner with Women. Under review.
   Google Scholar
• Culhane-Pera K.A., Like R.C., Lebensohn-Chialvo P., Loewe R. Multicultural Curricula in Family Practice Residencies. Family Medicine 2000; 32(3)167–173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliason M.J., Raheim S. Experiences and Comfort with Culturally Diverse Groups in Undergraduate Pre-nursing Students. Journal of Nursing Education 2000; 39: 161–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliason M.J. The Prevalence and Nature of Bi-phobia in Heterosexual Undergraduate Students. Archives of Sexual Behavior 1997; 26(3)317–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison A.E. Primary Care of Lesbian and Gay Patients: Educating Ourselves and Our Students. Family Medicine 1996; 28(1)57–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Townsend M.J., Wakick M.M., Cambre K.M. Follow-up Survey of Support Services for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Medical Students. Academic Medicine 1996; 71(9)1012–1014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DHHS. Healthy People 2010. 2nd Edition. With Understanding and Improving Health and Objectives for Improving Health. 2 vols. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, November 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan C., Futterman D. Lesbian and Gay Youth: Care and Counseling. Columbia University Press, New York, NY 1998
   Google Scholar
• Gibson P. Gay Male and Lesbian Youth Suicide. Death by Denial: Studies of Suicide in Gay and Lesbian Teens, G. Remafedi. Alyson Publications, Boston, MA 1994; 15–88
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas J., Howard J. Better Dead than Gay: Depression, Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among a Sample of Gay and Straight-Identified Males aged 18–24. Youth Studies Australia 1998; 17: 28–33
   Google Scholar
• Proctor C.D., Groze V.K. Risk Factors for Suicide Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth. Social Work 1994; 39: 504–513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershberger S.L., Pilkington N.W., D'Augelli A.R. Predictors of Suicide Attempts Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth. Journal of Adolescent Research 1997; 12: 477–497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Augelli A.R., Hershberger S.L. Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Youth in Community Settings: Personal Challenges and Mental Health Problems. American Journal of Community Psychology 1993; 21: 421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen L.B., Glicken A.D., Beach R.K., Naylor K.E. Adolescent Health Care Experience of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Young Adults. Journal of Adolescent Health 1998; 23(4)212–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley N., Maheux B., Rivard M., Gervais A. Sexual Health Risk Assessment and Counseling in Primary Care: How Involved are General Practitioners and Obstetrician-Gynecologists?. American Journal of Public Health 1999; 89(6)899–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denny D., Transgender Youth at Risk for Exploitation, HIV, Hate Crimes. Healing Well. 1997. As downloaded from www.aidsinfonyc.org/q-zone/youth.html on December 22, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Russell S., Seif H., Truong N. School Outcomes of Sexual Minority Youth in the United States: Evidence from a National Study. Journal of Adolescence 2001; 24: 111–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crispin Thurlow Naming the ‘Outsider Within’: Homophobic Pejoratives and the Verbal Abuse of Lesbian Gay and Bisexual High-school Pupils. Journal of Adolescence 2001; 24: 25–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins K.S., Hall A., Neuhaus C. U.S. Minority Health: A Chartbook. The Commonwealth Fund, New York, N.Y. May 1999
   Google Scholar
• Health Insurance Coverage: 2000. US Department of Commerce: Washington, DC, September 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Fergerson G. Culture, Class, and Service Delivery: The Politics of Welfare Reform and an Urban Bioethics Agenda. J. Urban Health March 2001; 78: 81–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill S., South K., Spade J. Outing Age: Public Policy Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders. The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, Washington, DC November 2000
   Google Scholar
• Jamison G. Introduction to Transgender Issues in Transgender Equality: A Handbook for Activists and Policymakers. The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, New York, NY 2000
   Google Scholar
• Profile of Older Americans. Washington, DC: AoA, 1999. Available online at www.aoa.dhhs.gov/aoa/stats/profile/
   Google Scholar
• Cahill S., South K., Spade J. Outing Age: Public Policy Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders. The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, Washington, DC November 2000
   Google Scholar
• Behney, R. The Aging Network's Response to Gay and Lesbian Issues. Outword, Newsletter of the Lesbian and Gay Aging Issues Network of the American Society on Aging, Winter 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Raphael S. Lesbian and Gay Elders. June, 1997. Paper Presented at Conference of National Center on Elder Abuse, Long Beach, CA
   Google Scholar
• Pride Senior Network. LGBT Seniors may be Unable to Access Needed Caregivers. Networker. New York: Pride Senior Network, 1–4, Summer/Fall 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill S., South K., Spade J. Outing Age: Public Policy Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders. The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, Washington, DC November 2000
   Google Scholar
• Fairchild S.K., Carrino G.E., Ramirez M. Social Workers' Perceptions of Staff Attitudes Toward Resident Sexuality in a Random Sample of New York State Nursing Homes: A pilot study. J. Gerontological Social Work 1996; 26(1/2)
   Google Scholar
• Cahill S., South K., Spade J., Outing Age: Public Policy Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders. Washington, DC: The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, November 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill S., South K., Spade J., Outing Age: Public Policy Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders. Washington, DC: The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Foundation, November 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson R.S., Taplin S.H., McAfee T.A. et al. Primary and Secondary Prevention Services in Clinical Practice. Twenty Years' Experience in Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. J. American Medical Association 1995; 273: 1130–1135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solberg L.I., Kottke T.E., Brake M.L. et al. The Case of the Missing Clinical Preventive Services Systems. Effective Clinical Practice 1998; 1(1)33–38
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders, P.J. Mzarek, R.J. Haggerty. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1994
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse Prevention for At-risk Individuals. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pub. No. 97–4110. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), NIH, NIDA: Rockville, MD, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy N. Behavioral Medicine: Cost Effectiveness of Primary Prevention. Children's Health Care: Issues for the Year 2000 and Beyond, T.P. et al. Gullotta. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA 1999
   Google Scholar
• Wiener J.M., Illston L.H., Hanley R.J. Sharing the Burden: Strategies for Public and Private Long Term Care Insurance. The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC 1994
   Google Scholar
• National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS, 3.0). NCQA: Washington, DC, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Reviews and Dissemination. Health Service Getting Evidence into Practice. Effective Health Care 1999; 5(1)1–15
   Google Scholar
• Forrest C.B., Starfield B. Entry into Primary Care and Continuity: The Effects of Access. American J. Public Health 1998; 88: 1334
   Google Scholar
• Forrest C.B., Starfield B. Entry into Primary Care and Continuity: The Effects of Access. American J. Public Health 1998; 88: 1334
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine (IOM). New directions in definitions. Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders, P.J. Mzarek, R.J. Haggerty. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1994
   Google Scholar
• Valanis B., Bowen D.J., Bassford T. et al. Sexual Orientation and Health: Comparison in the Women's Health Initiative Samples. Archives of Family Medicine 2000; 9: 843–853
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koh A.S. Use of Preventive Health Behaviors by Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women: Questionnaire Survey. Western J. Medicine 2000; 172(6)379–384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fethers K., Marks C., Mindel A., Estcourt C. Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Behaviors in Women Who have Sex with Women. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2000; 76: 345–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner W.F. The Prevalence and Demographic Predictors of Illicit and Licit Drug use among Lesbians and Gay Men. American J. Public Health 1994; 84: 1307–1310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier J.M., The Washington Transgender Needs Assessment Survey. Administration for HIV and AIDS of the District of Columbia, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc., and the GLBT Health Access Project, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• McGowan K., Transgender Needs Assessment; The HIV Prevention Planning Unit of the New York City Department of Health: New York, NY, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• The Transgender Community Health Project; San Francisco Department of Public Health: San Francisco, CA, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Garofalo M.D., Wolf R.C., Kessel S. et al. The Association Between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation among a School-based Sample of Adolescents. Pediatrics 1998; 101: 185–902
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diamant A.L., Schuster M.A., Lever J. Receipt of Preventive Health Care Services by Lesbians. American J. Preventive Medicine 2000; 19(3)141–148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen L.B., Glicken A.D., Beach R.K., Naylor K.E. Adolescent Health Care Experience of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Young Adults. J. Adolescent Health 1998; 23(4)212–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primary Care. America's Health in a New Era, M.S. Donaldson, K.D. Yordy, K.N. Lohr. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1996, Institue of Medicine
   Google Scholar
• Access to Health Care in America, M. Millman. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1993, Institute of Medicine
   Google Scholar
• Farmer F.L., Stokes C.S., Fiser R.H., Papini D.P. Poverty, Primary Care and Age-specific Mortality. J. Rural Health 1991; 7: 153–169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shi L. The Relationship Between Primary Care and Life Choices. J. Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 1992; 3: 321–335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Starfield B. Is Primary Care Essential?. The Lancet 1994; 344: 1129–1133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy N. Behavioral Medicine: Cost Effectiveness of Primary Prevention. Children's Health Care: Issues for the Year 2000 and Beyond, T.P. et al. Gullotta. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA 1999
   Google Scholar
• Moy E., Bartman B.A., Weir M.R. Access to Hypertensive Care: Effects of Income, Insurance, and Source of Care. Archives of Internal Medicine 1995; 155(14)1497–1502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettner S.L. The Timing of Preventive Services for Women and Children: The Effect of Having a Usual Source of Care. American J. Public Health 1996; 86: 1748–1754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). National Health Interview Survey. NCHS: Hyattsville, MD, Unpublished data
   Google Scholar
• Starfield B. Primary Care: Balancing Health Needs, Services and Technology. Oxford University Press, New York, NY 1998
   Google Scholar
• Forrest C.B., Starfield B. Entry into Primary Care and Continuity: The Effects of Access. American Journal of Public Health 1998; 88: 1334
   Google Scholar
• Forrest C.B., Starfield B. The Effect of First-contact Care with Primary Care Clinicians on Ambulatory Health Care Expenditures. J. Family Practice 1996; 43: 40–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc., and the GLBT Health Access Project, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Hospitalization in the United States, 1997 (HCUP Fact Book No. 1). AHRQ Publication No. 00-0031. DHHS, AHRQ: Rockville, MD, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Horgan C., Larson M.J., Simon L. Medicaid Funding for Drug Abuse Treatment: A National Perspective. Services Research Monograph No. 1: Financing Drug Abuse Treatment Through State Programs, G. Denmead, B.A. Bouse. MD, Rockville 1994, NIH Pub. No. 94-3543. DHHS, NIH, NIDA
   Google Scholar
• Solloway M.R. A Fifty-State Survey of Medicaid Coverage of Substance Abuse Services. The George Washington University, Washington, DC 1992, Intergovernmental Health Policy Project
   Google Scholar
• Guth A.A., Pachter L. Domestic Violence and the Trauma Surgeon. American J. Surgery 2000; 179(2)134–140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox J, Feinberg. Going Public-Trans Health Crisis: For us it's Life or Death. American J. Public Health June 2001; 91(6)897–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puska P. et al. The Community-based Strategy to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease: Conclusions from the Ten Years of the North Karelia Project. Annual Review of Public Health 1985; 6: 147–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lando H.A., Loken B., Howard-Pitney B., Pechacek T. Community Impact of a Localized Smoking Cessation Contest. American J. Public Health 1990; 80: 601–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of State and Territorial Health Officers (ASTHO). Public Health Data Sources and Assessment Tools: Measuring Progress Towards 100% Access and 0 Health Disparities. ASTHO Resource Compendium, 2000. Available online at www.astho.org/access/documents/publichealthdatasources.html
   Google Scholar
• Kreuter, M.; Lezin, N. Are Consortia/Collaboratives Effective in Changing Health Status and Health Systems? A Critical Review of the Literature. Prepared for the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Legislation, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Myers A.M., Pfeiffle P., Hinsdale K. Building a Community-based Consortium for AIDS Patient Services. Public Health Reports 1994; 109(4)555–562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JRI Health. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project Community Standards of Practice. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Access Project, Boston, MA, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Sanlo, R.L. Community Standards of Practice for Provision of Quality Health Care Services for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Clients: Creating Safe and Healthy Campus Environments for GLBT Students. American College Health Association, Northern Virginia Community College, October 2000
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, H. The Transsexual Phenomenon. Düsseldorf: Symposion Publishing, 1999. As Downloaded from www.symposion.com/ijt/benjamin/index.htm on December 14, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Tom Waddell Health Center. Protocols for Hormonal Reassignment of Gender. San Francisco, CA: Tom Waddell Health Center, 1998. As Downloaded from http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/topics/transgendered_people/2098.3d5a.html on December 22, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Miller, M.; Solot, D. Tips for Health Care Providers when Working with Bisexually-Identified and Behaviorally-Bisexual Clients, 2000. Available online at www.biresource.org/bothteams/tips.html
   Google Scholar
• Schneider J.S., Levin S. Uneasy Partners: The Lesbian and Gay Healthcare Community and the AMA. J. American Medical Association 1999; 282(13)1287–1288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. 2, DHHS, Washington, DC 1995
   Google Scholar
• Wallace R.M., Wiese W.H., Lawrence R.S. et al. Inventory of Knowledge and Skills Relating to Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. American J. Preventive Medicine 1990; 6: 51–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer J.A., Silow-Carroll S. Increasing Access: Building Solutions. Economic and Social Research Institute, Washington, DC June 2000
   Google Scholar
• Meyer J.A., Silow-Carroll S. Increasing Access: Building Solutions. Economic and Social Research Institute, Washington, DC June 2000
   Google Scholar
• Coolidge, L. Family Ties: Fenway's Alternative Insemination Program Turns 15. Outlook Spring 1999
   Google Scholar
• Fenway Community Health Center. Expanding Program Evaluation and Health Outcomes Research Capability of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Centers. Unpublished proposal, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Lohman, R.; Kennedy, N.; Levin, S.M. et al. Using Alliances and Networks to Improve Treatment for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Clients. In DHHS, SAMHSA, CSAT. A Provider's Introduction to Substance Abuse Treatment for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 01-3498. DHHS: Rockville, MD, SAMHSA, CSAT, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Lee R. Health Care Problems of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients. Western J. Medicine 2000; 172: 403–408
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison A.E., Silenzio V.M. Comprehensive Care of Lesbian and Gay Patients and Families. Primary Care; Clinics in Office Practice 1996; 23(1)41–46
   Google Scholar