84
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Formulation and Characterization of W/O/W Multiple Emulsions of Calcium Thioglycolate

Pages 13-21 | Received 10 May 2000, Accepted 09 Oct 2000, Published online: 05 Feb 2007

REFERENCES

  • Florence , A. T. and Whitehill , D. 1982 . The formulation and stability of multiple emulsions . Int. J. Pharm. , 11 : 277 – 308 .
  • De Luca , M. , Rocha-Filho , P. , Grossiord , J. L. , Rabaron , A. , Vaution , C. and Seiller , M. 1991 . Les emulsions multiples . Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , 13 : 1 – 21 .
  • Mishra , B. and Pandit , J. K. 1990 . Multiple W/O/W emulsions as prolonged-release formulation of pentazocine . J. Controlled Release , 14 : 53 – 60 .
  • Gallarate , M. , Cavalli , R. , Gagliardi , E. and Carlotti , M. E. 1999 . On the use of saccharose esters as emulsifiers for W/O/W multiple emulsions containing ascorbic acid . Acta Technologiae et legis Medicamenti , X ( 1 ) : 1 – 16 .
  • Gallarate , M. , Carlotti , M. E , Trotta , M. and Bovo , S. 1999 . On the stability of ascorbic acid in emulsified systems for topical and cosmetic use . Int. J. Pharm. , 188 : 233 – 241 .
  • Raynal , S. , Grossiord , J. L. , Seiller , M. and Clausse , D. 1993 . A topical W/O/W multiple emulsion containing several active substances: formulation, characterization and study of release . J. Controlled Release , 26 : 129 – 140 .
  • Denine , R. , Jager-Lezer , N. , Grossiord , J. L. and Seiller , M. 1996 . Influence de la formulation d’une émulsion multiple cosmétique sur la libération des actives encapsulés . Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , 18 : 103 – 122 .
  • Magdassi , S. and Garti , N. 1986 . A kinetic model for release of electrolytes from W/O/W multiple emulsions . J. Controlled Release , 3 : 273 – 277 .
  • Carlotti , M. E. , Gallarate , M. , Morel , S. and Pattarino , F. 1997 . Preparazione di emulsioni multiple cosmetiche contenenti sostanze funzionali . Acta Technologiae et Legis Medicamenti , VII : 169 – 190 .
  • Nakano , M. and Patel , N. K. 1970 . Effect of molecular interaction on permeation of organic molecules through dimethyl polysiloxane membrane . J. Pharm. Sci. , 59 : 77 – 81 .
  • Gallarate , M. , Gasco , M. R. and Trotta , M. 1988 . Influence of octanoic acid on membrane permeability of timolol from solutions and from microemulsions . Acta Pharm. Technol. , 34 : 102 – 108 .
  • Cavrini , V. , Andrisano , V. , Gatti , R. and Scapini , G. 1990 . HPLC determination of thioglycolic acid and other aliphatic thiols in cosmetic formulations using ethacrynic acid as precolumn derivatization reagent . Int. J. Cosm. Sci. , 12 : 141 – 150 .
  • Wilkinson , J. B. and Moor , R. J. , eds. (1997) . “ Depilatories ” . In Harry's Cosmeticology , Seventh edition Vol. 142 ,
  • Doucet , O. , Ferrero , L. , Garcia , N. and Zastrow , L. 1998 . O/W emulsion and W/O/W multiple emulsion: physical characterization and skin pharmacokinetic comparison in the delivery process of caffeine . Int. J. Cosm. Sci. , 20 : 283 – 295 .
  • Terrisse , I. , Seiller , M. , Rabaron , A. , Grossiord , J. L. , Magnet , A. and Le Hen-Ferrenbach , C. 1992 . Rheology: how to characterize and to predict the evolution of W/O/W multiple emulsion . Int. J. Cosm. Sci. , 15 : 53 – 62 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.