Human CYPs: in vivo and clinical aspects

REFERENCES

• Rendic S., Di Carlo F. Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: A Status Report Summarizing Their Reactions, Substrates, Inducers and Inhibitors. Drug Metab. Rev. 1997; 29: 413–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guengerich F.P. Cytochromes P450 of Human Liver. Classification and Activity Profiles of the Major Enzymes. Advances in Drug Metabolism in Man, G.M. Pacifici, G.N. Fracchia. European Commission. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxenbourg 1995; 179–231
   Google Scholar
• Meyer U.A. Pharmacogenetics: The Slow, the Rapid, and the Ultrarapid. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1994; 91: 1983–1984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelkonen O., Taavitsainen P., Rautio A., Raunio H., Mäenpää J. Inhibition and Induction of Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes. Xenobiotica 1998; 28: 1203–1253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith D.A. Induction and Drug Development. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2000; 11: 185–189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J.H., Lu A.Y.H. Interindividual Variability in Inhibition and Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2001; 41: 535–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelkonen O., Boobis A.R., Kremers P., Ingelman-Sundberg M., Rane A. Interindividual Variation of P450 Enzymes In Vitro and Its Causes. Variation of Drug metabolism in Humans, G.M. Pacifici, O. Pelkonen. Taylor and Francis, London 2001; 269–332
   Google Scholar
• Pelkonen O., Breimer D.D. Role of Environmental Factors in the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs—Considerations with Respect to Animal Models. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, P.G. Welling, L.P. Balant. Karger, Basel 1994; 289–332
   Google Scholar
• Pelkonen O., Rautio A., Raunio H., Pasanen M. CYP2A6: A Human Coumarin 7-Hydroxylase. Toxicology 2000; 144: 139–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streetman D.S., Bertino J.S., Nafziger A.N. Phenotyping of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Adults: A Review of In-Vivo Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping Probes. Pharmacogenetics 2000; 10: 187–216
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Streetman D.S., Bleakley J.F., Kim J.S., Nafziger A.N., Leeder J.S., Gaedigk A., Gotschall R., Kearns G.L., Bertino J.S., Jr. Combined Phenotypic Assessment of CYP1A2 CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A, N-acetyltransferase-2, and Xanthine Oxidase with the Cooperstown Cocktail. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2000; 68: 375–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrillo J.A., Benitez J. Clinically Significant Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Dietary Caffeine and Medications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2000; 39: 127–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen O.V., Linnet K. Fluvoxamine–Clozapine Drug Interaction: Inhibition In Vitro of Five Cytochrome P450 Isoforms Involved in Clozapine Metabolism. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2000; 20: 35–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W., Kilicarslan T., Tyndale R.F., Sellers E.M. Evaluation of Methoxsalen, Tranylcypromine, and Tryptamine as Specific and Selective CYP2A6 Inhibitors In Vitro. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2001; 29: 897–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taavitsainen P., Juvonen R., Pelkonen O. In Vitro Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Human Liver Microsomes by a Potent CYP2A6 Inhibitor, trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine (Tranylcypromine), and Its Nonamine Analog, Cyclopropylbenzene. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2001; 29: 217–222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faucette S.R., Hawke R.L., Lecluyse E.L., Shord S.S., Yan B., Laethem R.M., Lindley C.M. Validation of Bupropion Hydroxylation as a Selective Marker of Human Cytochrome P450 2B6 Catalytic Activity. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2000; 28: 1222–1230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komatsu K., Ito K., Nakajima Y., Kanamitsu S., Imaoka S., Funae Y., Green C.E., Tyson C.A., Shimada N., Sugiyama Y. Prediction of In Vivo Drug–Drug Interactions Between Tolbutamide and Various Sulfonamides in Humans Based on In Vitro Experiments. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2000; 28: 475–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin S., Loriot M.A., Poirier J.M., Tenneze L., Beaune P.H., Funck-Brentano C., Jaillon P., Becquemont L. Is Diclofenac a Valuable CYP2C9 Probe in Humans?. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2001; 56: 793–797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancy A., Dijols S., Poli S., Guengerich P., Mansuy D. Interaction of Sulfaphenazole Derivatives With Human Liver Cytochromes P450 2C: Molecular Origin of the Specific Inhibitory Effects of Sulfaphenazole on CYP2C9 and Consequences for the Substrate Binding Site Topology of CYP2C9. Biochemistry 1996; 35: 16205–16212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein J.A., De Morais S.M.F. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Human CYP2C Subfamily. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4: 285–299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boobis A.R., Davies D.S. Human Cytochromes. Xenobiotica 1994; 14: 151–185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues A.D., Roberts E.M. The In Vitro Interaction of Dexmedetomidine with Human Liver Microsomal Cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). Drug Metab. Disp. 1997; 25: 651–655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourrie M., Meunier V., Berger Y., Fabre G. Cytochrome P450 Isoform Inhibitors as a Tool for the Investigation of Metabolic Reactions Catalyzed by Human Liver Microsomes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1996; 277: 321–332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber C.S. Cytochrome P-450 2E1: Its Physiological and Pathological Role. Physiol. Rev. 1997; 77: 517–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharasch E.D., Hankins D.C., Jubert C., Thummel K.E., Taraday J.K. Lack of Single-Dose Disulfiram Effects on Cytochrome P-450 2C92C19, 2D6, and 3A4 Activities: Evidence for Specificity Toward P-450 2E1. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1999; 27: 717–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson G.R. Cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) Metabolism: Prediction of In Vivo Activity in Humans. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 1996; 24: 475–490
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Venkatakrishnan K., von Moltke L.L., Greenblatt D.J. Effects of the Antifungal Agents on Oxidative Drug Metabolism: Clinical Relevance. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2000; 38: 111–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti M.S. Enzyme Induction and Inhibition by New Antiepileptic Drugs: a Review of Human Studies. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2000; 14: 301–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baciewicz A.M., Self T.H., Bekemeyr W.B. Update on Rifampicin Drug Interactions. Arch. Int. Med. 1987; 147: 565–568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxman D.J., Lapenson D.P., Aoyama T., Gelboin H.V., Gonzalez F.J., Korzekwa K. Steroid Hormone Hydroxylase Specificities of Eleven cDNA-Expressed Human Cytochrome P450s. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1991; 290: 160–166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guengerich F.P. Cytochrome P-450 3A4: Regulation and Role in Drug Metabolism. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1999; 39: 1–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen H.E., Loft S. Antipyrine as a Model Drug to Study Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Capacity. J. Hepatol. 1988; 6: 374–382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkett D.J., Mackenzie P.I., Veronese M.E., Miners J.O. In Vitro Approaches Can Predict Human Drug Metabolism. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1993; 14: 292–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar