Publication Cover
Drying Technology
An International Journal
Volume 20, 2002 - Issue 9
775
Views
57
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

MODELLING OF PARTICULATE DRYING IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

&
Pages 1699-1750 | Published online: 06 Feb 2007

REFERENCES

  • AFSIA . 2001 . Cahier No. 19, Sechage et Aeraulique Villeurbanne, cedex Proceedings of Meeting on March 22–23, 2001, Poitiers, France, AFSIA-ESCPE, 69616;
  • Audu , T.O.K. 1978 . Spray Drying Characteristics of Various Detergent Slurry Drops . Tenside Detergents , 15 ( 1 ) : 13 – 15 .
  • Bahu , R.E. 1994 . Fluidised Bed Dryer Scale-up . Drying Technol. , 12 ( 1–2 ) : 329 – 339 .
  • Baker , C.G.J. 1983 . “ Cascading Rotary Dryers, Chapter 1 ” . In Advances in Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 2 , 1 – 51 . New York : Hemisphere .
  • Baker , C.G.J. 1988 . The Design of Flights in Cascading Rotary Dryers . Drying Technol. , 6 ( 4 ) : 631
  • Baker , C.G.J. 1992 . Air–Solids Drag in Cascading Rotary Dryers . Drying Technol. , 10 ( 2 ) : 365 – 393 .
  • Burgschweiger , J. , Groenewold , H. , Hirschmann , C. and Tsotsas , E. 1999 . From Hygroscopic Single Particle to Batch Fluidized Bed Drying Kinetics . The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 77 : 333 – 341 .
  • Cao , W.F. and Langrish , T.A.G. 1999 . Comparison of Residence Time Models for Cascading Rotary Dryers . Drying Technol. , 17 ( 4&5 ) : 825
  • Cao , W.F. and Langrish , T.A.G. 2000 . The Development and Validation of a System Model for a Countercurrent Cascading Rotary Dryer . Drying Technology , 18 ( 1&2 ) : 99 – 116 .
  • Cheong , H.W. , Jeffryes , G.V. and Mumford , C.J. 1986 . A Receding Interface Model for the Drying of Slurry Droplets . AIChEJ , 32 : 1334 – 1346 .
  • Crowe , C.T. 1980 . “ Modelling Spray–Air Contact in Spray-Drying Systems ” . In Advances in Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 1 , 63 – 99 . New York : Hemisphere .
  • Friedman , S.J. and Marshall , W.R. 1949 . Studies in Rotary Drying. Part 1, Holdup and Dusting . Chem. Eng. Progr. , 45 ( 8 ) : 482 – 493 .
  • Froessling , N. 1938 . Gerlands Beitr . Geophys. , 52 : 170 Quoted in Keey, 1972, p. 163
  • Fyhr , C. and Kemp , I.C. 1999 . Mathematical Modelling of Batch and Continuous Well-Mixed Fluidised Bed Dryers . Chemical Engineering and Processing , 38 : 11 – 18 .
  • Fyhr , C. , Kemp , I.C. and Wimmerstedt , R. 1999 . Mathematical Modelling of Fluidised Bed Dryers with Horizontal Dispersion . Chemical Engineering and Processing , 38 : 89 – 94 .
  • Fyhr , C. and Kemp , I.C. 1998a . Evaluation of the Thin-Layer Method Used for Measuring Single Particle Drying Kinetics . Transactions IChemE, Part A , 76 ( A7 (October 1998) : 815 – 822 .
  • Fyhr , C. and Kemp , I.C. 1998b . Comparison of Different Kinetics Models for Single Particle Drying Kinetics . Drying Technology , 16 ( 7 ) : 1339 – 1369 .
  • Gardiner , S.P. “ Dryer Troubleshooting ” . In SPS Drying Manual Volume XI (Dryer Operations) Part 3 Available only to licencees of the SPS Process Manual, 1996
  • Goldberg , J.E. 1987 . Prediction of Spray Dryer Performance University of Oxford . D.Phil. Thesis
  • Hirschmann , C. , Fyhr , C. , Tsotsas , E. and Kemp , I.C. Comparison of Two Basic Methods for Measuring Drying Curves: Thin Layer Method and Drying Channel Vol. A , 224 – 231 . Proc. 11th Int. Drying Symp., Halkidiki, Greece, 1998
  • Huber , R.A. and Keey , R.B. “ Spray Dryers ” . In SPS Drying Manual Volume V Part 3 Available only to licencees of the Process Manual or subscribers to SPS, 1984
  • Keech , A.M. , Keey , R.B. and Kemp , I.C. 1996 . “ A New Apparatus to Determine the Drying Behaviour of Particulate Solids at Low Moisture Contents ” . In Drying 96 Edited by: Strumillo , C. and Pakowski , Z. Vol. A , pp. 145 – 150 . Proc. 10th Int. Drying Symp., IDS’96, Krakow, Poland, July 30–Aug 2, 1996, Polish Acad. of Sciences et al. (Spons.); ISBN 83 86903-07-04
  • Keech , A.M. , Keey , R.B. and Kemp , I.C. The Fundamental Mechanisms of Drying Particles to Low-Moisture Contents World Congress on Particle Technology: Brighton, July 1998
  • Keey , R. 1972 . Drying; Principles and Practice Pergamon Press .
  • Keey , R.B. 1992 . Drying of Loose and Particulate Materials New York : Hemisphere .
  • Keey , R. 2001 . Conference Report on the 12th International Drying Symposium, IDS 2000 . Drying Technology , 19 ( 1 ) : 237 – 244 .
  • Kelly , J.J. 1969a . Analysis of Design and Operating Procedures for Rotary Dryers and Coolers. Part II. Introductory Analysis of Residence Time Relationships . Technol. Ireland , 1 ( 1 ) : 15
  • Kelly , J.J. 1969b . Analysis of Design and Operating Procedures for Rotary Dryers and Coolers. Part III. Effect of Gas Flow on Residence Times . Technol. Ireland , 1 ( 2 ) : 25
  • Kelly , J.J. and O’Donnell , P. 1977 . Residence Time Model for Rotary Drums . Trans. IChemE , 55 ( 4 ) : 243
  • Kemp , I.C. 1999 . Progress in Dryer Selection Techniques . Drying Technology , 17 ( 7&8 ) : 1667 – 1680 .
  • Kemp , I.C. , Bahu , R.E. and Oakley , D.E. Pneumatic Conveying Drying pp. 413 – 426 . Proceedings of Pneumatech 4, Glasgow, 1990; (June 1990)
  • Kemp , I.C. , Bahu , R.E. and Oakley , D.E. 1991 . “ Modelling Vertical Pneumatic Conveying Dryers ” . In Drying ’91 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 217 – 227 . Elsevier . 7th Int. Drying Symp. Prague, Czechoslovakia, Aug 1990; ISBN 0444893520
  • Kemp , I.C. , Bahu , R.E. and Pasley , H.S. 1994 . Model Development and Experimental Studies of Vertical Pneumatic Conveying Dryers . Drying Technology , 12 ( 6 ) : 1323 – 1340 .
  • Kemp , I.C. and Fernandez , M. Unpublished SPS research 2001
  • Kemp , I.C. , Frankum , D.P. , Abrahamson , J. and Saruchera , T. “ Solids Residence Time and Drying in Cyclones ” . In Drying ’98 Vol. A , 581 – 588 . Proceedings 11th IDS, Thessaloniki, 1998
  • Kemp , I.C. , Fyhr , C. , Laurent , S. , Roques , M. , Groenewold , C. , Tsotsas , E. , Sereno , A. , Bonazzi , C. , Bimbenet , J. and Kind , M. 2001 . Methods for Processing Experimental Drying Kinetics Data . Drying Technology , 19 ( 1 ) : 15 – 34 .
  • Kemp , I.C. and Gardiner , S.P. 2001 . An Outline Method for Troubleshooting and Problem-Solving in Dryers . Drying Technology , 19 ( 8 ) : pp. 1875 – 1890 . also in Proceedings 12th IDS, 2000, Noordwijkerhout, [on CD-ROM], paper 271
  • Kemp , I.C. and Milborne , R. Design of Rotary Driers and Their Application in the Fertiliser Industry Proceedings of the International Fertiliser Society, Paper no. 451, 2000
  • Kemp , I.C. and Oakley , D.E. 1997 . Simulation and Scale-up of Pneumatic Conveying and Cascading Rotary Dryers . Drying Technology , 15 ( 6–8 ) : 1699 – 1710 . also in Proceedings of 10th IDS, 1996, A, pp. 250–258
  • Kemp , I.C. , Oakley , D.E. and Bahu , R.E. 1991 . Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of Vertical Pneumatic Conveying Dryers . Powder Technol. , 65 ( 1–3 ) : 477 – 484 .
  • Kunii , D. and Levenspiel , O. 1991 . Fluidization Engineering, , 2nd Ed. Boston, , USA : Butterworth-Heinemann .
  • Langrish , T.A.G. 1988 . The Mathematical Modelling of Cascading Rotary Dryers Oxford D.Phil. Thesis
  • Langrish , T.A.G. Wind-Tunnel and Pilot-Plant Tests for Estimating Entrainment in Cascading Rotary Dryers . SPS Research Note Presented at SPS Drying Panel, January 1992
  • Langrish , T.A.G. 1996 . “ Flowsheet Simulations and the Use of CFD Simulations ” . In Drying Technology, Drying ’96 Edited by: Strumillo , C. and Pakowski , Z. Vol. A , pp. 40 – 51 . Lodz Technical University (publ.) . Proc. 10th. Int. Drying Symp. (IDS’96), Krakow, Poland
  • Langrish , T.A.G. , Bahu , R.E. and Reay , D. 1991a . “ Drying Kinetics of Particles from Thin Layer Drying Experiments ” . In Drying ’91 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 196 – 206 . Elsevier . (7th Int. Drying Symp., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Aug 1990); ISBN 0444893520
  • Langrish , T.A.G. , Bahu , R.E. and Reay , D. 1991b . Drying Kinetics of Particles from Thin Layer Drying Experiments . Chem. Eng. Res & Des. (Transactions IChemE) , 69 ( 5 ) : 417 – 424 .
  • Langrish , T.A.G. and Fletcher , D.F. 2001 . Spray Drying of Food Ingredients and Applications of CFD in Spray Drying . Paper submitted to Trans. IchemE
  • Langrish , T.A.G. , Oakley , D.E. , Keey , R.B. , Bahu , R.E. and Hutchinson , C.A. 1993 . Time-Dependent Flow Patterns in Spray Dryers . Trans. I. Chem. E. , 71 ( A ) : 355 – 360 .
  • Langrish , T.A.G. , Papadakis , S.E. and Baker , C.G.J. 2001 . Residence Times of Two- and Three-component Mixtures in Cascading Rotary Dryers . Paper accepted by Drying Technology
  • Langrish , T.A.G. , Reay , D. , Bahu , R.E. and Whalley , P.B. 1988 . An Investigation into Heat Transfer in Cascading Rotary Dryers . J. Separ. Proc. Technol. , 9 : 15
  • LeBarbier , C. , Kockel , T.K. , Fletcher , D.F. and Langrish , T.A.G. 2001 . Experimental Measurement and Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Swirl on Flow Stability in Spray Dryers . Paper accepted for Chemical Engineering Progress
  • Livesley , D.M. , Oakley , D.E. , Gillespie , R.F. , Elhaus , B. , Ranpuria , C.K. , Taylor , T. , Wood , W. and Yeoman , M.L. 1992 . “ Development and Validation of a Computational Model for Spray–Gas Mixing in Spray Dryers ” . In Drying ’92 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 407 – 416 . Elsevier . Proc. 8th Intl. Drying Symp. (IDS ’92), Montreal, Canada
  • Luikov , A.V. 1935 . The Drying of Peat . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 27 : 40 – 69 .
  • Luikov , A.V. 1966 . Heat and Mass Transfer in Capillary-Porous Bodies Oxford, , UK : Pergamon Press .
  • McKenzie , K.A. and Bahu , R.E. 1991 . “ Material Model for Fluidised Bed Drying ” . In Drying ’91 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 130 – 141 . Elsevier . (Selected papers from 7th Int. Drying Symp., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Aug 1990); ISBN 0444893520
  • Masters , K. “ Deposit-Free Spray Drying: Dream or Reality? ” . In Drying ’96 Edited by: Strumillo , C. and Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. A , 52 – 60 . Proc. Tenth International Drying Symposium (IDS ’96), Krakow, Poland, 1996
  • Matchett , A.J. and Baker , C.G.J. 1987 . Particle Residence Times in Cascading Rotary Dryers. Part 1—Derivation of the Two-Stream Model . Journal of Separation Process Technology , 8 : 11 – 17 .
  • Matchett , A.J. and Baker , C.G.J. 1988 . Particle Residence Times in Cascading Rotary Dryers. Part 2—Application of the Two-Stream Model to Experimental and Industrial Data . J. Separ. Proc. Technol. , 9 : 5
  • Matchett , A.J. and Sheikh , M.S. 1990 . An Improved Model of Particle Motion in Cascading Rotary Dryers . Trans. IChemE , 68 ( Part A ) : 139
  • Moyers , C.G. 1994 . Scale-up of Layer Dryers; A Unified Approach . Drying Technology , 12 ( 1&2 ) : 393 – 416 .
  • Oakley , D.E. “ Design of Layer and Contact Dryers ” . In SPS Drying Manual Volume VII Part 4 Available only to licencees of the SPS/Process Manual, 2001
  • Oakley , D.E. , Bahu , R.E. and Reay , D. 1988 . “ The Aerodynamics of Cocurrent Spray Dryers ” . In Proc. 6th Int. Drying Symp, IDS ’88 Edited by: Roques , M. France, OP : Versailles . 373-OP 378
  • Oakley , D.E. and Bahu , R.E. 1991 . “ Spray/Gas Mixing Behaviour within Spray Dryers ” . In Drying ’91 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. and Filkova , I. 303 – 313 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Oakley , D.E. and Keey , R.B. 1996 . “ Air Pumping by Rotary Atomizers in Spray Dryers ” . In Drying 96 Edited by: Strumillo , C. and Pakowski , Z. Vol. A , pp. 513 – 520 . Proc. 10th. Int. Drying Symp. (IDS’96), Krakow, Poland; ISBN 83 86903-07-04
  • Papadakis , S.E. , Langrish , T.A.G. , Kemp , I.C. and Bahu , R.E. “ A Short-cut Design Method for Cascading Rotary Dryers ” . In Drying ’92 pp. 1258 – 1267 . Proceedings of 8th International Drying Symposium, Montreal, 1992
  • Price , C.J. “ Developing a Reliable Crystallization Process ” . In SPS Symposia Maidenhead, UK and Wilmington, USA, 1998; Available only to subscribers to SPS, 1998
  • Ranz , W.E. and Marshall , W.R. 1952 . Evaporation from Drops . Chem. Eng. Progr. , 48 ( 3 ) : 141 – 146 . and 48(4), 173–180
  • Reay , D. 1989 . “ A Scientific Approach to the Design of Continuous Flow Dryers for Particulate Solids ” . In Multiphase Sci. & Technol Edited by: Hewitt , G.F. , Delhaye , J.M. and Zuber , N. Vol. 4 , pp. 1 – 102 . Hemisphere Pub. Corp. . ISBN 0891166491
  • Reay , D. and Allen , R.W.K. 1982a . Predicting the Performance of a Continuous Well-mixed Fluid Bed Dryer from Batch Tests Edited by: Ashworth , J.C. Vol. II , 130 – 140 . Drying Research Ltd. . Proc. 3rd Int. Drying Symp., Birmingham
  • Reay , D. and Allen , R.W.K. 1982b . The Effect of Bed Temperature on Fluid Bed Batch Drying Curves . J. Sep. Process Technol. , 3 ( 4 ) : 11 – 13 .
  • Renaud , M. , Thibauld , J. and Trusiak , A. 2000 . Solids Transportation Model of an Industrial Rotary Dryer . Drying Technology , 18 ( 4&5 ) : 843 – 865 .
  • Saeman , W.C. and Mitchell , T.R. 1954 . An Analysis of Rotary Dryer and Cooler Performance . Chem. Eng. Progr. , 50 ( 9 ) : 467
  • Saruchera , T. 1999 . Measurement and Modelling of Particle Residence Time in a Return-Flow Cyclone New Zealand : University of Canterbury . Ph.D. Thesis
  • Schofield , F.R. and Glikin , P.G. 1962 . Rotary Dryers and Coolers for Granular Fertilizers . Trans. IChemE , 40 : 183
  • Schlünder , E. 1984 . Heat Transfer to Packed and Stirred Beds from the Surface of Immersed Bodies . Chem. Eng. Process. , 18 : 31 – 53 .
  • Schlünder , E. and Mollekopf , N. 1984 . Vacuum Contact Drying of Free-flowing Particulate Materials . Chem. Eng. Process. , 18 : 93 – 111 .
  • Shahhosseini , S. , Cameron , I.T. and Wang , F.Y. 2000 . A Simple Dynamic Model for Solid Transport in Rotary Dryers . Drying Technology , 18 ( 4&5 ) : 867 – 886 .
  • Tsotsas , E. 1994 . From Single Particle to Fluid Bed Drying Kinetics . Drying Technology , 12 ( 6 ) : 1401 – 1426 .
  • van Meel , D.A. 1958 . Adiabatic Convection Batch Drying with Recirculation of Air . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 9 : 36 – 44 .
  • Vanecek , V. , Picka , J. and Najmr , S. 1964 . Some Basic Information on the Drying of Granulated NPK Fertilisers . Int. Chem. Eng. , 4 ( 1 ) : 93 – 99 .
  • Vanecek , V. , Picka , J. and Najmr , S. 1966 . Fluidised Bed Drying London : Leonard Hill .
  • Whitaker , S. 1977 . “ Simultaneous Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer in Porous Media ” . In Advances in Heat Transfer Vol. 13 , 119 – 203 . New York, , USA : Academic Press .
  • Whitaker , S. 1980 . “ Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media ” . In Advances in Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 1 , pp. 23 – 61 . Washington D.C., , USA : Hemisphere .
  • Williams-Gardner , A. 1971 . Industrial Drying London : Leonard Hill Books .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.