Drying Foodstuffs with Superheated Steam

References

• Chou , S.K. and Chua , K.J. 2001 . New hybrid drying technologies for heat sensitive foodstuffs . Trends in Food Science & Technology , 12 : 359 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Kudra , T. and Mujumdar , A.S. 2002 . Advanced Drying Technologies 81 – 111 . New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Keey , R.B. 1980 . “ Theoretical foundations of drying technology ” . In Advances in Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 1 , 1 – 22 . New York : Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Hausbrand , E. 1912 . Drying by Means of Air and Steam 71 p London : Scott, Greenwood & Son . (Translated from German by A.C. Wright)
   Google Scholar
• Wenzel , L. and White , R.R. 1951 . Drying granular solids in superheated steam . Industrial and Engineering Chemistry , 43 ( 8 ) : 1829 – 1837 .
   Google Scholar
• Chu , J.C. , Lane , A.M. and Conklin , D. 1953 . Evaporation of liquids into their superheated vapors . Industrial and Engineering Chemistry , 45 ( 7 ) : 1586 – 1591 .
   Google Scholar
• Lane , A.M. and Stern , S. 1956 . Application of superheated-vapor atmospheres to drying . Mechanical Engineering , 78 ( 5 ) : 423 – 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Deventer , H.C. van and Heijmans , R.M.H. 2001 . Drying with superheated steam . Drying Technology , 19 ( 8 ) : 2033 – 2045 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Woods , B. , Husain , H. and Mujumdar , A.S. Techno-Economical Assessment of Potential Superheated Steam Applications in Canada , Report 9138 U 888 . Canadian Electrical Association: Montreal, Quebec, 1994 pp. 1 – 86 . .
   Google Scholar
• Cui , W.K. , Mujumdar , A.S. and Douglas , W.J.M. 1986 . “ Superheated steam drying of paper: effects on physical strength properties ” . In Drying'86 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 2 , 575 – 579 . New York : Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , O.E. and Beeby , C. 1994 . Scale-up of steam drying . Drying Technology , 12 ( 1–2 ) : 179 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen , A.S. 1992 . “ Pressurized drying in a fluid bed with steam ” . In Drying' 92 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 1953 – 1601 . New York : Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Moreira , R.G. , Castell-Perez , M.E. and Barrufet , M.A. 1999 . Deep-Fat Frying 275 – 313 . Gaithersburg, Maryland : Aspen Publishers, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Caixeta , A.T. , Moreira , R. and Castell-Perez , M.E. 2002 . Impingement drying of potato chips . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 25 : 63 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Prachayawarakorn , S. , Soponronnarit , S. , Wetchacama , S. and Jaisut , D. 2002 . Desorption isotherms and drying characteristics of shrimp in superheated steam and hot air . Drying Technology , 20 ( 3 ) : 669 – 684 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Shibata , H. and Mujumdar , A.S. 1994 . Steam drying technologies: Japanese R&D . Drying Technology , 12 ( 6 ) : 1485 – 1524 .
   Google Scholar
• Tang , Z. and Cenkowski , S. 2000 . Dehydration dynamics of potatoes in superheated steam and hot air . Canadian Agricultural Engineering , 42 ( 1 ) : 43 – 49 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bruce , D.H. and Hulkkonen , S. 1998 . Steam drying: benefits, technology and a survey of applications . Pulp & Paper Canada , 997 ( 12 ) : 114 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Tang , Z. and Cenkowski , S. 2000 . Dehydration of sugar-beet pulp in superheated steam and hot air . Transactions of the ASAE , 43 ( 3 ) : 685 – 689 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Elson , C.R. and Treagus , M.J. 1984 . “ Drying of food materials ” . In In Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series Profitability of Food Processing , EFCE Publication Series n. 36 409 – 430 . Ruby, , England : England Institution of Chemical Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , S. , Chen , J. and Mujumdar , A.S. 1992 . A preliminary study of steam drying of silkworm cocoons . Drying Technology , 10 ( 1 ) : 251 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Bimbenet , J.J. , Daudin , J.D. and Wolff , E. 1985 . “ Air drying kinetics of biological particles ” . In Drying' 85 Edited by: Toei , R. and Mujumdar , A.S. 178 – 185 . New York : Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Ferrao , P. , Figueiredo , A. and Freire , F. 1998 . Experimental analysis of the drying kinetics of a food product . Drying Technology , 16 ( 8 ) : 1687 – 1702 .
   Google Scholar
• Jayas , D.S. , Cenkowski , S. , Pabis , S. and Muir , W.E. 1991 . Review of thin-layer drying and wetting equations . Drying Technology , 9 ( 3 ) : 551 – 588 .
   Google Scholar
• Salgado , M.A. , Lebert , A. , Garcia , H.S. and Bimbenet , J.J. 1994 . Drying of sugar beet pulp using a laboratory air drier . Drying Technology , 12 ( 4 ) : 955 – 963 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Markowski , M. , Cenkowski , S. , Hatcher , D.W. , Dexter , J.E. and Edwards , N.M. 2003 . The effects of superheated-steam dehydration kinetics on textural properties of Asian noodles . Transactions of the ASAE , 46 ( 2 ) : 389 – 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Oh , N.H. , Seib , P.A. , Deyoe , C.W. and Ward , A.B. 1983 . Noodles: I . Measuring the textural characteristics of cooked noodles. Cereal Chemistry , 60 ( 6 ) : 433 – 438 .
   Google Scholar
• Oh , N.H. , Seib , P.A. , Deyoe , C.W. and Ward , A.B. 1985 . Noodles: II . The surface firmness of cooked noodles from soft and hard wheat flours. Cereal Chemistry , 62 ( 6 ) : 431 – 436 .
   Google Scholar
• Oh , N.H. , Seib , P.A. and Chung , D.S. 1985 . Noodles: III . Effect of processing variables on quality characteristics of dry noodles. Cereal Chemistry , 62 ( 6 ) : 437 – 440 .
   Google Scholar
• McCleary , B.V. and Codd , R. 1991 . Measurements of (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-glucan in barley and oats: a streamlined enzymatic procedure . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 55 ( 2 ) : 303 – 312 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Douglas , S.G. 1981 . A rapid method for the determination of pentosans in wheat flour . Food Chemistry , 7 ( 2 ) : 139 – 145 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• McCleary , B.V. , Solah , V. and Gibson , T.S. 1994 . Quantitative measurement of total starch in cereal flours and products . Journal of Cereal Science , 20 ( 1 ) : 51 – 58 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar