Influence of Spray Drying Conditions on Residue Accumulation—Simulation Using CFD

References

• Maa , Y. , Nguyen , P. , Sit , K. and Hsu , C.C. 1998 . Spray-drying performance of a bench-top spray dryer for protein aerosol powder preparation . Biotechnology and Bioengineering , 60 ( 3 ) : 301 – 309 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Masters , K. 1979 . “ Spray-air contact (mixing and flow) ” . In Spray Drying Handbook 286 – 290 . New York : Halsted Press .
   Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. and Fletcher , D.F. 2001 . Spray drying of food ingredients and applications of CFD in spray drying . Chemical Engineering and Processing , 40 : 345 – 354 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Crowe , C.T. 1980 . “ Modelling spray-air contact in spray drying systems ” . In Advances in Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 63 – 99 . New York : Hemisphere .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , J.E. Prediction of Spray Dryer Performance . Ph.D. thesis . Oxford, , UK : University of Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Reay , D. 1988 . Proc. 6th International Drying Symposium IDS ’88 . 1988 , Versailles, France. Fluid Flow, Residence Time Simulation and Energy Efficiency in Industrial Dryers , pp. KL1 – KL8 .
   Google Scholar
• Oakley , D.E. and Bahu , R.E. 1991 . “ Spray/gas mixing behaviour within spray dryers ” . In Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. and Filkova , I. 303 – 313 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. and Zbicinski , I. 1994 . The effects of air inlet geometry and spray cone angle on the wall deposition rate in spray dryers . Trans. I Chem. , 72 ( A ) : 420 – 430 .
   Google Scholar
• Masters , K. 1994 . Scale-up of spray dryers . Drying Technology , 12 ( 1–2 ) : 235 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Southwell , D.B. , Langrish , T.A.G. and Fletcher , D.F. 1999 . Proc. 1st Asian-Australian Drying Conference . 1999 , Bali, Indonesia. Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques to Assess Design Alternatives for the Plenum Chamber of a Small Spray Dryer , pp. 626 – 633 .
   Google Scholar
• Kieviet , F.G. and Kerkhof , P.J.A.M. 1997 . Air flow, temperature and humidity patterns in a co-current spray dryer: modelling and measurements . Drying Technology , 15 ( 6–8 ) : 1763 – 1773 .
   Google Scholar
• Frydman , A. , Vasseur , J. , Ducept , F. , Sionneau , M. and Moureh , J. 1999 . Simulation of spray drying in superheated steam using computational fluid dynamics . Drying Technology , 17 ( 7–8 ) : 1313 – 1326 .
   Google Scholar
• Kieviet , F.G. , Van Raaij , J. , De Moor , P.P.E.A. and Kerkhof , P.J.A.M. 1997 . Measurement and modelling of the air flow pattern in a pilot-plant spray dryer . Trans. I Chem. E , 75 ( A3 ) : 321 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• Masters , K. 1996 . Proc. 10th International Drying Symposium IDS ’96 . 1996 , Krakow, Poland. Deposit-Free Spray Drying: Dream or Reality? , pp. 52 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. and Fletcher , D.F. 2003 . Prospects for the modelling and design of spray dryers in the 21st century . Drying Technology , 21 ( 2 ) : 197 – 215 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Papadakis , S.E. , Gardeli , C. and Tzia , C. 1998 . Proc. 11th International Drying Symposium IDS ’98 . 1998 , Halkidiki, Greece. Raisin Extract Powder: Production, Physical and Sensory Properties , pp. 1207 – 1213 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhandari , B.R. , Datta , N. , Crooks , R. , Howes , T. and Rigby , S. 1997 . A semi-empirical approach to optimise the quantity of drying aids required to spray dry sugar-rich foods . Drying Technology , 15 ( 10 ) : 2509 – 2525 .
   Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. and Adamopoulos , K.G. 2003 . Spray drying performance of a laboratory spray dryer for tomato powder preparation . Drying Technology , 21 ( 7 ) : 1273 – 1289 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Livesley , D.M. , Oakley , D.E. , Gillespie , R.F. , Elhaus , B. , Ranpuria , C.K. , Taylor , T. , Wood , W. and Yeoman , M.L. 1992 . Proc. 8th International Drying Symposium IDS ’92 . 1992 , Montreal, Canada. Development and Validation of a Computational Model for Spray-Gas Mixing in Spray Dryers , pp. 407 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• Straatsma , J. , Van Houwelingen , G. , Steenbergen , A.E. and De Jong , P. 1999 . Spray drying of food products: 1 . Simulation model. Journal of Food Engineering , 42 : 67 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Morsi , S.A. and Alexander , A.J. 1972 . An investigations of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems . Journal of Fluid Mechanics , 55 ( 2 ) : 193 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Filkova , I. and Mujumdar , A.S. 1987 . “ Industrial spray drying systems ” . In Handbook of Industrial Drying Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 243 – 293 . New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Papadakis , S.E. and King , C.J. 1988a . Air temperature and humidity profiles in spray drying. 1. Features predicted by the particle source in cell model . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 27 : 2111 – 2116 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar