Formaldehyde Emission, Surface Roughness, and Some Properties of Plywood as Function of Veneer Drying Temperature

References

• Baldwin , R.F. Veneer drying and preparation . In Plywood and Veneer-Based Products , Chapter 15 , Miller Freeman Books : San Francisco , 1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Fao . Energy Conservation in The Mechanical Forest Industries: FAO Forestry Paper ; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations : Rome , 1990 .
   Google Scholar
• Rice , R.W. Mass Transfer, Creep and Stress Development During The Drying of Red Oak ; Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnique Institute and State University, Blacksburg: Virginia , 1988 .
   Google Scholar
• Theppaya , T. ; Prasertsan , S. Optimization of rubber wood drying by response surface method and multiple contour plots . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 7 ), 1637 – 1660 .
   Google Scholar
• Lehtinen , M. ; Syrjanen , T. ; Kopenen S. Effect of Drying Temperature on Properties of Veneer ; Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Structural Engineering and Building Physics : Finland , 1997 .
   Google Scholar
• Aydin , I. ; Colakoglu , G. The effects of veneer drying temperature on wettability, surface roughness and some properties of plywood ; Sixth European Panel Products Symposium, North Wales Conference Centre, Llandudno : North Wales , U.K. 9 – 11 October 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Aydin , I. Effects of Some Manufacturing Conditions on Wettability and Bonding of Veneers Obtained from Various Wood Species ; Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University: Trabzon, 2004 (In Turkish) .
   Google Scholar
• Lehtinen , M . Effects of manufacturing temperatures on the properties of plywood ; Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Structural Engineering and Building Physics . TRT Report No 92 . Finland , 1998
   Google Scholar
• Fengel , D. ; Wegener , G . Wood Chemistry-Ultrastructure-Reactions ; Walter de Gruyter : Berlin , 1989 .
   Google Scholar
• DIN 4768 . Determination of Values of Surface Roughness Parameters R_a, R_z, R_max Using Electrical Contact (Stylus) Instruments, Concepts and Measuring Conditions ; Deutsches Institut für Norming : Berlin , Germany , May , 1990 .
   Google Scholar
• McLaren , K. The development of the CIE (L*a*b*) uniform colour-space and colour difference formula. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1976, 92, 338–341.
   Google Scholar
• Chan , L.W. ; Chan , W.Y. ; Heng , P.W.S. An improved method for measurement of colour uniformity in pellet coating . International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2001 , 213 , 63 – 74 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Temiz , A. ; Eikenes , M. ; Yildiz , U.C. ; Evans , G.F ; Jacobsen , B. Accelerated weathering test for the evaluation of wood preservative efficacy . In The Proceedings of The 34th Annual Meeting of The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, IRG/Wp 03-20262 , Brisbane : Australia , 18 – 23 May 2003 .
   Google Scholar
• Reeb , J.E. Drying Wood ; University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture . Cooperative Extension Service , USA , 1997 .
   Google Scholar
• Aydin , I . Activation of wood surfaces for glue bonds by mechanical pre-treatment and its effects on some properties of veneer surfaces and plywood panels . Applied Surface Science 2004 , 233 ( 1/4 ), 268 – 274 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bond , B.H. Characterization of Wood Features Using Color, Shape, and Density Parameters . Ph. D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Wood Science and Forest Products Division, Blacksburg, Virginia , 1998 .
   Google Scholar
• Sernek , M. Inactivation of Wood Surfaces: A Literature Review. Virginia Tech. University, Wood-Based Composites Center, Technical Report No. 103 , 2001 .
   Google Scholar
• Burdurlu , E. Lumber Industry and Drying ; Hacettepe University, Woodworking Industry Engineering Department : Ankara , 1995 (In Turkish) .
   Google Scholar
• Sandqvist , B. Color response of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescens) subjected to heat treatment in capillary phase . Holz als Roh und Werkstoff 2002 , 60 , 106 – 114 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Ayadi , N. ; Lejuene , F. ; Charrier , F . Color stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering . Holz als Roh und Werkstoff 2003 , 61 , 221 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Dougal , E.F. ; Krahmer , R.L. ; Wellons , J.D. ; Kanarek , P . Glueline characteristics and bond durability of southeast asian species after solvent extraction and planning of veneers . Forest Products Journal 1980 , 30 ( 7 ), 48 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Kalnins , M.A. ; Knaebe , M.T. Wettability of weathered wood, contact angle, wettability and adhesion . In Mittal , K.L. , Ed.; 1993 .
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen , A.W. How overdrying wood reduces its bonding to phenol-formaldehyde adhesives: A critical review of the literature, part I—physical responses . Wood and Fiber Science 1990 , 22 ( 4 ), 441 – 459 .
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen , A.w. Effect of overdrying of yellow-poplar veneer on physical properties and bonding . Holz als Roh un Werkstoff 1994 , 52 , 139 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen , A.W. Effect of overdrying on toughness of yellow–poplar veneer . Holz als Roh und Werkstoff 1997 , 55 , 71 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Hse , C.Y. Method for computing a roughness factor for veneer surfaces . Wood Science 1972 , 4 ( 4 ), 230 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Collett , B.M. A review of the surface and interfacial adhesion in wood science and related fields . Wood Science and Technology 1972 , 6 , 1 – 42 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Neese , J.L. ; Reeb , J.E. ; Funck , J.W. Relating traditional surface roughness measures to glue-bond quality in plywood . Forest Products Journal 2004 , 54 ( 1 ), 67 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Syrjänen , T. ; Lehtinen , M. Effect of high manufacturing temperatures on mechanical properites of veneers and plywood. In International Conference of COST Action E8—Wood Mechanics, Florence , Italia, May 11–12, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Chui , Y.H. ; Taylor , A. ; Cooper , P. Effects of high-temperature drying on bending strength of red pine poles . Forest Products Journal 2001 , 51 ( 7/8 ), 47 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , F. ; Yao , J. Effect of high temperature drying on the strength of southern pine dimension lumber . Forest Products Journal 1979 , 29 ( 82 ), 49 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Spets , J-P ; Ahtila , P. Reduction of organic emissions by using a multistage drying system for wood-based biomasses . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 3 ), 541 – 561 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Spets , J.P. ; Ahtila , P. Reduction of Organic Emissions by Using A Multistage Drying System for Wood-Based Biomasses ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Energy, Economics and Power Plant Engineering; Helsinki University of Technology : Finland , 2003 .
   Google Scholar