Removal of Mercury from Clayey Soils Using Electrokinetics

References

• Davis , A. , Bloom , N.S. and Que , H.S. 1997 . The environmental geochemistry and bioaccessibility of mercury in soils and sediments . Risk Analysis , 17 ( 5 ) : 557 – 569 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henke , K.R. , Kühnel , V. , Stepan , D.J. , Fraley , R.H. , Robinson , C.M. , Charlton , D.S. , Gust , H. and Bloom , N.S. 1993 . Chicago, IL Critical Review of Mercury Contamination Issues Relevant to Manometers at Gas Industry Sites Report No. GRI 93/0117. Gas Research Institute
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , K.R. , Parupudi , U.S. , Devulapalli , S.N. and Xu , C.Y. 1997 . Effects of soil composition on the removal of chromium by electrokinetics . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 55 : 135 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy , K.R. and Parupudi , U.S. 1997 . Removal of chromium, nickel and cadmium from clays by insitu electrokinetic remediation . Journal of Soil Contamination , 6 ( 4 ) : 391 – 407 .
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , K.R. and Shirani , A.B. 1997 . Electrokinetic remediation of metal contaminated glacial tills . Geotechnical and Geological Engineering , 115 : 3 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. and Wittle , J.K. 1992 . Electrokinetic removal of selected heavy metal from soil . Environmental Progress , 11 ( 3 ) : 241 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamed , J. and Acar , Y.B. 1991 . Pb(II) removal from kaolinite by electrokinetics . Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , 117 ( 2 ) : 241 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro , A.P. and Probstein , R.F. 1993 . Removal of contaminants form saturated clay by electroosmosis . Environmental Science and Technology , 27 ( 2 ) : 282 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Coletta , T.F. , Bruell , C.J. , Ryan , D.K. and Inyang , H.I. 1997 . Cation-enhanced removal of lead from kaolinite by electrokinetics . Journal of Environmental Engineering , 123 ( 112 ) : 1227 – 1233 .
   Google Scholar
• Acar , Y.B. and Alshawabkeh , A.N. 1993 . Principles of electrokinetic remediation . Environmental Science and Technology , 27 ( 13 ) : 2638 – 2647 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eykholt , G.R. and Daniel , D.E. 1994 . Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil . Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , 120 ( 5 ) : 796 – 815 .
   Google Scholar
• Schuster , E. 1991 . The behavior of mercury in the soil with emphasis on complexation and adsorption processes—a review of the literature . Water Air and Soil Pollution , 56 : 667 – 680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , C.D. , Shoesmith , M.A. and Ghosh , M.M. 1996 . Electrokinetic remediation of mercury-contaminated soils using iodine/iodide lixiviant . Environmental Science and Technology , 30 ( 6 ) : 1933 – 1938 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmour , C.C. and Henry , E.A. 1991 . Mercury methylation in aquatic systems affected by acid deposition . Environmental Pollution , 71 : 131 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrow , N.J. and Cox , V.C. 1992 . The effects of pH and chloride concentration on mercury sorption . Journal of Soil Science , 43 : 295 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Yin , Y. , Allen , H.E. , Li , Y. , Huang , C.P. and Sanders , P.F. 1996 . Heavy metals in the environment . Journal on Environmental Quality , 25 : 837 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semu , E. , Singh , B.R. and Selmer-Olsen , A.R. 1987 . Adsorption of mercury compounds by tropical soils . Water Air Soil Pollution , 32 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trost , P.B. and Bisque , R.E. 1970 . “ Distribution of mercury in residual soil ” . In Environmental Mercury Contamination 178 – 196 . Ann Arbor, MI : Ann Arbor Science .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. 1979 . “ Mercury in soils ” . In The Biochemistry of Mercury in the Environment Edited by: Nriagu , O. 79 – 112 . Amsterdam, , The Netherlands : Elsevier North-Holland Biomedical Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lumsdon , D.G. , Evans , L.J. and Bolton , K.A. 1995 . The influence of pH and chloride on the retention of cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc by soils . Journal of Soil Contamination , 4 ( 2 ) : 137 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R.M. and Martell , A.E. 1976 . Critical Stability Constants: Vol.4 Inorganic Complexes New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wasay , S.A. , Arnfalk , P. and Tokunaga , S. 1995 . Remediation of a soil polluted by mercury with acid potassium iodine . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 44 : 93 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard , M.I. and Thibault , D.H. 1992 . Desorption and extraction of selected heavy metals from soils . Soil Science Am. J. , 56 : 415 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency . " Method 245.1 (Revision 3.0) ." Determination of Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry , Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Office of Research and Development Washington D.C., 1994.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency . " Method 245.5 (Revision 2.3) ." Determination of Mercury in Sediments by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry , Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Office of Research and Development Washington D.C., 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsey , W.L. 1979 . Chemical Equilibria in Soils New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Ringbom , A. 1963 . Complexation in Analytical Chemistry Interscience Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , J.K. 1993 . Fundamentals of Soil behavior New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons Inc. .
   Google Scholar