References
- Vanderloop , S.L. , Suidan , M.T. , Moteleb , M.A. and Maloney , S.W. 1999 . Biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene under different electron acceptor conditions . Water Res. , 33 ( 5 ) : 1287 – 1295 .
- Keither , I.H. and Telliard , W.A. 1979 . Priority pollutants I.A. Perspective view . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 13 : 416 – 423 .
- Cheng , J. , Kanjo , Y. , Suidan , M.T. and Venosa , A.D. 1996 . Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4 dinitrotoluene with ethanol as primary substrate: mutual effect of the substrates on their biotransformation . Water Res. , 30 ( 2 ) : 307 – 314 .
- McCormick , N.G. , Cornell , J.H. and Kaplan , A.M. 1978 . Identification of biotransformation products from 2,4 dinitrotoluene . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 35 : 945 – 948 .
- McCormick , N.G. , Feeherry , F.E. and Levinson , H.S. 1976 . Microbial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and other nitroaromatic compounds . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 31 : 949 – 958 .
- Valli , K. , Brock , B.J. , Joshi , D.K. and Gold , M.H. 1992 . Degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 58 : 221 – 228 .
- 2002 . Spectrum Laboratories Homepage . Identification of VOCs. , : 16 – 26 . 121142
- Berchtold , S.R. , Vanderloop , S.L. , Suidan , M.T. and Maloney , S.W. 1995 . Treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using a two-stage system: fluidized-bed anaerobic GAC reactors and aerobic activated sludge reactors . J. Water Environ. Res. , 21 : 1081 – 1091 .
- Guthrie , M.A. , Kirsch , E.J. , Wukasch , R.F. and Grady Jr. , C.P.L. 1984 . Pentachlorophenol biodegradation II . Water Res. , 18 : 451 – 461 .
- Liu , D. , Thomson , K. and Anderson , A.C. 1984 . Identification of nitroso compounds from biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 47 : 1295 – 1298 .
- Lee , C.C. , Hong , C.B. , Ellis , H.V. , Dacre , J.C. and Glennon , J.P. 1985 . Subchronic and chronic toxicity study of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Part II CD rats . J. Am. Col. Tox. , 4 ( 4 ) : 243 – 256 .
- Vanderloop , S.L. , Suidan , M.T. , Moteleb , M.A. and Maloney , S.W. In Biodegradation of 2,4 Dinitrotoluene in a Two-stage system . Proceedings of the 1994 National Conference on Environmental Engineering . pp. 710 – 717 . New York : American Society of Civil Engineers .
- Moteleb , M.A. , Suidan , M.T. , Kim , J. , Davel , J.L. and Adrian , N.R. 2001 . Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in granular activated carbon fluidized bed and batch reactors . Water Sci. Technol. , 32 : 67 – 75 .
- Heinze , L. , Brosius , M. and Wiesmann , U. 1995 . Anaerobic treatability of nitroaromatics . Acta Hydrochem. Hydrobiol. , 23 : 254 – 261 .
- Lendenmann , U. and Spain , J.C. 1998 . Simultaneous biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and in an aerobic fluidized-bed biofilm reactor . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 : 82 – 87 .
- Speece , R.E. 1996 . Anaerobic Biotechnology. Treatability protocol 113 – 116 . Tennesse, , USA : Archae Press .
- APHA-AWWA. 1992 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Parts 5 and 6, Aggregate organic constituents, individual organic compounds 600 – 1020 . Washington, D.C. : Am. Publ. Health Assoc. .
- Beydilli , M.I. , Pavlosathis , S.G. and Tincher , W.C. 1998 . Decolorization and toxicity screening of selected reactive azo dyes under methanogenic conditons . Water Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 4–5 ) : 225 – 232 .
- Razo-Flores , E. , Luijten , M. , Donlon , B.A. , Lettinga , G. and Field , J.A. 1997 . Biodegradation of selected azo dye under methonogenic conditions . Water Sci. Technol. , 36 ( 6–7 ) : 65 – 72 .
- Anderson , G.K. and Yang , G. 1992 . Determination of bicarbonate and total volatile acid concentration in anaerobic digesters using a simple titration . Water Environ. Res. , 64 : 53 – 59 .
- Dragger , M. 1996 . Manual for Measurements of Volatile Organic Carbons (VOS). Chapter 2, The drager tube system for short term measurement 10 – 24 . Germany
- Oren , A. , Gurevich , P. and Henis , Y. 1991 . Reduction of nitro substituted aromatic compound by the eubacteria Haloanaerobium pravalens and Sporohalobacter marismortium . Appl. Env. Microbiol. , : 3367 – 3370 .
- Owen , W.F. 1979 . Bioassay for monitoring biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity . Water Res. , 13 : 485
- Blum , D.J.W. and Speece , R.E. 1991 . A database of chemical toxicity to environmental bacteria and its use in interspecies comparisons and correlation . J. Water Poll. Control Fed. , : 198 – 207 .
- Spanggord , R.J. , Spain , J.C. , Nishino , S.F. and Mortelmans , K.E. 1991 . Biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by a Pseudomonas sp . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 57 : 3200 – 3205 .
- Young , J.C. and Tabak , H.H. 1993 . Multilevel protocol for assesing the fate and effect of toxic organic chemicals in anaerobic treatment processes . Water Environ. Res. , 65 : 34 – 45 .
- Smith , D.P. and Mc Carty , P.L. 1989 . reduced product formation following perturbation of ethanol and propionate-fed methanogenic CSTRs . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 34 : 885 – 895 .
- Vanderloop , S.I. 1995 . “ Biodegradation of 2,4 Dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6 Trinitrotoluene in Anaerobic Fluidized Bed GAC Reactors in Series with Aerobic Activated Sludge Reactors ” . 200 – 460 . University of Cincinnati . Master's thesis