Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 39, 2004 - Issue 5
289
Views
71
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Enhanced Electrokinetic Removal of Phenanthrene from Clay Soil by Periodic Electric Potential Application

&
Pages 1189-1212 | Received 18 Sep 2003, Published online: 16 Aug 2006

References

  • USEPA . A Resource for MGP Site Characterization and Remediation . EPA/542-R-00-005 . July 2000 .
  • Casagrande , I.L. 1949 . Electro-osmosis in soils . Geotechnique , 1 : 159 – 177 .
  • Mitchell , J.K. 1993 . Fundamentals of Soil Behavior 437 New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons, Inc. .
  • Eykholt , G.R. 1992 . “ Driving and Complicating Features of the Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Soils ” . 269 Austin : Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Texas . Ph.D. dissertation
  • Eykholt , G.R. and Daniel , D.E. 1994 . Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil . J. Geotech. Engg. , 120 ( 5 ) : 797 – 815 .
  • West , J.L. and Stewart , D.I. 1995 . Effect of zeta potential on soil electrokinesis . Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE , 2 ( 46 ) : 1535 – 1549 . Geotechnical Special Publication
  • Vane , L.M. and Zang , G.M. 1997 . Effect of aqueous phase properties on clay particle zeta potential and electro-osmotic permeability: implications for electro-kinetic soil remediation processes . J. Haz. Mat. , 55 : 1 – 22 . [CROSSREF]
  • Sposito , G. 1989 . Chemistry of Soils 277 New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Dzenitis , J.M. 1996 . “ Soil Chemistry Effects and Flow Prediction in Remediation of Soils by Electric Fields ” . 123 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Ph.D. dissertation
  • Carrol-Webb , S.A. and Walther , J.V. 1988 . A surface complex reaction model for the pH-dependence of corundum and kaolinite dissolution rates . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 52 : 2609 – 2623 . [CROSSREF]
  • Lambe , W.T. and Whitman , R.V. 1969 . Soil Mechanics 553 New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons .
  • Eykholt , G.R. 1997 . Development of pore pressures by nonuniform electroosmosis in clays . J. Haz. Mat. , 55 : 171 – 186 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Shapiro , A.P. and Probstein , R.F. 1993 . Removal of contaminants from saturated clay by electroosmosis . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 27 ( 2 ) : 283 – 291 . [CSA]
  • Schultz , D.S. 1997 . Electroosmosis technology for soil remediation: laboratory results, field trial, and economic modeling . J. Haz. Mat. , 55 : 81 – 91 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Ko , S. 1998 . “ Electrokinetic/Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants in Low Permeability Subsurface Environments ” . 194 Dept. of Civil Engineering, Texas A & M University . Ph.D. dissertation
  • Jafvert , C.T. Dec. 1996 . Surfactants and Cosolvents Dec. , Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center . Technology Evaluation Report, TE-96-02
  • Attwood , D. and Florence , A.T. 1983 . Surfactant Systems, their Chemistry, Pharmacy and Biology 794 New York, NY : Chapman and Hall .
  • Lowe , D.F. , Oubre , C.L. and Ward , C.H. 1999 . Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation: A Technology Practices Manual 267 Boca Raton, FL : Lewis Publishers .
  • Pennell , K.D. , Abriola , L.M. and Weber , W.J. Jr. 1993 . Surfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual dodecane in soil columns. 1. Experimental investigation . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 27 ( 12 ) : 2332 – 2340 . [CSA]
  • Adeel , Z. and Luthy , R.G. 1995 . “ Concentration-dependent regimes in sorption and transport of a nonionic surfactant in sand-aqueous systems ” . In Chapter 4 in Surfactant Enhanced Subsurface Remediation—Emerging Technologies Edited by: Sabatini , D.A. , Knox , R.C. and Harwell , J.H. 39 – 53 . Washington, DC : ACS Symposium Series 594, American Chemical Society .
  • Ko , S. , Schlautman , M.A. and Carraway , E.R. 1998 . Partitioning of hydrophobic organic compounds to sorbed surfactants 1. Experimental studies . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 ( 18 ) : 2769 – 2775 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Edwards , D.A. , Adeel , Z. and Luthy , R.G. 1994 . Distribution of nonionic surfactant and phenanthrene in a sediment/aqueous system . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 ( 8 ) : 1550 – 1560 . [CSA]
  • Rosen , M.J. 1989 . Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, , 2nd Ed. 431 New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons .
  • Ko , S. , Schlautman , M.A. and Carraway , E.R. 1998 . Effects of solution chemistry on the partitioning of phenanthrene to sorbed surfactants . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 ( 22 ) : 3542 – 3548 . [CROSSREF]
  • Myers , D. 1988 . Surfactant Science and Technology 351 New York, NY : VCH Publishers Inc. .
  • Grimberg , S.J. , Nagel , J. and Aitken , M.D. 1995 . Kinetics of phenanthrene dissolution into water in the presence of nonionic surfactants . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 ( 6 ) : 1480 – 1487 . [CSA]
  • Yoem , I.T. , Ghosh , M.M. and Cox , C.D. 1996 . Kinetic aspects of surfactant solubilization of soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 30 ( 5 ) : 1589 – 1595 . [CROSSREF]
  • Patterson , I.F. , Chowdhry , B.Z. and Leharne , S.A. 1999 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon extraction from a coal tar-contaminated soil using aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants . Chemosphere , 38 ( 13 ) : 3095 – 3017 . [CROSSREF]
  • Brett , C.M.A. and Brett , A.M.O . 1993 . Electrochemistry Principles, Methods, and Applications 427 New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Saichek , R.E. 2002 . Electrokinetically Enhanced In-Situ Flushing for HOC-Contaminated Soils 415 Chicago, Illinois : University of Illinois at Chicago . Ph.D. thesis
  • Roote , D.S. Jun. 1997 . In-situ Flushing Jun. , Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center . Technology Overview Report, TO-97-02
  • Schwarzenbach , R.P. , Gschwend , P.M. and Imboden , D.M. 1993 . Environmental Organic Chemistry 681 New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons, Inc. .
  • Swisher , R.D. 1970 . Surfactant Biodegradation 496 New York, NY : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
  • Fountain , J.C. , Waddell-Sheets , C. , Lagowski , A. , Taylor , C. , Frazier , D. and Byrne , M. 1995 . “ Enhanced removal of dense non-aqueous phase liquids using surfactants; Capabilities and limitations from field trials ” . In Chapter 13 in Surfactant Enhanced Subsurface Remediation—Emerging Technologies Edited by: Sabatini , D.A. , Knox , R.C. and Harwell , J.H. 177 – 190 . Washington, DC : American Chemical Society . ACS Symposium Series 594
  • Reddy , K.R. and Shirani , A.B. 1997 . Electrokinetic remediation of metal contaminated glacial tills . Geotechnical Geological Engg. J. , 15 ( 1 ) : 3 – 29 .
  • Reddy , K.R. and Parupudi , U.S. 1997 . Removal of chromium, nickel, and cadmium from clays by in-situ electrokinetic remediation . J. Soil Contam. , 6 ( 4 ) : 391 – 407 . [CSA]
  • Reddy , K.R. , Parupudi , U.S. , Devulapalli , S.N. and Xu , C.Y. 1997 . Effects of soil composition on removal of chromium by electrokinetics . J. Haz. Mat. , 55 ( 1–3 ) : 135 – 158 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • USEPA . November 1986 . Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Volume 1A: Laboratory Manual, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, , 3rd Ed. November , Washington, DC : Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response .
  • Pamukcu , S. 1994 . Electrokinetic Removal of Coal Tar Constituents from Contaminated Soils Electric Power Research Institute . Final Report, EPRI TR-103320, Project 2879-21
  • Grundl , T. and Michalski , P. 1996 . Electroosmotically driven water flow in sediments . Water Res. , 30 ( 4 ) : 811 – 818 . [CROSSREF]
  • Acar , Y.B. , Gale , R.J. , Alshawabkeh , A.N. , Marks , R.E. , Puppula , S. , Bricka , M. and Parker , R. 1995 . Electrokinetic remediation: basics and technology status . J. Haz. Mat. , 40 : 117 – 137 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Shang , J.Q. , Lo , K.Y. and Inculet , I.I. 1995 . Polarization and conduction of clay-water-electrolyte systems . J. Geotech. Engg. , 121 ( 3 ) : 243 – 248 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Evangelou , V.P. 1998 . Environmental Soil and Water Chemistry, Principles and Applications 564 New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons Inc. .
  • Hamed , J. , Acar , Y.B. and Gale , R.J. 1991 . Pb(II) removal from kaolinite by electrokinetics . J. Geotech. Engg. , 117 ( 2 ) : 241 – 271 . [CSA]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.