REFERENCES
- Federal Register . 1998 . National primary drinking water regulations: Disinfection and disinfection by-products; Notice of Data Availability . Proposal Rule Fed. Reg. , 62 ( 212 ) : 59388
- Croue , J. P. , Debroux , J. F. , Amy , G. L. , Aiken , G. R. and Leenheer , J. A. 1999 . “ Natural organic matter: Structural characteristics and reactive properties ” . In Formation and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water , Edited by: Singer , Phillip C. 65 – 93 . Denver, CO : AWWA .
- Sinha , S. , Amy , G. L. and Sohn , J. 1997 . Reactivity of NOM fractions in forming chlorination DBPs . Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Annual Conference . June 11–15 1997 , Atlanta, GA.
- Krasner , S. W. , McGuire , M. J. , Jacangelo , J. G. , Patania , N. L. , Reagan , K. M. and Aieta , E. M. 1989 . The occurrence of disinfection by-products in us drinking water . J. Am. Water Works Assoc. , 81 ( 8 ) : 41
- Shorney , H. L. 1998 . “ Disinfection by-product precursor removal by enhanced softening and coagulation. Ph.D. diss ” . Lawrence, KS : University of Kansas .
- Gang , D. 2001 . “ Modeling of HAA and THM Formation of Missouri Waters upon Chlorination. Ph.D. diss ” . Columbia, MO : University of Missouri–Columbia .
- Singer , P. C. and Staples , G. W. 1993 . “ Coagulation of DBP precursors: Theoretical and practical considerations ” . In Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference Denver, CO
- White , M. C. , Thompson , J. D. , Harrington , G. W. and Singer , P. C. 1997 . Evaluating criteria for enhanced coagulation compliance . J. Am. Water Works Assoc. , 89 ( 5 ) : 64 – 77 .
- Gang , D. , Segar , R. L. Jr. , Clevenger , T. E. and Banerji , S. K. 2001 . Prediction of TTHM and HAA9 formation based on the chlorine demand . Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference . November 11–15 2001 , Nashville, TN.
- Summers , R. S. , Hooper , S. M. , Shukairy , H. M. , Solarik , G. and Owen , D. 1996 . Assessing DBP yield: Uniform formation conditions . J. Am. Water Works Assoc. , 80 ( 6 ) : 80
- Fang , H. , West , J. R. , Barker , R. A. and Forster , C. F. 1999 . Modeling of chlorine decay in municipal water supplies . Water Res. , 33 ( 12 ) : 2735 [CROSSREF]
- Isabel , R. S. , Solarik , G. , Koechling , M. T. , Anzek , M. H. and Summers , R. S. 2000 . Modeling chlorine decay in treated waters . Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Annual Conference . June 11–15 2000 , Denver, CO.
- Gang , D. , Clevenger , T. E. and Banerji , S. K. 2003 . Modeling chlorine decay in surface water . J. Environ. Infor. , 1 ( 1 ) : 21 – 27 .
- Gang , D. , Segar , R. L. , Clevenger , T. E. and Banerji , S. K. 2002 . Using chlorine demand to predict TTHM and HAA9 formation . J. Am. Water Works Assoc. , 94 ( 10 ) : 76 – 86 . [CSA]
- Gang , D. , Clevenger , T. E. and Banerji , S. K. 2003 . Relationship of chlorine decay and THMs formation to NOM size . J. Hazard. Mater. , 96 ( 1 ) : 1 – 12 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Gould , J. P. , Fitchhorn , E. L. and Urhein , E. 1983 . “ Formation of brominated trihalomethanes: extent and kinetics ” . In Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effect , Edited by: Jolley , R. L. 4, 297 – 310 . Chelsea, MI : Ann Arbor Science Publishers .
- Sinha , S. 1999 . “ Coagulatibility of NOM and its effects on formation of chlorination DBPs. Ph.D. diss ” . Boulder : University of Colorado .
- Liang , L. and Singer , P. C. 2001 . Factors influencing the formation and relative distribution of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes under controlled chlorination conditions . Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference . November 11–14 2001 , Nashville, TN.
- Westerhoff , P. , Reckhow , D. , Amy , G. , Chowdhury , Z. , McClellan , J. , Dundorf , S. and He , Q. 2000 . Role of five independent treatment processes on NOM structure, DBP precursor removal, and DBP modeling parameters . Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Annual Conference . June 11–15 2000 , Denver, CO.
- Harrington , G. W. 1997 . “ Characteristics of natural organic matter and their influence on alum coagulation. Ph.D. diss ” . Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina .
- Rossman , L. A. , Clark , R. M. and Grayman , W. M. 1994 . Modeling chlorine residuals in drinking water distribution systems . J. Environ. Eng. , 120 ( 4 ) : 803
- Pourmoghaddas , H. , Stevens , A. A. , Kinman , R. N. , Dressman , R. C. , Moore , L. A. and Ireland , J. C. 1993 . Effect of bromide ion on formation of HAAs during chlorination . J. Am. Water Works Assoc. , 85 ( 1 ) : 82 [CSA]