Characterization of the Effluent Wastewater from Abattoirs for Land Application

References

• Abu-Ashour , J. , Joy , D. M. , Lee , H. , Whiteley , H. R. and Zelin , S. 1998 . Movement of bacteria in unsaturated soil columns with macropores . Trans. ASAE , 41 ( 4 ) : 1043 – 1050 . [CSA] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar , M. I. , Saez , J. , Llorens , M. , Soler , A. and Ortuno , J. F. 2002 . Nutrient removal and sludge production in the coagulation–flocculation process . Water Research , 36 : 2910 – 2919 . [CSA] [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon . 1998 . A Comparison of Regulatory Criteria and Requirements for Biosolids Utilization on Agricultural Land in Ontario and the Great Lake States. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Guelph, , Canada : Unpublished Paper .
   Google Scholar
• Batstone , D. J. , Keller , J. , Newell , R. B. and Newland , M. 2000 . Modelling anaerobic degradation of complex wastewater II: parameter estimation and validation using slaughterhouse effluent . Bioresource Technology , 75 : 75 – 85 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borja , R. , Banks , C. J. and Wang , Z. 1994 . Performance and kinetics of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating slaughterhouse wastewater . Environmental Science Health , A29 ( 10 ) : 2063 – 2085 . [CSA] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Borja , R. , Duran , M. M. and Martin , A. 1993 . Influence of the support on the kinetics of anaerobic purification of slaughterhouse wastewater . Bioresource Technology , 44 : 57 – 60 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caixeta , C. E. T. , Cammarota , M. C. and Xavier , A. M. F. 2002 . Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: evaluation of a new three-phase separation system in a UASB reactor . Bioresource Technology , 81 : 61 – 69 . [CSA] [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capizzi-Banas , S. and Schwartzbrod , J. 2001 . Irradiation of ascaris ova in sludge using an electron beam accelerator . Water Resource , 35 ( 9 ) : 2256 – 2260 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Cassin , M. H. , Lammerding , A. M. , Todd , E. C. D. , Ross , W. and McColl , R. S. 1998 . Quantitative risk assessment for E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers . Int. J. Food Microbiology , 41 : 21 – 44 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler , D. S. , Farran , I. and Craven , J. A. 1981 . Persistence and distribution of pollution indicator bacteria on land used for disposal of piggery effluent . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 42 ( 3 ) : 453 – 460 . [CSA] [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COWI . 1999 . Internal Data Denmark : Consulting Engineers and Planners AS .
   Google Scholar
• COWI . 2003 . Cleaners Production Assessment in Meat Processing Paris, , France : United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics .
   Google Scholar
• del Pozo , R. , Diez , V. and Beltran , S. 2000 . Anaerobic pre-treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater using fixed-film reactors . Bioresource Technology , 71 : 143 – 149 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EC . 2001 . Evaluation of Sludge Treatments for Pathogen Reduction Luxembourg : Directorate-General Environment, European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities . Study Contract No. B4-3040/2001/322179/MAR/A2.
   Google Scholar
• EU . 2001 . Disposal and Recycle Routes for Sewage Sludge. Part 1. Sludge Use Acceptance. Part 2. Regulatory Report. European Communities, DG Environment. 2001 Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . [Online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/sludge/sludge_disposal.htm [March 27,2001], 2001
   Google Scholar
• Fransen , N. G. , Urlings , H. A. P. , Bijker , P. G. H. and Logtestijn , J. G. V. 1998 . Fermentation of aerobically activated pig slaughterhouse sludge for animal feed purposes . Bioresource Technology , 65 : 145 – 150 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Gagliardi , J. V. and Karns , J. S. 2000 . Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in diverse soils under various agricultural management practices . Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 66 ( 3 ) : 877 – 883 . [CSA] [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gale , P. and Stanfield , G. 2001 . Towards a quantitative risk assessment for BSE in sewage sludge . Journal of Applied Microbiology , 91 ( 3 ) : 563 – 569 . [CSA] [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gannon , J. T. , Mingelgrin , U. , Alexaander , M. and Wagenet , R. J. 1991 . Bacterial transport through homogeneous soil . Soil Biol. Biochem. , 23 ( 12 ) : 1155 – 1160 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gantzer , C. , Gaspard , P. , Galvez , L. , Huyard , A. , Dumouthier , N. and Schwartzbrod , J. 2001 . Monitoring of bacterial and parasitological contamination during various treatment of sludge . Water Resource , 35 ( 16 ) : 3763 – 3770 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Gerba , C. P. , Wallis , C. and Melnich , J. L. 1975 . Fate of wastewater bacteria and viruses in soil . J. Irrig. Drain Div. , 101 ( 2 ) : 157 – 174 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , C. L. and West , G. T. 1992 . Anaerobic digestion of rendering waste in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digester . Bioresource Technology , 41 : 181 – 185 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , P. I. E. and Mortensen , B.F. 1992 . “ Reduction of pollution and reclamation of packaging house waste products ” . In Inedible Meat Products. Advances in Meat Research 8 Edited by: Pearson , A.M. and Dutson , T.R. London : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson , R. C. , Gordon , R. J. , Sharples , K. E. , Stratton , G. W. and Madani , A. 2002 . Movement and persistent of fecal bacteria in agricultural soils and subsurface drainage water: a review . Canadian Biosystems Engineering , 44 ( 1 ) : 1.1 – 1.9 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Johns , M.R. 1993 . Developments in Waste Treatment in the Meat Processing Industry—a Review of Literature, 1979–1993 Meat Research Corporation (MRC) of Australia
   Google Scholar
• Johns , M.R. 1995 . Developments in wastewater treatment in the meat processing industry: a review . Bioresource Technology , 54 : 203 – 216 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. J. , Ajariyakhajorn , C. , Goyal , S. M. , Robinson , R. A. , Clanton , C. J. , Evans , S. D. and Warnes , D. D. 1996 . Survival of bacteria and virus in ground piglet carcasses applied to cropland for disposal . Swine Health and Production , 4 ( 4 ) : 189 – 194 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Jones , D.L. 1999 . Potential health risks associated with the persistence of Escherichia coli O157 in agricultural environments . Soil Use and Management , 15 : 76 – 83 . [CSA] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joy , D. M. , Lee , H. , Reaume , C. M. , Whiteley , H. R. and Zelin , S. 1998 . Microbial contamination of subsurface tile drainage water from field applications of liquid manure . Canadian Agricultural Engineering , 40 ( 3 ) : 153 – 160 . [CSA] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Li , C. T. , Shieh , W. K. , Asce , A. M. , Wu , C. S. and Huang , J. S. 1986 . Chemical/bio-fluidized bed treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater . Journal of Environmental Engineering , 112 ( 4 ) : 718 – 728 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Manjunath , N.T. , Mehrotra , I. and Mathur , R. P. 2000 . Treatment of wastewater from slaughterhouse by DAF-UASB system . Water Resource , 34 ( 6 ) : 1930 – 1936 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Marriott , N. G. 1999 . Principles of Food Sanitation 364 p Gaithersburg, MD : Aspen .
   Google Scholar
• Martinez , J. , Borzacconi , L. , Mallo , M. , Galisteo , M. and Vinas , M. 1995 . Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater . Water Science Technology , 32 ( 12 ) : 99 – 104 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Massé , D. I. and Masse , L. 2000 . Characterization of wastewater from hog slaughterhouses in eastern Canada and evaluation of their in-plant wastewater treatment systems . Can. Agric. Engg. , 42 ( 3 ) : 139 – 146 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maule , A. 2000 . Survival of verocytotoxigenic E. coli O157 in soil, water and on surfaces . J. Applied Microbiology Symp. Supplement , 88 : 17S – 123S . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , G. S. and Choudhry , M. 1997 . “ Pulsed electric field sterilization of waste brine solution ” . In Proc. Engineering and Food at ICEF 7 Edited by: Jowitt , R. O13 – O16 . Sheffield, , UK : Sheffield Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• MLA. 1998 . Benchmarking of Environmental Performance Gtteridge Haskins and Davey Pvt. Ltd. Prepared for Meat and Livestock Australia . Project No. RPDA 308.
   Google Scholar
• MOE. 1999 . “ Water consumption in various meat processing operartins (by species) ” . In Guide to Resource Conservation and Cost Savings Opportunities in the Ontario Meat and Poultry Sector Toronto : Ontario Ministry of Environment .
   Google Scholar
• MRC. 1995 . Identification of Nutrient Sources, Reduction Opportunities and Treatment Options for Australian Abattoirs and Rendering Plants Rust PPK Pvt. Ltd. and Taylor Consulting Pvt. Ltd. prepared for Meat Research Council of Australia . Project No. M 445.
   Google Scholar
• Mubiru , D. N. , Coyne , M. S. and Grove , J. H. 2000 . Mortality of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in two soils with different physical and chemical properties . Journal of Environmental Quality , 29 ( 6 ) : 1821 – 1827 . [CSA] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• NRC. 2002 . Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices Washington, DC : National Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nunez , L.A. and Martinez , B. 1999 . Anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor . Water Science Technology , 40 ( 8 ) : 99 – 106 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ockerman , H.W. and Hansen , C.L. 2000 . Animal By-product Processing and Utilization Lancaster, , USA : Technomic Publishing Co .
   Google Scholar
• OME. 1999 . Guide to Resource Conservation and Cost Saving Opportunities in the Ontario Meat and Poultry Sector Toronto : Wardrop Engineering, Inc . Prepared for Ontario Ministry of Environment.
   Google Scholar
• Patni , N. K. , Toxoepeus , H. R. and Jui , P. Y. 1985 . Bacterial quality of runoff from manured and non-manured cropland . Trans. of the ASAE , 28 ( 6 ) : 1871 – 1877 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Patni , N. K. , Toxoepeus , H. R. , Tennant , A. D. and Hore , F. R. 1984 . Bacterial water quality of tile drainage water from manured and fertilized cropland . Water Research , 18 ( 2 ) : 127 – 132 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Pekdeger , A. and Matthess , G. 1983 . Factors of bacteria and virus transport in groundwater . Env. Geology , 5 ( 2 ) : 49 – 52 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , K.R. , Khaleel , R. and Overcash , M.R. 1981 . Behavior and transport of microbial pathogens and indicator organisms in soils treated with organic wastes . J. Environ. Qual. , 10 ( 3 ) : 255 – 266 . [CSA] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Russell , J. M. , Cooper , R. N. and Lindsey , S. B. 1993 . Soil denitrification rates at wastewater irrigation sites receiving primary treated and anaerobically treated meat-processing effluent . Bioresource Technology , 43 : 41 – 46 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachon , G. 1984 . “ Traitment des eaux residuaires des slaughterhouses de betail ” . In Food Industries and the Environment Int. Symp Edited by: Hollo , J. pp. 293 – 305 . Amsterdam : Elsevier . In French
   Google Scholar
• Sangodoyin , A. Y. and Agbawhe , O. M. 1992 . Environmental study on surface and groundwater pollutants from abattoir effluents . Bioresource Technology , 41 : 193 – 200 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Sayed , S. , van-Campen , L. and Lettinga , G. 1987 . Anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse waste using a granular sludge UASB reactor . Biological Wastes , 21 : 11 – 28 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayed , S. and de Zeeuw , W. 1988 . The performance of a continuously operated flocculent sludge UASB reactor with slaughterhouse wastewater . Biological Wastes , 24 : 199 – 212 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley , K. N. , Wallace , J. S. , Currie , J. E. , Diggle , P. J. and Jones , K. 1998 . The seasonal variation of thermophillic campylobacters in beef cattle, dairy cattle and calves . J. Applied Microbiology , 85 : 472 – 480 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebor , T. W. , Berndt , C. L. , Marman , S. and Gabriel , R. 1990 . Proc. 44th Purdue Indus. Waste Conf. Lewis . 1990 , Chelsea, MI. Operating experience: anaerobic treatment at packerland packing , pp. 825 – 834 .
   Google Scholar
• Strchan , N.J.C. , Dunn , G.M. and Ogden , I.D. 2002 . Quantitative risk assessment of human infection from E. coli O157 associated with recreational use of animal pasture . Int. J. Food Microbiology , 75 : 39 – 51 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toze , S. 1999 . PCR and the detection of microbial pathogens in water and wastewater . Water Resources , 33 ( 17 ) : 3545 – 3556 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Tritt , W. P. and Schuchardt , F. 1992 . Materials flow and possibilities of treating liquid and solid wastes from slaughterhouses in Germany. A review . Bioresource Technology , 41 : 235 – 245 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA. 1975 . Development Document for Effluent Limitation Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Poultry Segment of the Meat Product and Rendering Processing Point Source Category Washington, D.C. : Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, (DCN 00140) . EPA-440/1-75-031B.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. 2002 . Environmental Assessment of Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Meat and Poultry Products Industry Point Source Washington, D.C. : Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency . EPA-821-B-01-008.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. 1998 . Wilson's Practical Meat Inspection Malden, MA : Blackwell Sci. Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Zhao , T. , Doyle , M. P. , Shere , J. and Garbes , L. 1995 . Prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a survey & dairy herds . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 61 : 1290 – 1293 . [CSA] [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar