30
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Increasing Use of Inhaled Steroids Associated with Declining Asthma Mortality

, F.R.C.P., , M.Phil., , Ph.D., , F.R.C.P., & , F.R.C.P.
Pages 161-167 | Published online: 30 Apr 2001

REFERENCES

  • Jackson R. T., Beaglehole R., Rea H. H., Sutherland D. C. Mortality from Asthma: A New Epidemic in New Zealand. Br. Med. J. 1982; 285: 771–774
  • Sly R. M. Increases in Deaths from Asthma. Ann. Allergy 1984; 53: 20–25
  • Stewart C. J., Munn A. J. Are Asthma Mortality Rates Changing?. Br. J. Dis. Chest 1985; 79: 229–234
  • Burney P. G. Asthma Mortality in England and Wales: Evidence for a Further Increase, 1974–84. Lancet 1986; 2: 323–326
  • Bousquet J., Hatton F., Godard P., Michael F. B. Asthma Mortality in France. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1987; 80: 389–394
  • Fleming D. M., Crombie D. L. Prevalence of Asthma and Hay Fever in England and Wales. Br. Med. J. 1987; 294: 279–83
  • Jackson R., Sears M. R., Beaglehole R., Rea H. H. International Trends in Asthma Mortality: 1970–1985. Chest 1988; 94: 914–918
  • Beasley R., Nishima S., Pearce N., Crane J. β-Agonist Therapy and Asthma Mortality in Japan. Lancet 1998; 351: 1406–1407
  • So S. Y., Ng M. M.T., Ip M. S.M., Lam W. K. Rising Asthma Mortality in Young Males in Hong Kong 1976–1985. Resp. Med. 1990; 84: 457–461
  • British Thoracic Society, Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London, King's Fund Centre, National Asthma Campaign. Guidelines for Management of Asthma in Adults. 1: Chronic Persistent Asthma. Br. Med. J. 1990; 301: 651–653
  • National Asthma Education Program Expert Panel Report. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Publication 91-3042, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 1991
  • British Thoracic Society, Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London, King's Fund Centre, and the National Asthma Campaign, the British Paediatric Association and the British Paediatric Respiratory Group, British Association for Accident and Emergency, the Royal College of General Practitioners and the General Practitioners in Asthma Group [Participants]. Guidelines on the Management of Asthma. Thorax 1993; 48((Suppl.))S1–S24
  • Kumana C. R., So S. Y., Li K. Y., Kou M., Chan S. C. Pattern of Anti-Asthmatic Drug Utilization in Hong Kong Compared to Other Parts of the World. Resp. Med. 1989; 83: 343–348
  • Nordic Statistics on Medicines 1981–83. Part 2. Nordic Drug Index with Classification and Defined Daily Doses. Nordic Council on Medicines, UppsalaSweden 1985
  • Estimated Population by Sex and Age, Mid Year, 1983–1997. Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong 1984–1998
  • Deaths Statistics: Total Deaths by Age, and Cause, 1983–1997. Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong 1984–1998
  • Breslow N. E., Day N. E. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. International Agency for Reseach in Cancer, LyonFrance 1980; 1
  • Ip M. S.M., So S. Y., Lam C. L.K., Lam W. K., Chan J. C.K., Tse M. H.W. Trends in Asthma Therapy in Hong Kong 1987–1992. J. Asthma 1993; 30: 475–483
  • Leung R., Wong G., Lau J., et al. Prevalence of Asthma and Allergy in Hong Kong Schoolchildren: An ISAAC Study. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 354–360
  • Ip M., So S. Y. β-Agonist and Asthma Mortality: Commentary from Southeast Asia. Med. Progress 1991; 18((8))17–18
  • Hsieh K. H., Shen J. J. Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Taipei, Taiwan and Other Asian Pacific Countries. J. Asthma 1988; 25: 73–82
  • Lai C. K.W., Douglass C., Ho S. S., et al. Asthma Epidemiology in the Far East. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1996; 26: 5–12
  • Burr M. L., Butland B. K., King S., Vaughan-Williams E. Changes in Asthma Prevalence: Two Surveys in 15 Years Apart. Arch. Dis. Child. 1989; 64: 1452–1456
  • Ayres J. G., Pansari S., Weller P. H., et al. A High Incidence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in 4–11 Year Old Children. Respir. Med. 1992; 86: 403–407
  • Bauman A. Has Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms Increased in Australian Children. J. Paediatr. Child. Health 1993; 29: 424–428
  • Norrman E., Rosenhall L., Nystrom L., Bergstrm E., Stjenberg N. High Prevalence of Asthma and Related Symptoms in Teenagers in Northern Sweden. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 6: 834–839
  • Farber H. J., Wattigney W., Berenson G. Trends in Asthma Prevalence: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 78: 265–269
  • Mannino D. M., Homa D. M., Pertowski C. A., et al. Surveillance for Asthma: United States, 1960–1995. MMWR 1998; 47: SS1–S27
  • Vollmer W. M., Osborne M. L., Buist A. S. 20-Year Trends in the Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Airflow Obstruction in an HMO. Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 1079–1084
  • Tseng R. Y.M., Li C. K., Spinks J. A. Particulate Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Asthma. Ann. Allergy 1992; 68: 425–432
  • White M. C., Etzel R. A., Wilcox W. D., Lloyd C. Exacerbations of Childhood Asthma and Ozone Pollution in Atlanta. Environ. Res. 1994; 65: 56–68
  • Utell M. J., Looney R. J. Evironmentally Induced Asthma. Toxicol. Lett. 1995; 82/83: 47–53
  • Northern England: Addressing Public Concern by Combining Geographical and Epidemiological Methods. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 1995; 49: 395–400
  • Lam W. K., So S. Y., Yu D. Y.C. Response to Oral Corticosteroids in Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Br. J. Dis. Chest 1983; 77: 189–198
  • Shah S. S., Johnston D., Woodcock A. A., Johnson M., Geddes D. M. Breathlessness and Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Airflow Obstruction: 2-Hourly Versus 4-Hourly Salbutamol by Inhalation. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 1983; 8: 345–349
  • Corris P. A., Neville E., Nariman S., Gibson G. J. Dose-Response Study of Inhaled Salbutamol Powder in Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Thorax 1983; 38: 292–296
  • Postma D. S., Peters I., Steehuis E. J., Sluiter H. J. Moderately Severe Chronic airflow Obstruction. Can Corticosteroids Slow Down Obstruction?. Eur. Respir. J. 1988; 1: 22–26
  • Weir D. C., Robertson A. S., Gove R. I., Burge P. S. Time Course of Response to Oral and Inhaled Corticosteroids in Non-Asthmatic Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Thorax 1990; 45: 118–121
  • Borron W., deBoisblanc B. P. Steroid Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 1998; 4: 61–65
  • Kumana C. R., So S. Y., Lauder I. J., Ip M. S.M., Lam W. K., Kou M. An Audit of Anti-Asthmatic Drug Inhalation Technique and Understanding. J. Asthma 1993; 30: 263–269
  • Lang D. M. Trends in US Asthma Mortality: Good News and Bad News. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 78: 333–337
  • Sly R. M., O'Donnell R. Stabilization of Asthma Mortality. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 78: 347–354
  • Campbell M. J., Cogman G. R., Holgate S. T., Johnston S. L. Age Specific Trends in Asthma Mortality in England and Wales, 1983–95: Results of an Observational Study. Br. Med. J. 1997; 314: 1439–1445

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.