References
- Barbee R A, Murphy S. The natural history of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102:S65–S72. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP). Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Publication No. 97-4051, Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1997.
- National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert panel report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma—update on selected topics 2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110(suppl):S141–S219. [CSA]
- Colice G L, Burgt J V, Song J, Stampone P, Thompson P J. Categorizing asthma severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1962–1967. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lemanske R F Jr, Busse W W. Asthma. JAMA 1997; 278:1855–1873. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Juniper E F. Quality of life in adults and children with asthma and rhinitis. Allergy 1997; 52:971–977. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Global Initiative for Asthma®. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Publication No. 02-3659, Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, revised 2002.
- Brink S. Children's asthma can be deadly, even when it's “mild”. US News World Rep November 29, 1999; 127:68–70. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Robertson C F, Rubinfeld A R, Bowes G. Pediatric asthma deaths in Victoria: the mild are at risk. Pediatr Pulmonol 1992; 13:95–100. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Haahtela T. The disease management approach to controlling asthma. Respir Med 2002; 96(suppl):S1–S8. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Barnes P, Fitzgerald G, Brown M, Dollery C. Nocturnal asthma and changes in circulating epinephrine, histamine, and cortisol. N Engl J Med 1980; 303:263–267. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gaultier C, Reinberg A, Girard F. Circadian rhythms in lung resistance and dynamic lung compliance of healthy children. Effect of two bronchodilators. Respir Physiol 1977; 31:169–182. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Lemmer B. Relevance for chronopharmacology in practical medicine. Semin Perinatol 2000; 24:280–290. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Prieto L, Gutiérrez V, Morales C, Perpinan J, Inchaurraga I. Variability of peak expiratory flow rate in allergic rhinitis and mild asthma: relationship to maximal airway narrowing. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998; 80:151–158. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Burioka N, Suyama H, Sako T, Shimizu E. Circadian rhythm in peak expiratory flow: alteration with nocturnal asthma and theophylline chronotherapy. Chronobiol Int 2000; 17:513–519. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- D'Alonzo G E, Smolensky M H, Feldman S, Gianotti L A, Emerson M B, Staudinger H, Steinijan V W. Twenty-four hour lung function in adult patients with asthma: chronooptimized theophylline therapy once-daily dosing in the evening versus conventional twice-daily dosing. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142:84–90. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Noonan M, Karpel J P, Bensch G W, Ramsdell J W, Webb D R, Nolop K B, Lutsky B N. Comparison of once-daily to twice-daily treatment with mometasone furoate dry powder inhaler. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 86:36–43. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rabe K F, Jörres R, Nowak D, Behr N, Magnussen H. Comparison of the effects of salmeterol and formoterol on airway tone and responsiveness over 24 hours in bronchial asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147:1436–1441. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- American Lung Association. Trends in Asthma Morbidity and Mortality. March, 2003. Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Research and Scientific Affairs. New York, NY: American Lung Association.
- Krishnan J A, Diette G B, Skinner E A, Clark B D, Steinwachs D, Wu A W. Race and sex differences in consistency of care with national asthma guidelines in managed care organizations. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:1660–1668. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Cydulka R K, Emerman C L, Rowe B H, Clark S, Woodruff P G, Sing A K, Camargo C A Jr, MARC Investigators. Differences between men and women in reporting of symptoms during an asthma exacerbation. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38:123–128. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Osborne M L, Vollmer W M, Linton K LP, Buist A S. Characteristics of patients with asthma within a large HMO: a comparison by age and gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:123–128. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chandler M HH, Schuldheisz S, Phillips B A, Muse K N. Premenstrual asthma: the effect of estrogen on symptoms, pulmonary function, and β2-receptors. Pharmacotherapy 1997; 17:224–234. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hanley S P. Asthma variation with menstruation. Br J Dis Chest 1981; 75:306–308. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Gluck J C, Cluck P A. The effects of pregnancy on asthma: a prospective study. Ann Allergy 1976; 37:164–168. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Schatz M, Harden K, Forsythe A, Chilingar L, Hoffman C, Sperling W, Zeiger R S. The course of asthma during pregnancy, post partum, and with successive pregnancies: a prospective analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 81:509–517. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Schatz M. The efficacy and safety of asthma medications during pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2001; 25:145–152. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jana N, Vasishta K, Saha S C, Khunnu B. Effect of bronchial asthma on the course of pregnancy, labour and perinatal outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 21:227–232. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Schatz M, Zeiger R S, Hoffman C P, Harden K, Forsythe A, Chilingar L, Saunders B, Porreco R, Sperling W, Kagnoff M, Benenson A S. Perinatal outcomes in the pregnancies of asthmatic women: a prospective controlled analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1170–1174. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Tan K S, Thomson N C. Asthma in pregnancy. Am J Med 2000; 109:727–733. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- National Asthma Education Program (NAEP). Report of the Working Group on Asthma and Pregnancy: Management of Asthma During Pregnancy. Publication No. 93-3279, Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1993.
- Bousquet J, Jeffery P K, Busse W W, Johnson M, Vignola A M. Asthma: from bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1720–1745. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chetta A, Foresi A, Del Donno M, Consigli G F, Bertorelli G, Pesci A, Barbee R A, Olivieri D. Bronchial responsiveness to distilled water and methacholine and its relationship to inflammation and remodeling of the airways in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:910–917. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Boulet L P, Bélanger M, Carrier G. Airway responsiveness and bronchial-wall thickness in asthma with or without fixed airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:865–871. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jeffrey P K, Wardlaw A J, Nelson F C, Collins J V, Kay A B. Bronchial biopsies in asthma. An ultrastructural, quantitative study and correlation with hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140:1745–1753.
- Kamm R D, Drazen J M. Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway wall thickening in asthma: a quantitative approach. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145:1249–1250. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Martin R J, Cicutto L C, Ballard R D. Factors related to the nocturnal worsening of asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141:33–38. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Anderton R C, Cuff M T, Frith P A, Cockcroft D W, Morse J L, Jones N L, Hargreave F E. Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine and exercise. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979; 63:315–320. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Barnes P J. New concepts in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 83:1013–1026., [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Mochizuki H, Shigeta M, Kato M, Maeda S, Shimizu T, Mirokawa A. Age-related changes in bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine in asthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:906–910. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Corren J. Allergic rhinitis and asthma: how important is the link? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99:S781–S786. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Corren J. The relationship between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999; 5:35–37. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Huse D M, Hartz S C, Russell M W, Piercey G, Weiss S. Allergic rhinitis may worsen asthma symptoms in children: the international asthma outcomes registry [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:A860.
- Kircher S, Schatz M, Long L. Variables affecting asthma course during pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:463–466. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Harding S M. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: insight into the association. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:251–259. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Herve P, Denjean A, Jian R, Simonneau G, Duroux P. Intraesophageal perfusion of acid increases the bronchomotor response to methacholine and to isocapnic hyperventilation in asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 134:986–989. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Vincent D, Cohon-Jonathan A M, Leport J, Merrouche M, Geronimi A, Pradalier A, Soule J C. Gastro-oesophageal reflux prevalence and relationship with bronchial reactivity in asthma. Eur Respir J 1997; 10:2255–2259. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Camargo C A, Weiss S T, Zhang S, Willett W C, Speizer F E. Prospective study of body mass index, weight change, and risk of adult-onset asthma in women. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:2582–2588. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Castro-Rodríguez J A, Holberg C J, Morgan W J, Wright A L, Martinez F D. Increased incidence of asthmalike symptoms in girls who become overweight or obese during school years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1344–1349. [CSA]
- Beckett W S, Jacobs D R Jr, Yu X, Iribarren C, Williams O D. Asthma is associated with weight gain in females but not males, independent of physical activity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:2045–2050. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shaheen S O, Sterne J AC, Montgomery S M, Azima H. Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults. Thorax 1999; 54:396–402. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gern J E. Rhinovirus respiratory infections and asthma. Am J Med 2002; 112(suppl):19S–27S. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Jarjour N N, Gern J E, Kelly E A, Swenson C A, Dick C R, Busse W W. The effect of an experimental rhinovirus 16 infection on bronchial lavage neutrophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:1169–1177. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Levandowski R A, Weaver C W, Jackson G G. Nasal-secretion leukocyte populations determined by flow cytometry during acute rhinovirus infection. J Med Virol 1988; 25:423–432. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Brunette M G, Lands L, Thibodeau L-P. Childhood asthma: prevention of attacks with short-term corticosteroid treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. Pediatrics 1988; 81:624–629. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Najada A, Abu-Hasan M, Weinberger M. Outcome of asthma in children and adolescents at a specialty-based care program. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 87:335–343. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Volovitz B, Nussinovitch M, Finkelstein Y, Harel L, Varsano I. Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in controlling acute asthma exacerbations in children at home. Clin Pediatr 2001; 40:79–86. [CSA]
- Nelson H S, Szefler S J, Jacobs for the Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group J, Huss K, Shapiro G, Stenberg A L. The relationships among environmental allergen sensitization, allergen exposure, pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the Childhood Asthma Management Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:775–785. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Nelson H S. The importance of allergens in the development of asthma and the persistence of symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:S628–S632. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sarpong S B, Karrison T. Skin test reactivity to indoor allergens as a marker of asthma severity in children with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998; 80:303–308. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Fleming D M, Cross K W, Sunderland R, Ross A M. Comparison of the seasonal patterns of asthma identified in general practitioner episodes, hospital admissions, and deaths. Thorax 2000; 55:662–665. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Petroeschevsky A, Simpson R W, Thalib L, Rutherford S. Associations between outdoor air pollution and hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia. Arch Environ Health 2001; 56:37–52. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wong G WK, Ko F WS, Lau T S, Li S T, Hui D, Pang S W, Leung R, Fok T F, Lai C KW. Temporal relationship between air pollution and hospital admissions for asthmatic children in Hong Kong. Clin Exp Allergy 2001; 31:565–569. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yu O, Sheppard L, Lumley T, Koenig J Q, Shapiro G G. Effects of ambient air pollution on symptoms of asthma in Seattle-area children enrolled in the CAMP study. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108:1209–1214. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Buckeridge D L, Glazier R, Harvey B J, Escobar M, Amrhein C, Frank J. Effect of motor vehicle emissions on respiratory health in an urban area. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110:293–300. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Desqueroux H, Pujet J C, Prosper M, Squinazi F, Momas I. Short-term effects of low level air pollution on respiratory health of adults suffering from moderate to severe asthma. Environ Res 2002; 89:29–37.
- Pope C A III, Dockery D W, Spengler J D, Raizenne M E. Respiratory health and PM10 pollution: a daily time series analysis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144:668–674. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Tolbert P E, Klein M, Metzger K B, Peel J, Flanders W D, Todd K, Mulholland J A, Ryan P B, Frumkin H. Interim results of the study of particulates and health in Atlanta (SOPHIA). J Exposure Anal Environ Epidemiol 2000; 10:446–460. [CSA]
- Chen Y, Horne S L, Dosman J A. Increased susceptibility to lung dysfunction in female smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:1224–1230. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Barnes P J. Therapeutic strategies for allergic diseases. Nature 1999; 402:B31–B38. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Greening A P, Ind P W, Northfield M, Shaw G, on behalf of Allen and Hanburys Limited UK Study Group. Added salmeterol versus higher-dose corticosteroid in asthma patients with symptoms on existing inhaled corticosteroid. Lancet 1994; 344:219–224. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Pauwels R A, Löfdahl C-G, Postma DS, for the Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group, Tattersfield A E, O'Byrne P, Barnes P J, Ullman A. Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:1405–1411. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Woolcock A, Lundback B, Ringdal N, Jacques L A. Comparison of addition of salmeterol to inhaled steroids with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:1481–1488. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- McNicol K N, Williams H B. Spectrum of asthma in children—I, clinical and physiological components. Br Med J 1973; 4:7–11. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Wainwright C, Isles A F, Francis P W. Asthma in children. Med J Aust 1997; 167:218–223. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Joseph C LM, Foxman B, Leickly F E, Peterson E, Ownby D. Sensitivity and specificity of asthma definitions and symptoms used in a survey of childhood asthma. J Asthma 1999; 36:565–573. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Castro-Rodríguez J A, Holberg C J, Wright A L, Martinez F D. A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with recurrent wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:1403–1406. [CSA]
- Martinez F D, Wright A L, Taussig LM and the Group Health Medical Associates, Holberg C J, Halonen M, Morgan W J. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:133–138. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- O'Brien-Ladner A. Asthma: new insights in the management of older adults. Geriatrics 1994; 49, pp. 20–25, 30–32.
- Adams R J, Fuhlbrigge A, Guilbert T, Lozano P, Martinez F. Inadequate use of asthma medication in the United States: results of the Asthma in America national population survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110:58–64. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Asthma in America. In: Survey Executive Summary: A Patient-Provider Communications Gap. (Accessed May 31, 2002) Available at: http://www.asthmainamerica.com/execsum/ commungap.htm.
- Kendrick A H, Higgs C MB, Whitfield M J, Laszlo G. Accuracy of perception of severity of asthma: patients treated in general practice. BMJ 1993; 307:422–424. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Yamada E G, Roberto L, Sudhakar R, Wilson S R, Mannino D M, Mejia C, Huss N, Grado J. Poor asthma control and inadequate medication regimens in a population of medical children with asthma [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:A267.
- Spector S. Noncompliance with asthma therapy—are there solutions? J Asthma 2000; 37:381–388. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Agertoft L, Pedersen S. Effects of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid on growth and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. Respir Med 1994; 88:373–381. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Haahtela T, Järvinen M, Kava T, Kiviranta K, Koskinen S, Lehtonen K, Nikander K, Persson T, Reinikainen K, Selroos O, Sovijärvi A, Stenius-Aarniala B, Svahn T, Tammivaara R, Laitinen L A. Comparison of a β2-agonist, terbutaline, with an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, in newly detected asthma. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:388–392. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pauwels R A, Pedersen S, Busse W W, Tan W C, Chen Y Z, Ohlsson S V, Ullman A, Lamm C J, O'Byrne P M, START Investigators Group. Early intervention with budesonide in mild persistent asthma. Lancet 2003; 361:1071–1076. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Selroos O, Pietinalho A, Löfroos A B, Riska H. Effect of early vs. late intervention with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Chest 1995; 108:1228–1234. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Haahtela T, Järvinen M, Kava T, Kiviranta K, Koskinen S, Lehtonen K, Nikander K, Persson T, Selroos O, Sovijärvi A, Stenius-Aarniala B, Svahn T, Tammivaara R, Laitinen L A. Effects of reducing or discontinuing inhaled budesonide in patients with mild asthma. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:700–705. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Overbeek S E, Kerstjens H AM, Bogaard J M, Mulder P G, Postma D S. Is delayed introduction of inhaled corticosteroids harmful in patients with obstructive airways disease (asthma and COPD)? Chest 1996; 110:35–41. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI). Position statement. The use of newer asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 84:476–480.
- Ericson A, Källén B. Use of drugs during pregnancy—unique Swedish registration method that can be improved. Swed Med Products Agency 1999; 1:8–11.
- Källén B, Rydhstroem H, Åberg A. Congenital malformations after the use of inhaled budesonide in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93:392–395. [CSA]
- Henriksen J M, Wenzel A. Effect of an intranasally administered corticosteroid (budesonide) on nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, and asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:1014–1018. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Watson W TA, Becker A B, Simons F ER. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with intranasal corticosteroids in patients with mild asthma: effect on lower airway responsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 91:97–101. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Khoshoo V, Le T, Haydel R, Landry L, Nelson C. Role of gastroesophageal reflux in older children with persistent asthma. Chest 2003; 123:1008–1013. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Simpson W G. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma: diagnosis and management. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:798–804. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- American Thoracic Society. Proceedings of the ATS workshop on refractory asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:2341–2351. [CSA]
- Chung K F. Difficult, therapy-resistant asthma: definition and clinical features. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2000; 55:459–465. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- McGeehan M, Busse W W. Refractory asthma. Med Clin North Am 2002; 86:1073–1090. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Barnes P J, Woolcock A J. Difficult asthma. Eur Respir J 1998; 12:1209–1218. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Pincus D J, Szefler S J, Ackerson L M, Martin R J. Chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95:1172–1178. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pincus D J, Humeston T R, Martin R J. Further studies on the chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:771–774. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Campbell L M, Bodalia B, Gogbashian C A, Gunn S D, Humphreys P J, Powell J P. Once-daily budesonide: 400 (g once daily is as effective as 200 (g twice daily in controlling childhood asthma. Int J Clin Pract 1998; 52:213–219. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Möller C, Strömberg L, Oldaeus G, Arwestrom E, Kjellman M. Efficacy of once-daily versus twice-daily administration of budesonide by Turbuhaler® in children with stable asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 1999; 28:337–343.
- Jones A H, Langdon C G, Lee P S, Lingham S A, Nankani J P, Follows R M, Tollemar U, Richardson P D. Pulmicort® Turbohaler® once daily as initial prophylactic therapy for asthma. Respir Med 1994; 88:293–299. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]