EFFECTS OF ELECTRICALLY GENERATED SILVER IONS ON HUMAN CELLS AND WOUND HEALING

REFERENCES

• Crede C. S.F. Die Verhutung der Augenzundung der Neugeborenen. Arch. Gynakol 1881; 17: 50
   Google Scholar
• Barrenco S. D., Spadaro J. A., Berger T. J., Becker R. O. In vitro effect of weak direct current on Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Orthop. 1974; 100: 250–255
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spadaro J. S., Berger T. J., Barrenco S. E., Chapin S. E., Becker R. O. Antibacterial effects of silver electrodes with weak direct current. Antimicrob. Age. Chemother 1974; 6: 637–642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger T. J., Spadaro J. A., Chapin S. E., Becker R. O. Electrically generated silver ions: quantitative effects on bacterial and mammalian cells. Antimicrob. Age. Chemother. 1976; 9: 357–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger T. J., Spadaro J. A., Bierman R., Chapin S. E., Becker R. O. Antifungal properties of electrically generated metallic ions. Antimicrob. Age. Chemother. 1976; 10: 856–860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spadaro J. A., Becker R. O. Treatment of localized infections with electrochemically injected silver. Transactions of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopedic Research Society. 1976; 114
   Google Scholar
• Becker R. O., Spadaro J. A., Marino A. M. Clinical experiences with low intensity direct current stimulation of bone growth. Clin. Orthop. 1977; 124: 75–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R. O., Spadaro J. A. Treatment of orthopedic infections with electrically generated silver ions. J. Bone Joint Surg. [A.M.] 1978; 60A: 871–881
   Google Scholar
• Webster D. A., Spadaro J. A., Becker R. O., Kramer S. Silver anode treatment of chronic osteromyelitis. Clin. Orthop. 1981; 161: 105–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R. O. Electrical treatment of osteomyelitis. Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System, C. Mc. Evarts. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1983; 10: 197–208
   Google Scholar
• Becker R. O. Silver ions in the treatment of local infections. J. Metal Based Drugs, in press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papineau L. J., Alfageme A., Dalcourt J. P., Pilon L. Osteomyelite chronique: excision et greffe de spongieux à l'air libre après a plat extensives. Int. Orthop. 1979; 3: 165–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustilo R. B. Management of infected fractures. Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System, C. Mc. Evarts. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1983; 10: 105–134
   Google Scholar
• Becker R. O. The bioelectric factors in amphibian limb regeneration. J. Bone Joint Surg. [A.M.] 1961; 43A: 643–656
   Google Scholar
• Lavine L. S., Grodzinsky A. J. Current concepts review: electrical stimulation of repair of bone. J. Bone Joint Surg. [A.M.] 1987; 69A: 626–630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee R. C., Canaday D. J., Doong H. A review of the biophysical basis for the clinical application of electric fields in soft-tissue repair. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 1993; 14: 319–335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alvarez O. M., Mertz P. M., Smerbeck R. V., Eaglstein W. H. The healing of superficial skin wounds is stimulated by external electrical current. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1983; 81: 144–148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu C.-S., McManus A. T., Pruitt B. A., Mason A. D. Therapeutic effects of silver nylon dressings with weak direct current on Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds. J. Trauma 1988; 28: 1488–1492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu C.-S., McManus A. T., Mason A. D., Okerberg C. V., Pruitt B. A. Multiple graft harvestings from deep partial-thickness scald wounds healed under the influence of weak direct current. J. Trauma 1990; 30: 1044–1050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu C.-S., McManus A. T., Okerberg C. V., Mason A. D., Pruitt B. A. Weak direct current accelerates split-thickness graft on tangentially excised second-degree burns. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 1991; 12: 285–293
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chu C.-S., McManus A. T., Matylevich N. P., Mason A. D., Pruitt B. A. Enhanced survival of autoepidermal-alloepidermal composite grafts in allosensitized animals by use of silver-nylon dressings and direct current. J. Trauma 1995; 39: 273–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu C.-S., Matylevich N. P., McManus A. T., Mason A. D., Pruitt B. A. Direct current reduces wound edema after full thickness burn injury in rats. J. Trauma 1996; 40: 738–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauro A. Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1961; 9: 393–398
   Google Scholar
• Beresford J. N. Osteogenic stem cells and the stromal system of bone and marrow. Clin. Orthop. 1989; 240: 661–665
   Google Scholar
• Young H. E., Ceballos E. M., Smith J. C., Mancini M. L., Wright R. P., Reagan B. L., Bushnell I., Lucas P. A. Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells reside within avian connective matrices. In Vivo Cell Dev. Biol. Anim. 1993; 29A: 723–736
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young H. E., Wright R. P., Mancini M. L., Lucas P. A., Reagan C. R., Black A. C. Bioactive factors affect proliferation and phenotypic expression in progenitor and pluripotent stem cells. Wound Rep. Regeneration 1998; 6: 65–75
   Google Scholar
• Berardi A. C., Wang A., Levine J. D., Lopez P., Scadden D. T. Functional isolation and characterization of human hematopoietic stem cells. Science 1995; 267: 104–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson J. A., Iskovitz-Eldor J., Shapiro S. S., Waknitz M. A., Swiergiel J. J., Marsall V. S., Jones J. M. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998; 282: 1145–1147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R. O., Chapin S., Sherry R. Regeneration of the ventricular myocardium in amphibians. Nature 1974; 248: 145–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith S. D. Induction of partial limb regeneration in Rana pipiens by galvanic stimulation. Anat Rec. 1967; 158: 89–97
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith S. D. Effects of electrode placement on stimulation of adult frog limb regeneration. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1974; 238: 500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R. O., Murray D. G. A method for producing cellular dedifferentiation by means of very small electrical currents. Trans. NY Acad. Sci. 1967; 29: 606–615
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrington D. B., Becker R. O. Electrical stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis in frog erythrocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 1073; 76: 95–98
   Google Scholar
• Becker R. O., Murray D. G. Electrical control system regulating fracture healing in amphibians. Clin. Orthop. 1970; 73: 169–198
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker R. O. Stimulation of partial limb regeneration in rats. Nature 1972; 235: 109–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R. O., Spadaro J. A. Electrical stimulation of partial limb regeneration in mammals. Bull. NY Acad. Med. 1972; 48: 627–641
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Illingworth C. M. Trapped fingers and amputated finger tips in children. J. Pediatr. Surg. 1974; 9: 853–859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illingworth C. M., Barker A. T. Measurement of electrical currents emerging during the regeneration of amputated finger tips in children. Clin Phys. Physiol. Measure. 1980; 1: 87–89
   Google Scholar
• Angrist R. C., Gonnering R. S., Dortzbach R. K., Crawford K. Bioelectric conductivity potentials in experimental skin grafts. Opthalmol. Plast. Reconstruct. Surg. 1987; 3: 131–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peacock E. E. Reflections on wound healing and regeneration. Wound Rep. Regeneration 1995; 3: 3–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gross J. Getting to mammalian wound repair and amphibian limb regeneration: a mechanistic link in the early events. Wound Rep. Regeneration 1996; 4: 190–202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stocum D. L. Regenerative biology and engineering: strategies for tissue restoration. Wound Rep. Regeneration 1998; 6: 276–290
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stocum D. L. Tissue restoration: approaches and prospects. Wound Rep. Regeneration 1996; 4: 3–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar