EXPOSURE TO 50 HZ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS INDUCES THE PHOSPHORYLATION AND ACTIVITY OF STRESS-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE IN CULTURED CELLS

REFERENCES

• Wertheimer N., Leeper E. Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1979; 109: 273–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomenius L. 50 Hz Electromagnetic Environment and the Incidence of Childhood Tumors in Stockholm County. Bioelectromagnetics 1986; 7: 191–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savitz D. A., Wachtel H., Barnes F. A., John E. M., Tvrdik J. G. Case-Control Study of Childhood Cancer and Exposure to 60 Hertz Magnetic Fields. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1988; 128: 21–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washburn E. P., Orza M. J., Berlin J. A., Nicholson W. J., Todd A. C., Frumkin H., Chalmers T. C. Residential Proximity to Electricity Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Risk of Childhood Leukemia, Childhood Lymphoma, and Childhood Nervous System Tumor: Systematic Review, Evaluation, and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Causes Control 1994; 5: 299–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luben R. A. Effects of Low-Energy Electromagnetic Fields (Pulsed and DC) on Membrane Signal Transduction Processes in Biological Systems. Health-Phys. 1991; 61: 15–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C. M., Chiang H., Fu Y. D., Shao B. J., Shi J. R., Yao G. D. Effects of 50 Hz Magnetic Fields on Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 290–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C. M., Chiang H., Fu Y. D., Lu D. Q., Shao B. J. Exposure to 50 Hz Electromagnetic Fields: Effects of Time and Field Strength on Gap Junctional Intercellular Communications. Electro. Magnetobiol. 1999; 18: 249–256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman C. F., Benane S. G., Rabinowitz J. R., House D. E., Joines W. T. A Role for the Magnetic Field in the Radiation-Induced Efflux of Calcium Ions from Brain Tissue In Vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 1985; 6: 327–337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walleczak J., Liburdy R. P. Nonthermal 60 Hz Sinusoidal Magnetic Field Exposure Enhances 45Ca2+ Uptake in Rat Thymocytes: Dependence on Mitogen Activation. FEBS Lett. 1990; 271: 157–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liburdy R. P. Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes and ELF Fields. FEBS Lett. 1992; 301: 53–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom E., Lindstrom P., Berglund A., Mild K. H., Lundgren E. Intercellular Calcium Oscillations Induced in a T-cell Line by a Weak 50 Hz Magnetic Field. J. Cell Physiol. 1993; 156: 395–398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbier E., Dufy B., Veyret B. Stimulation of Ca Influx in Rat Pituitary Cells Under Exposure to a 50 Hz Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics 1996; 17: 303–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beech J. A. Bioelectric Potential Gradients May Initiate Cell Cycling ELF and Zeta Potential Gradients May Mimic This Effect. Bioelectromagnetics 1997; 18: 341–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lednev V. V. Possible Mechanism for the Influence of Weak Magnetic Fields on Biological System. Bioelectromagnetics 1991; 12: 71–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y. X., He F. Ch., Wu Z. Z. Two Key Signal Transduction Pathways of Growth Factors and Cytokines. Prog. Biochem. Biophys. 1996; 23: 4–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uckun F. M., Kurosaki T., Jin J. Zh., Jun X., Morgan A., Takata M., Bolen J., Luben R. Exposure of B-Lineage Lymphoid Cells to Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields Stimulates Lyn Kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 27666–27670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byus C. V., Pieper S. E., Adey W. R. The Effects of Low-Energy 60 Hz Environmental Electromagnetic Fields Upon the Growth-Related Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase. Carcinogenesis 1987; 8: 1385–1389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz T. A., Krauss D., Mullins J. M. Effects of Coherence Time of the Applied Magnetic Field on Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity. Biochem Biophys. Res. Comm. 1991; 178: 862–865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y. R., Meyer C. F., Tan T. H. Persistent activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase1 (JNK1) in γ Radiation-Induced Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 631–634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y. R., Wang X. P., Templeton D., Davis R. J., Tan J. H. The Role of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) in Apoptosis Induced by Ultraviolet C and γ Radiation. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 31929–31936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galcheva-Gargova Z., Dérijard B., Wu I. H., Davis R. J. An Osmosensing Signal Transduction Pathway in Mammalian Cells. Science 1994; 265: 806–808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler V., Schaffer A., Kim J., Dolan L., Ronai Z. UV Irradiation and Heat Shock Mediate JNK Activation via Alternate Pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 26071–26077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan M., Dai T., Deak J. C., Kyriakis J. M., Zon L. I., Woodgett J. R., Templeton D. J. Activation of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase by MEKK1 Phosphorylation of Its Activator SEK1. Nature 1994; 372: 798–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibi M., Lin A., Seal T., Minden A., Karin M. Identification of an Oncoprotein- and UV Responsive Protein Kinase that Bind and Potentiate the c-Jun Activation Domain. Genes Dev. 1993; 7: 2135–2148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao J. S. Measuring Protein Content with Improved Lowry Assay. Experimental Tutorial of Biochemistry, R. B. Huang. World Book Press, Beijing 1995; 13–14
   Google Scholar
• Dérijard B., Hibi M., Wu I. H., Barrett T., Su B., Deng T., Karin M., Davis R. J. JNK1: A Protein Kinase Stimulated by UV Light and Ha-Ras that Binds and Phosphorylates the c-Jun Activation Domain. Cell 1994; 76: 1025–1037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagroye I., Poncy J. L. Influence of 50-Hz Magnetic Fields and Ionizing Radiation on c-jun and c-fos Oncoproteins. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 19: 112–116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips J. L., Haggren W., Thomas W. J., Ishida-Jones T., Adey W. R. Magnetic Field-Induced Changes in Specific Gene Transcription. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1992; 1132: 140–144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips J. L. Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Gene Transcription. J. Cell Biochem. 1993; 51: 381–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu R. Y., Chiang H., Fu Y. D., Lu D. J., Zeng Q. L. (1998) Use of Differential Display to Identify Differentially Expressed Genes Induced by ELF Magnetic Field. Abstracts, Twentieth Annual Meeting of Bioelectromagnetics Society, St. Pete Beach, FL, June, 1998, 216–217
   Google Scholar