Analysis of Acidic Herbicides in Water Using a Toroidal Coil CCC

References

• Mandava , N. B. and Ito , Y. 1988 . Countercurrent Chromatography: Theory and Practice Edited by: Mandava , N. B. and Ito , Y. New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Conway , W. D. 1989 . Countercurrent Chromatography: Apparatus, Theory, and Applications New York : VCH Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Weisz , A. , Scher , A. L. , Shinomiya , K. , Fales , H. M. and Ito , Y. 1994 . A new preparativescale purification technique—pH‐zone‐refining countercurrent chromatography . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 116 : 704 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz , A. , Scher , A. L. and Ito , Y. 1996 . Isolation of 4‐bromo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrachloro‐ fluorescein from a synthetic mixture by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography with continuous pH monitoring . J. Chromatogr. A. , 732 : 283 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennanec , R. , Viron , C. , Blanchard , S. and Lafosse , M. 2001 . Original uses of the pH‐zone refining principle: adaptation to synthesis imperatives and to ionic compounds . J. Liq. Chromatogr. & Rel. Technol. , 24 : 1575 – 1591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick , L. R. , Wu , C. D. and Kinghorn , A. D. 2001 . Isolation of alkaloids from goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis rhizomes) using pH‐zone refining countercurrent chromatography . J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. , 24 : 2445 – 2453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitazume , E. , Higashiyama , T. , Sato , N. , Kanetomo , M. , Tajima , T. , Kobayashi , S. and Ito , Y. 1999 . On‐line microextraction of metal traces for subsequent determination by plasma atomic emission spectrometry using pH peak focusing countercurrent chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 71 : 5515 – 5521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , F. , Quan , J. , Zhang , T. and Ito , Y. 1998 . Preparative separation of alkaloids from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography . J. Chromatogr. A , 822 : 316 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito , Y. 2000 . Centrifugal precipitation chromatography: principle, apparatus, and optimization of key parameters for protein fractionation by ammonium sulfate precipitation . Anal. Biochem. , 277 : 143 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sookkumnerd , T. , Hsu , J. T. and Ito , Y. 2000 . Purification of PEG‐protein conjugates by centrifugal precipitation chromatography . J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. , 23 : 1973 – 1979 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito , Y. 1999 . Centrifugal precipitation chromatography applied to fractionation of proteins with ammonium sulfate . J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. , 22 : 2825 – 2836 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda , K. , Matsuda , S. and Ito , Y. 1998 . Toroidal coil counter‐current chromatography—achievement of high resolution by optimizing flow‐rate, rotation speed, sample volume and tube length . J. Chromatogr. A , 808 : 95 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Corcia , A. and Marchetti , M. 1991 . Multiresidue method for pesticides in drinking‐water using a graphitized carbon‐black cartridge extraction and liquid chromatographic analysis . Anal. Chem. , 63 : 580 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichon , V. , Cau Dit Coumes , C. , Chen , L. , Guenu , S. and Hennion , M. C. 1996 . Simple removal of humic and fulvic acid interferences using polymeric sorbents for the simultaneous solid‐phase extraction of polar acidic, neutral and basic pesticides . J. Chromatogr. A , 737 : 25 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coquart , V. and Hennion , M. C. 1993 . Determination of phenoxyacid herbicides in drinking‐water at the Ppt‐level by liquid chromatography and online selective preconcentration . Sci. Total Environ. , 132 : 349 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masque , N. , Galia , M. , Marce , R. M. and Borrull , F. 1998 . New chemically modified polymeric resin for solid‐phase extraction of pesticides and phenolic compounds from water . J. Chromatogr. A , 803 : 147 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken , G. R. , McKnight , D. M. , Wershaw , R. L. and MacCarthy , P. 1985 . Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment and Water Edited by: Aiken , G. R. , McKnight , D. M. , Wershaw , R. L. and MacCarthy , P. New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Gaffney , J. S. , Marley , N. A. and Clark , S. B. 1996 . Humic and Fulvic Acids/Isolation, Structure, and Environmental Role , ACS Symposium Series 651; Edited by: Gaffney , J. S. , Marley , N. A. and Clark , S. B. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Di Corcia , A. , Marchese , S. and Samperi , R. 1993 . Evaluation of graphitized carbon‐black as a selective adsorbent for extracting acidic organic‐compounds from water . J. Chromatogr. , 642 : 163 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ruiter , C. , Minnaard , W. A. , Lingeman , H. , Kirk , E. M. , Brinkman , U. A.T. and Otten , R. R. 1991 . Sensitive and selective fluorescence detection of phenoxyacid herbicides by liquid chromatography with online ion‐pair extraction . Int. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 43 : 79 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geerdink , R. B. , Tol‐Wildenburg van , S. , Niessen , W. M.A. and Brinkman , U. A.T. 1997 . Determination of phenoxy acid herbicides from aqueous samples by improved clean‐up on polymeric pre‐columns at high pH . Analyst , 122 : 889 – 893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilve , G. , Audnunson , G. and Jonsson , J. A. 1989 . Sample preparation by means of a supported liquid membrane for the determination of chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids . J. Chromatogr. , 471 : 151 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkerton , T. C. 1991 . High‐performance liquid chromatography packing materials for the analysis of small molecules in biological matrices by direct injection . J. Chromatogr. , 544 : 13 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancho‐Llopis , J. V. , Hernandez‐Hernandez , F. , Hogendoorn , E. A. and Zoonen van , P. 1993 . Rapid method for the determination of 8 chlorophenoxy acid residues in environmental water samples using off‐line solid phase extraction and online selective precolumn switching . Anal. Chim. Acta , 283 : 287 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onnerfjord , P. , Barcelo , D. , Emneus , J. , Gorton , L. and Marko‐Varga , G. 1996 . On‐line solid‐phase extraction in liquid chromatography using restricted access pre‐columns for the analysis of s‐triazines in humic‐containing waters . J. Chromatogr. A , 737 : 35 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogendoorn , E. A. , Dijkman , E. , Baumann , B. , Hidalgo , C. and Sancho , J. V. 1999 . Strategies in using analytical restricted access media columns for the removal of humic acid interferences in the trace analysis of acidic herbicides in water samples by coupled column liquid chromatography with UV detection . F. Hernandez Anal. Chem. , 71 : 1111 – 1118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janaway , L. , Hawes , D. , Wood , P. and Sutherland , I. 2002 . A New Rapid Analytical Countercurrent Chromatography: The Description of a Rapid, Small Coil Volume CCC Instrument Capable of Directly Interfacing with a Mass Spectrometer Detector . 2nd International Conference on Counter‐Current Chromatography . April 15–20 2002 , Beijing . pp. 45
   Google Scholar