An Integrated Subsurface Modeling and Risk Assessment Approach for Managing the Petroleum-Contaminated Sites

References

• Dowd , R.M. 1985 . Leaking underground storage tanks . Environ. Sci. & Tech. , 18 : 10 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Newton , J. 1991 . Investigating leaking underground storage tanks . Pollution Engng. , 23 : 80 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• CCME . “ (Canadian Council of Ministers of The Environment) ” . In Environmental Code of Practice for Underground Storage Tank Systems Containing Petroleum Products and Allied Petroleum Products, , 1993 Ed. Beauregard Printers Limited .
   Google Scholar
• Testa , S.M. and Winegardner , D.L. 1991 . Restoration of Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifers Chelsea , MI : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , P.R. , Lang , R.F. and Payan , I.L. 1985 . “ Anaerobic transformation, transport, and removal of volatile chlorinated organics in ground water ” . In Ground Water Quality Edited by: Ward , C.H. and Giger , W. New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hixson , J. , Dryden , C. and Hise , W. 1993 . Screening site contamination using pathway exposure factors . J. Soil Contam. , 2 : 93 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• SERM (Saskatchewan Environment And Resource Management). 1995 . Risk Based Corrective Actions for Petroleum Contaminated Sites Regina, Saskatchewan , , Canada : Province of Saskatchewan .
   Google Scholar
• API (American Petroleum Institute). Phase Separated Hydrocarbon Contaminant Modeling for Corrective Action , Publ. 4474 . API, Washington, D.C., 1988
   Google Scholar
• Charbeneau , R.J. , Wanakule , N. , Chiang , C.Y. , Nevin , J.P. and Klein , C.L. 1989 . Proc. Conf. on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Restoration . 1989 . A Two-Layer Model to Simulate Floating Free Product Recovery: Formulation and Applications , Dublin , OH : Natl. Ground Water Assoc. .
   Google Scholar
• Faust , C.R. , Guswa , J.H. and Mercer , J.W. 1989 . Simulation of three-dimensional flow of immiscible fluids within and below the unsaturated zone . Water Resour. Res. , 25 ( 12 ) : 2449 – 2464 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huyakorn , P.S. , Wu , Y.S. and Panday , S. 1992 . Proc. Conf. on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Restoration . 1992 . A Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Numerical Model for Predicting the Fate of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface , pp. 239 – 253 . Dublin , OH : Natl. Ground Water Assoc. .
   Google Scholar
• Kaluarachchi , J.J. and Parker , J.C. 1989 . Modeling multicomponent organic chemical transport in three-fluid-phase porous media . J. of Contam. Hydro. , 5 : 349 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaluarachchi , J.J. and Parker , J.C. 1990 . An efficient finite element method for modeling multiphase flow in porous media . Water Resour. Res. , 25 : 43 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katyal , A.K. , Kaluarachchi , J.J. and Parker , J.C. 1991 . MOFAT: A Two-Dimensional Finite Element Program for Multiphase Flow and Multicomponent Transport, Program Documentation and User's Guide Ada , OK : U.S. EPA, R.S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab. . EPA-600/2-91-020, NTIS PB91-191692
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , J.W. , Charbeneau , R.J. , Tauxe , J.D. , Lien , B.K. and Provost , J.B. 1994 . The Hydrocarbon Spill Screening Model (HSSM) Volume 1: User's Guide Ada , OK : R.S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab. . EPA/600/R-94/039a; U.S. EPA
   Google Scholar
• Simunek , J. , van Genutchten , M. and Suarez , D.L. 1995 . Modelling multiple solute transport in variably saturated soils . IAHS Publication , 225 : 311 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Stephens , D.B. 1996 . Vadose Zone Hydrology Boca Raton , Florida : CRC Press, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• van Genuchten , M.Th. and Wierenga , P.J. 1976 . Mass transfer studies in sorbing media . 1. Analytical solutions. Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. J. , 40 : 473 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katyal , A.K. 1997 . BIOF&T Flow and Transport in the Saturated and Unsaturated Zones in 2- or 3-Dimensions: Technical Document & User Guide Blacksburg , VA : Draper Aden Environmental Modeling, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Katyal , A.K. and Parker , J.C. 1992 . An adaptive solution domain algorithm for solving multiphase flow equations . Comput. & Geosci. , 18 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1989 . Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A) Vol. 1 , Washington , D.C. : Office of Emergency and Remedial Response . EPA/540/1-89/002
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991 . Standard Default Factors Washington , D.C. : Office of Emergency and Remedial Response . OSWER Directive 9285.6-03
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992 . Guidelines for exposure assessment . Federal Register , 57 ( 104 ) : 22888 – 22938 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , M.D. , Wilson , J.T. and Ward , C.H. 1987 . In situ restoration techniques for aquifers contaminated with hazardous waste . J. of Hazardous Materials , 14 : 71 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy F. Weston, Inc.; U of Massachusetts. 1990 . Remedial Technologies for Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Chelsea, Michigan , , U.S.A. : Lewis Publishers, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , H.M. and Harris , E.F. 1995 . Hazardous Waste Remediation: Innovative Treatment Technologies Lancaster, Pennsylvania , , U.S.A. : Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Nyer , E.K. 1998 . Groundwater and Soil Remediation: Practical and Strategies Chelsea, Michigan , , U.S.A. : Ann Arbor Press .
   Google Scholar