143
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Synchrotron Infrared Microscopy Study of the Crystalline Morphology of the Interphase in Polypropylene/LCP‐Fiber Model Composites

, &
Pages 191-206 | Published online: 16 Aug 2006

References

  • La Mantia , F. P. 1993 . Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymer Blends Edited by: La Mantia , F. P. Lancaster , , USA : Technomic Publishing Co. Inc. .
  • Isayev , A. I. , Kyu , S. Z.D. and Cheng , T. 1996 . Liquid Crystal Polymer Systems: Technological Advances Edited by: Isayev , A. I. , Kyu , S. Z.D. and Cheng , T. Washington , , USA : ACS .
  • Mallick , P. K. 1988 . Fiber‐Reinforced Composites New York , , USA : Marcel Dekker .
  • Baird , D. G. and McLeod , M. 2000 . “ Liquid crystal polymer blends ” . In Polymer Blends: Performance Edited by: Paul , D. R. and Bucknall , C. B. Vol. 2 , 429 New York , , USA : J. Wiley & Sons . Chap. 32
  • Brostow , W. 1999 . “ Polymer liquid crystals in high performance blends ” . In Polymer Blends and Alloys Edited by: Shonalke , G. O. and Simon , G. P. 365 New York , , USA : Marcel Dekker Inc. . Chap. 13
  • Isayev , A. I. , Kyu , T. and Cheng , S. Z.D. 1996 . Liquid Crystal Polymer Systems: Technological Advances Edited by: Isayev , A. I. , Kyu , T. and Cheng , S. Z.D. Washington , , USA : ACS .
  • Acierno , D. and Collyer , A. A. 1996 . Polymer Liquid Crystals. 2. Rheology and Processing Edited by: Acierno , D. and Collyer , A. A. London , , UK : Chapman and Hall .
  • Kiss , G. 1987 . In situ composites: Blends of isotropic polymers and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 27 : 410
  • Plastics News Resin Pricing. Crain Communications: http://www.plasticsnews.com (accessed December 2002)
  • Jenckel , E. , Teege , E. and Hinrichs , W. 1952 . Transcrystallization in high molecular weight materials . Kolloid Zeits. , 129 : 19
  • Varga , J. 1995 . “ Crystallization, melting and supermolecular structure of isotactic polypropylene ” . In Polypropylene. Structure, Blends and Composites, Vol. 1, Structure and Morphology Edited by: Karger‐Kocsis , J. Vol. 1 , 56 London , , England : Chapman & Hall . Chap. 3
  • Folkes , M. J. 1995 . “ Interfacial crystallization of polypropylene in composites ” . In Polypropylene. Structure, Blends and Composites, Vol. 3, Composites Edited by: Karger‐Kocsis , J. Vol. 3 , 340 London , , England : Chapman & Hall . Chap. 10
  • Jancar , J. 1999 . “ Engineered interphases in polypropylene composites ” . In Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites Edited by: Karian , H. G. 367 Marcel Dekker . Chap. 11
  • Folkes , M. J. and Hardwick , S. T. 1984 . The molecular weight dependence of transcrystallinity in fibre reinforced thermoplastics . J. Mater. Sci. Lett. , 3 : 1071 [CROSSREF]
  • Lovinger , A. J. , Chua , J. O. and Gryte , C. C. 1977 . Studies on the α and β forms of isotactic polypropylene by crystallization in a temperature gradient . J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. , 15 : 641 [CROSSREF]
  • Varga , J. and Karger‐Kocsis , J. 1996 . Rules of supermolecular structure formation in sheared isotactic polypropylene melts . J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. Ed. , 34 : 657 [CROSSREF]
  • Zipper , P. , Janosi , A. , Wrentschur , E. , Abuja , P. M. and Knabl , C. 1993 . Position resolved x‐ray scattering of moldings from semicrystalline polymers . Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. , 93 : 377
  • Devaux , E. and Chabert , B. 1990 . Nonisothermal crystallization of glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene . Polym. Commun. , 31 : 391
  • Leugering , H. J. 1967 . Influence of the crystalline structure and superstructure on some properties of polypropylene . Makromol. Chem. , 109 : 204 [CROSSREF]
  • Varga , J. 1986 . Melting memory effect of the β‐modification of polypropylene . J. Therm. Anal. , 31 : 165
  • Varga , J. , Mudra , I. and Ehrenstein , G. W. 1999 . Highly active thermally stable β‐nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 74 : 2357 [CROSSREF]
  • Shi , G. , Zhang , J. , Cao , Y. and Hong , J. 1993 . Melting behaviour and crystalline order of β‐crystalline phase poly(propylene) . Makromol. Chem. , 194 : 269 [CROSSREF]
  • Li , J. X. and Cheung , W. L. 1999 . Conversion of growth and recrystallisation of β‐phase in doped iPP . Polymer , 40 : 2085 [CROSSREF]
  • Marco , C. , Gómez , M. A. , Ellis , G. and Arribas , M. J. 2002 . Activity of β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene and its influence of polymorphic transitions . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 86 : 531 [CROSSREF]
  • Lustiger , A. , Marzinskymez , C. N. , Mueller , R. R. and Wagner , H. D. 1995 . Morphology and damage mechanisms of the transcrystalline interphase in polypropylene . J. Adhesion , 53 : 1
  • Riekel , C. 2000 . New avenues in X-ray microbeam experiments . Rep. Prog. Phys. , 63 : 233 [CROSSREF]
  • Riekel , C. and Karger‐Kocsis , J. 1999 . Structural investigation of the phase transformation in the plastic zone of a β‐phase isotactic polypropylene by synchrotron radiation microdiffraction . Polymer , 40 : 541 [CROSSREF]
  • Assouline , E. , Watchel , E. , Grigull , S. , Lustiger , A. , Wagner , H. D. and Marom , G. 2001 . Lamellar twisting in α isotactic polypropylene transcrystallinity investigated by synchrotron microbeam X‐ray diffraction . Polymer , 42 : 6231 [CROSSREF]
  • Heppenstall‐Butler , M. and Young , R. J. 1995 . Investigation of axial fiber stresses in transcrystalline regions of single‐fiber aramid/polypropylene composites using Raman spectroscopy . J. Mater. Sci. Lett. , 14 : 1638 [CROSSREF]
  • Fernández , M. R. , Merino , J. C. , Gobernado‐Mitre , M. I. and Pastor , J. M. 2000 . Molecular and lamellar orientation of α and β‐transcrystalline layers in polypropylene composites by polarized confocal micro‐Raman spectroscopy: Raman imaging by static point illumination . Appl. Spectrosc. , 54 : 1105 [CROSSREF]
  • Carr , G. L. , Dumas , P. , Hirschmugl , C. J. and Williams , G. P. 1998 . Infrared synchrotron radiation programs at the National synchrotron light source . Il Nuovo Cimento , 20 : 375
  • Dumas , P. , Carr , G. L. and Williams , G. P. 2000 . Enhancing the lateral resolution in infrared microspectrometry by using synchrotron radiation: applications and perspectives . Analusis, Eur. J. Anal. Chem. , 28 : 68
  • Marco , C. , Gómez , M. A. , Ellis , G. and Arribas , J. M. 2002 . Highly efficient nucleating additive for isotactic polypropylene studied by differential scanning calorimetry . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 84 : 1669 [CROSSREF]
  • Dumas , P. MIRAGE Beamline Webpage, http://www.lure.u‐psud.fr/Experiences/SACO/SA5/Anglaise/intro.htm (accessed December 2002)
  • Siesler , H. W. and Holland‐Moritz , K. 1980 . Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers , Practical Spectroscopy Series Vol. 4 , 249 New York , , USA : Marcel Dekker .
  • Samuels , R. J. 1981 . Infrared dichroism, molecular structure, and deformation mechanisms of isotactic polypropylene . Makromol. Chem. Suppl. , 4 : 241 [CROSSREF]
  • Miyazawa , T. 1964 . Theory of normal vibrations of helical polymers and vibrational assignment of the IR spectra of isotactic PP . J. Polym. Sci.: Part C , 7 : 59
  • Snively , C. M. and Koenig , J. L. 1999 . Fast FTIR imaging: A new tool for the study of semicrystalline polymer morphology . J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. , 37 : 2353 [CROSSREF]
  • MacDonald , M. P. and Ward , I. M. 1961 . The assignment of the infra‐red absorption bands and the measurement of tacticity in polypropylene . Polymer , 2 : 341 [CROSSREF]
  • Ellis , G. unpublished results
  • Turner‐Jones , A. , Aizlewood , J. M. and Beckett , D. R. 1994 . Crystalline forms of isotactic polypropylene . Macromol. Chem , 75 : 134
  • Ellis , G. , Gómez , M. A. and Marco , C. 2001 . Int. J. Vibr. Spectrosc. , 5 ( 4 ) : 7 http://www.ijvs.com (accessed December 2003)
  • Ellis , G. 2002 . Studies on the heterogeneity of polymeric systems by vibrational microscopy . Macromol. Symp. , 184 : 37 [CROSSREF]
  • Ellis , G. , Marco , C. , Gomez , M. A. , Collar , E. P. and García‐Martínez , J. M. 2004 . The study of heterogreneous polymer systems by synchrotron infrared microscopy . J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. , 43 : 251
  • Ellis , G. , Marco , C. , Gómez , M. A. and Blancas , C. Characterization of structural heterogeneity in polymorphic polypropylene by vibrational scpectroscopy . Bol. Soc. Esp. Cerám. Vídrio , accepted
  • Assouline , E. , Pohl , S. , Fulchiron , R. , Gerard , J.‐F. , Lustiger , A. , Wagner , H. D. and Marom , G. 2000 . The kinetics of α and β transcrystallization in fibre‐reinforced polypropylene . Polymer , 41 : 7843 [CROSSREF]
  • Gómez , M. A. , Ellis , G. , Marco , C. , Torre , J. , Cortazar , M. and Riekel , C. Unpublished results
  • Hata , T. , Osaka , K. , Yamada , T. , Nakamae , K. , Shibata , N. and Matsumoto , T. 1994 . Transcrystalline region of polypropylene: its formation, structure and mechanical properties . J. Adhesion , 45 : 125
  • Varga , J. and Karger‐Kocsis , J. 1995 . Interfacial morphologies in carbon fibre‐reinforced polypropylene microcomposites . Polymer , 36 : 4877
  • Wu , C‐M. , Chen , M. and Karger‐Kocsis , J. 1999 . The role of metastability in the micromorphologic features of sheared isotactic polypropylene melts . Polymer , 40 : 4195 [CROSSREF]
  • Dean , D. M. , Rebenfeld , L. , Register , R. A. and Hsiao , B. S. 1998 . Matrix molecular orientation in fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites . J. Mat. Sci. , 33 : 4797 [CROSSREF]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.