Advanced search
Publication Cover
Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C
Polymer Reviews
Volume 43, 2003 - Issue 3
Journal homepage
163
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Dendrimeric Supramolecular and Supramacromolecular Assemblies

Donald A. Tomalia Ph.D. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Michigan Molecular Institute, Midland, Michigan, USA; Dendritic NanoTechnologies, Inc., 2625 Denison Drive, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA Fax: E-mail: [email protected]
&
István Majoros University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Pages 411-477 | Published online: 07 Feb 2007

References

  • Pullman , B. 1998 . The Atom in the History of Human Thought New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Mason , S.E. 1991 . Chemical Evolution Oxford, Clarendon : Oxford University Press .
  • Eigen , M. , Gardiner , W. , Schuster , P. and Winkler-Oswatitsch , R. 1982 . Evolution Now New York : Freeman .
  • Eigen , M. 1971 . Naturwissenschaften , 10 : 465
  • Kuhn , H. and Waser , J. 1981 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 20 : 500
  • Prigogine , I. 1972 . Physics Today , 25 ( 12 ) : 38
  • 1981 . Webster' s Third New International Dictionary Springfield, MA : G & C Merriam .
  • Alberts , B. , Bray , D. , Lewis , J. , Raff , M. , Roberts , K. and Watson , J.D. 1994 . Molecular Biology of the Cell New York, London : Garland .
  • Darnell , J. , Lodish , H. and Baltimore , D. 1986 . Molecular Cell Biology New York : Scientific American Books .
  • Joyce , G.F. 1992 . Scientific American , 90
  • Salzburg , H.W. 1991 . From Caveman to Chemist Washington, DC : American Chemical Society .
  • Lehn , J.M. 1988 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 27 : 89
  • Gokel , G.W. 1991 . Crown Ethers and Cryptands Cambridge, , UK : Royal Society of Chemistry .
  • Newkome , G.R. , Moorfield , C.N. and Vogtle , F. 1996 . Dendritic Molecules Weinheim : VCH .
  • Philip , D. and Stoddart , J.F. 1991 . Synlett , 7 : 445
  • Ashton , P.R. , Isaacs , N.S. , Kohnke , F.H. , Mathias , J.P. and Stoddart , J.F. 1989 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 28 : 1258
  • Ashton , P.R. , Isaacs , N.S. , Kohnke , F.H. , D'Alcontres , G.S. and Stoddart , J.F. 1989 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 28 : 1261
  • Kohnke , F.H. , Mathias , J.P. and Stoddart , J.F. 1989 . Molecular Recognition: Chemical and Biochemical Problems Cambridge, , UK : Royal Society of Chemistry .
  • Kohnke , F.H. , Mathias , J.P. and Stoddart , J.F. 1989 . Angew. Chem. Adv. Mater. , 101 : 1129
  • Freemantle , M. 1999 . Chem. Eng. News , : 51 – 58 .
  • Drain , C.M. , Nifiatis , F. , Vasenko , A. and Batteas , J.D. 1998 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 37 : 2344
  • Drain , C.M. and Lehn , J.M.J. 1994 . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , : 2313
  • Wagner , R.W. , Seth , J. , Yang , S.I. , Kim , D. , Bocian , D.F. , Holten , D. and Lindsey , J.S. 1998 . J. Org. Chem. , 63 : 5042
  • Slone , R.V. and Hupp , J.T. 1997 . Inorg. Chem. , 36 : 5422
  • Drain , C.M. , Russell , K.S. and Lehn , J.M. 1996 . Chem. Commun. , : 337
  • Alessio , E. , Macchi , M. , Heath , S. and Marzilli , L.G. 1996 . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Common. , : 1411
  • Alessio , E. , Macchi , M. and Heath , S. 1997 . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Common. , 36 : 5614
  • Kobuke , Y. and Miyaji , H. 1996 . Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan , 69 : 3563
  • Stibrany , R.T. , Vasudevan , J. , Knapp , S. , Potenza , J.A. , Emge , T. and Schugar , H.J. 1996 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 118 : 3980
  • Tamiaki , H. , Miyatake , T. , Tanikaga , R. , Holzwarth , A.R. and Schaffner , K. 1996 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 35 : 772
  • Amabilino , D.B. , Dietrich-Bucheker , C.O. and Sauvage , J.-P. 1996 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 188 : 3285
  • Anderson , S. , Anderson , H.L. and Sanders , J.K.M. 1993 . Acc. Chem. Res. , 26 : 469
  • Buhleier , E. , Wehner , W. and Vögtle , F. 1978 . Synthesis , : 155
  • Tomalia , D.A. and Esfand , R. 1997 . Chem. Industry , 11 ( 2 June ) : 416 – 420 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. and Durst , H.D. 1993 . “ Genealogically Directed Synthesis; starburst/cascade dendrimers and hyperbranched structures ” . In Topics in Current Chemistry Vol. 165. Supramolecular Chemistry I—Directed Synthesis and Molecular Recognition Edited by: Weber , E. pp. 193 – 313 . Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Naylor , A.M. and Goddard , W.A. III. 1990 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 29 ( 2 ) : 138 – 175 .
  • Fendler , J. 1982 . Membrane Mimetic Chemistry; Characterization and Applications of Micelles, Microemulsions, Monolayers, Bilayers, Vesicles, Host Guest Systems, and Polyions Chichester : Wiley Interscience .
  • Tschierske , C. 1998 . J. Mater. Chem. , 8 ( 7 ) : 1485 – 1508 .
  • Tanford , C. 1973 . The Hydrophobic Effect: Formation of Micelles and Biological Membranes New York : Wiley .
  • 1967 . Macromolekulare Chemie—Das Werk Hermann Staudingers in Seiner Heutigen Bedeutung Munchen : Schnell and Steiner .
  • Morawetz , H. 1985 . Polymers : The Origin and Growth of a Science Chichester, , UK : Wiley .
  • Hsieh , H.L. and Quirk , R.P. 1996 . Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practical Applications New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
  • Matyjaszewski , K. 1996 . Cationic Polymerizations: Mechanisms, Synthesis, and Applications pp. 1 – 768 . New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
  • Matyjaszewski , K. 1997 . “ Controlled radical polymerization ” . In ACS Symposium 685 Vol. 685 , Washington, DC : ACS .
  • Hatada , K. , Kitayama , T. and Vogl , O. 1997 . Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
  • Merrifield , R.B. 1963 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 85 : 2149 – 2154 .
  • Merrifield , R.B. 1986 . Science , 232 : 341 – 347 .
  • Lothian-Tomalia , M.K. , Hedstrand , D.M. and Tomalia , D.A. 1997 . Tetrahedron , 53 ( 45 ) : 15495 – 15513 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. 1995 . Scientific American , 272 ( 5 ) : 62 – 66 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. 1996 . Macromol. Symp. , 101 : 243 – 255 .
  • Naj , A.K. 1996 . “ Persistent inventor markets a molecule ” . In The Wall Street Journal Vol. B1 , New York
  • Fréchet , J.M.J. 1994 . Science , 263 : 1710 – 1715 .
  • Dusek , K. 1997 . TRIP , 5 ( 8 ) : 268 – 274 .
  • Uppuluri , S. , Swanson , D.R. , Brothers , H.M. II. , Piehler , L.T. , Li , J. , Meier , D.J. , Hagnauer , G.L. and Tomalia , D.A. 1999 . Poly. Mater Sci. Eng. (ACS) , 80 : 55 – 56 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Hedstrand , D.M. and Wilson , L.R. 1990 . “ Dendritic polymers ” . In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, , 2nd Ed. Vol. index volume , 46 – 92 . New York : Wiley .
  • Zeng , F. and Zimmerman , S.C. 1997 . Chem. Rev. , 97 : 1681 – 1712 .
  • Matthews , O.A. , Shipway , A.N. and Stoddart , J.F. 1998 . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 23 : 1 – 56 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. 1994 . Adv. Mater , 6 ( 7/8 ) : 529 – 539 .
  • Kallos , G.J. , Tomalia , D.A. , Hedstrand , D.M. , Lewis , S. and Zhou , J. 1991 . Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrometry , 5 : 383 – 386 .
  • Dvornic , P.R. and Tomalia , D.A. 1995 . Macromol. Symp. , 98 : 403 – 428 .
  • Brothers , H.M. II. , Piehler , L.T. and Tomalia , D.A. 1998 . J. Chromatography A , 814 : 233 – 246 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Baker , H. , Dewald , J. , Hall , M. , Kallos , G. , Martin , S. , Roeck , J. , Ryder , J. and Smith , P. 1985 . Polym. J. (Tokyo) , 17 : 117 – 132 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Dewald , J.R. , Hall , M.J. , Martin , S.J. and Smith , P.B. 1984 . Preprints of the First SPSJ International Polymer Conference . Society of Polymer Science . 1984 , Kyoto, Japan. pp. 65
  • Tomalia , D.A. April 1984 . Akron Polymer Lecture Series April , Akron, OH
  • Tomalia , D.A. 1983 . Flory–Pauling Macromolecular Conference—Frontiers in Synthetic Polymer Chemistry . January 1983 , Santa Barbara, CA.
  • Tomalia , D.A. March 1985 . Sixth Biennial Carl, S. Marvel Symposium—Advances in Synthetic Polymer Chemistry March , Tucson, AZ
  • Tomalia , D.A. 1984 . ACS Great Lakes/Central Regional Meeting . May 1984 , Kalamazoo, MI.
  • Bauer , B.J. , Topp , A. , Prosa , T.J. , Amis , E.J. , Yin , R. , Qin , D. and Tomalia , D.A. 1997 . Polym. Materials Sci. Eng. (ACS) , 77 : 87 – 88 .
  • Padias , A.B. and HKH Jr. 1987 . J. Org. Chem. , 52 : 5305 – 5312 .
  • de Gennes , P.G. and Hervet , H. 1983 . J. Physique Lett. , 44 : 351 – 360 .
  • Meltzer , A.D. , Tirrell , D.A. , Jones , A.A. , Inglefield , P.T. , Tomalia , D.A. and Hedstrand , D.M. 1992 . Macromolecules , 25 : 4541 – 4548 .
  • Balogh , L. and Tomalia , D.A. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 : 7355 – 7356 .
  • Mullis , K.B. and Faloona , F.A. 1987 . Methods Enzymol. , 155 : 335
  • Zimmerman , S.C. , Zeng , F. , Reichert , E.C. and Kolotuchin , S.V. 1996 . Science , 271 : 1095 – 1098 .
  • Conn , M. and Rebek , J. Jr. 1997 . Chem. Rev. , 97 : 1647 – 1668 .
  • Balzani , V. , Denti , G. , Serroni , S. , Campagna , S. , Ricevuto , V. and Juris , A. 1993 . Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Chem. Sci. , 105 : 421 – 434 .
  • Balzani , V. , Campagna , S. , Denti , G. , Juris , A. , Serroni , S. and Venturi , M. 1994 . Coord. Chem. Rev. , 132 : 1 – 13 .
  • Balzani , V. , Campagna , S. , Denti , G. , Juris , A. , Serroni , S. and Venturi , M. 1995 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells , 38 : 159 – 173 .
  • Campagna , S. , Denti , G. , Serroni , S. , Juris , A. , Venturi , M. , Ricevuto , V. and Balzani , V. 1995 . Chem. Eur. J. , 1 : 211 – 221 .
  • Juris , A. , Venturi , M. , Pontoni , L. , Resino , I.R. , Balzani , V. , Serroni , S. , Campagna , S. and Denti , G. 1995 . Can. J. Chem. , : 1875 – 1882 .
  • Serroni , S. , Denti , G. , Campagna , S. , Juris , A. , Ciano , M. and Balzani , V. 1992 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 31 : 1493 – 1495 .
  • Serroni , S. , Campagna , S. , Juris , A. , Venturi , M. and Balzani , V. 1994 . Gazz. Chim. Ital. , 124 : 423 – 428 .
  • Achar , S. and Puddephatt , R.J. 1994 . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , : 1895 – 1896 .
  • Achar , S. and Puddephatt , R.J. 1994 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 33 : 847 – 849 .
  • Achar , S. , Vittal , J.J. and Puddephatt , R.J. 1996 . Organometallics , 15 : 43 – 50 .
  • Huck , W.T.S. , van Veggel , F.C.J.M. , Kropman , B.L. , Blank , D.H.A. , Keim , E.G. , Smithers , M.M.A. and Reinhoudt , D.N. 1995 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 117 : 8293 – 8294 .
  • Huck , W.T.S. , van Veggel , F.C.J.M. and Reinhoudt , D.N. 1996 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 35 : 1213 – 1215 .
  • Huck , W.T.S. , Hulst , R. , Timmerman , P. , van Veggel , F.C.J.M. and Reinhoudt , D.N. 1997 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 36 : 1006 – 1008 .
  • Huck , W.T.S. , Van Veggel , F.C.J.M. and Reinhoudt , D.N.J. 1997 . J. Mater Chem. , 7 : 1213 – 1219 .
  • Huck , W.T.S. , Prins , L.J. , Fokkens , R.H. , Nibbering , N.M.M. , van Veggel , F.C.J.M. and Reinhoudt , D.N. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 : 6240 – 6246 .
  • Newkome , G.R. , Yao , Z.Q. , Baker , G.R. and Gupta , V.K. 1985 . J. Org. Chem. , 50 : 2003 – 2004 .
  • Jackson , C.L. , Chanzy , H.D. , Booy , F.P. , Drake , B.J. , Tomalia , D.A. , Baker , B.J. and Amis , E.J. 1998 . Macromolecules , 31 ( 18 ) : 6259 – 6265 .
  • van Hest , J.C.M. 1996 . New Molecular Architectures Based On Dendrimers Eindhoven, , The Netherlands : Eindhoven University . Ph.D. Dissertation
  • Eaton , P.E. and Cole , T.W. 1964 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 86 : 962 – 964 .
  • Eaton , P.E. , Or , Y.S. , Branka , S.J. and Shanker , B.K.R. 1986 . Tetrahedron , 42 : 1621
  • Paquette , L.A. , Ternansky , R.J. , Balogh , D.W. and Krentgen , G. 1983 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 105 : 5446
  • Cram , D.J. 1983 . Science , 219 : 1177
  • Cram , D.J. and Cram , J.M. 1994 . Container Molecules and Their Guests Cambridge, , UK : The Royal Society of Chemistry .
  • Curl , R.F. and Smalley , R.E. 1988 . Science , 242 : 1017 – 1022 .
  • Balogh , L. , Swanson , D.R. , Spindler , R. and Tomalia , D.A. 1997 . Poly. Mater Sci. Eng. (ACS) , 77 : 118 – 119 .
  • Zhao , M. , Sun , L. and Crooks , R.M. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 ( 19 ) : 4877 – 4878 .
  • Beck Tan , N.C. , Balogh , L. , Trevino , S.F. , Tomalia , D.A. and Lin , J.S. 1999 . Polymer , 40 : 2537 – 2545 .
  • Balogh , L. , Valluzzi , R. , Laverdure , K.S. , Gido , S.P. , Hagnauer , G.L. and Tomalia , D.A. 1999 . J. Nanoparticle Res. , 00 : 1 – 16 .
  • Jansen , J.F.G.A. , de Brabander-van den berg , E.M.M. and Meijer , E.W. 1994 . Science , 266 : 1226 – 1229 .
  • Jansen , J.F.G.A. , Meijer , E.W. and de Brabander-van den Berg , E.M.M. 1995 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 117 : 4417 – 4418 .
  • de Brabander-van den Berg , E.M.M. , Nijenhuis , A. , Mure , M. , Keuien , J. , Reintjens , R. , Vandenbooren , F. , Bosman , B. , De Raat , R. , Frijns , T. and Wal , S. 1994 . Macromol. Symposia , 77 : 51 – 62 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Baker , H. , Dewald , J. , Hall , M. , Kallos , G. , Martin , S. , Roeck , J. , Ryder , J. and Smith , P. 1986 . Macromolecules , 19 : 2466 – 2468 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Hall , M. and Hedstrand , D.M. 1987 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 109 : 1601 – 1603 .
  • Denkewalter , R.G. , Kole , J.F. and Lukasavage , W.J. US Patent 4,410,688 . 1983 .
  • Denkewalter , R.G. , Kole , J.F. and Lukasavage , W.J. 1984 . Chem. Abstr. , 100 : 103907
  • Aharoni , S.M. , Crosby , C.R. III. and Walsh , E.K. 1982 . Macromolecules , 15 : 1093 – 1098 .
  • Aharoni , S.M. and Murthym , N.S. 1983 . Polym. Commun. , 24 : 132
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Berry , V. , Hall , M. and Hedstrand , D.M. 1987 . Macromolecules , 20 : 1164 – 1167 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Hedstrand , D.M. , Wilson , L.R. and Downing , D.M. 1989 . “ Starburst dendrimers: size, shape, and surface control of macromolecules ” . In Frontiers of Macromolecular Science, 32nd IUPAC Proceedings Edited by: Saegusa , T. , Higashimura , T. and Abe , A. 207 – 212 . Blackwell Publications .
  • Naylor , A.M. , Goddard , W.A. III. , Kiefer , G.E. and Tomalia , D.A. 1989 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 111 : 2339 – 2341 .
  • Newkome , G.R. , Moorfield , C.N. , Baker , G.R. , Johnson , A.L. and Behera , R.K. 1991 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 30 ( 9 ) : 1176 – 1180 .
  • Moreno-Bondi , M.C. , Orellana , G. , Turro , N.J. and Tomalia , D.A. 1990 . Macromolecules , 23 : 910 – 912 .
  • Turro , N.J. , Barton , J.K. and Tomalia , D.A. 1991 . Acc. Chem. Res. , 24 ( 11 ) : 332 – 340 .
  • Gopidas , K.R. , Leheny , A.R. , Caminati , G. , Turro , N.J. and Tomalia , D.A. 1991 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 113 : 7335 – 7342 .
  • Watkins , D. , Sayed-Sweet , Y. , Klimash , J.W. , Turro , N.J. and Tomalia , D.A. 1997 . Langmuir , 13 : 3136 – 3141 .
  • Hedstrand , D.M. , Helmer , B.J. and Tomalia , D.A. US Patent 5,560,929 . 1996 .
  • Sayed-Sweet , Y. , Hedstrand , D.M. , Spindler , R. and Tomalia , D.A. 1997 . J. Mater Chem. , 7 ( 7 ) : 1199 – 1205 .
  • Stevelmans , S. , van Hest , J.C.M. , Jansen , J.F.G.A. , van Boxtel , D.A.F.J. , de Brabander-van den Berg , E.M.M. and Meijer , E.W. 1996 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 118 : 7398 – 7399 .
  • Cooper , A.I. , Londono , J.D. , Wignall , G. , McClain , J.B. , Samulski , E.T. , Lin , J.S. , Dobrynin , A. , Rubinstein , M. , Burke , A.L.C. , Fréchet , J.M.J. and DeSimone , J.M. 1997 . Nature , 389 September 25 : 368 – 371 .
  • Yin , R. , Zhu , Y. and Tomalia , D.A. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 : 2678 – 2679 .
  • Amabilino , D.B. , Ashton , P.R. , Belohradsky , M. , Raymo , F.M. and Stoddart , J.F. 1995 . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , : 751 – 753 .
  • Amabilino , D.B. , Ashton , P.R. , Balzani , V. , Brown , C.L. , Credi , A. , Fréchet , J.M.J. , Leon , J.W. , Raymo , F.M. , Spencer , N. , Stoddart , J.F. and Venturi , M. 1996 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 118 : 12012 – 12020 .
  • Menger , F.M. and Littau , C.A. 1993 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 115 : 10083 – 10090 .
  • 1981 . “ Anionic surfactants ” . In Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Action , Surfactant Series Vol. 11 , New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
  • Buckingham , S. , Garvey , C. and Warr , G. 1993 . J. Phys. Chem. , 97 : 10236 – 10244 .
  • Israelachvili , J. , Mitchell , D. and Ninham , B. 1976 . J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. II , 72 : 1525
  • Friberg , S.E. , Podzimek , M. , Tomalia , D.A. and Hedstrand , D.M. 1988 . Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. , 164 : 157 – 165 .
  • Smith , H. and Tomalia , D.A. US Patent 5,331,100 . 1994 .
  • Chapman , T. , Hillyer , G. , Mahan , E. and Shaffer , K. 1994 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 116 : 11195 – 11196 .
  • Gitsov , I. , Wooley , K.L. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1992 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. , 31 ( 9 ) : 1200 – 1202 .
  • Gitsov , I. , Wooley , K.L. , Hawker , C.J. , Ivanova , P.T. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1993 . Macromolecules , 26 : 5621 – 5627 .
  • Hawker , C.J. , Wooley , K.L. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1993 . J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , : 1287 – 1297 .
  • Wooley , K.L. , Hawker , C.J. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1993 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 115 : 11496 – 11505 .
  • Israelachvili , J.N. , Mitchell , D. and Ninham , B. 1977 . Biophys. Acta , 470 : 158
  • Israelachvili , J.N. , Marcelja , S. and Horn , R. 1980 . Rev. Biophys. , 13 : 121
  • Newkome , G.R. , Baker , G.R. , Arai , S. , Saunders , M.J. , Russo , P.S. , Theriot , K.J. , Moorefield , C.N. , Rogers , L.E. , Miller , J.E. , Lieux , T.R. , Murray , M.E. , Philips , B. and Pascal , L. 1990 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 112 : 8458 – 8465 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. and Kirchoff , P. US Patent 4,694,064 . 1987 .
  • Neubert , I. , Amoulong-Kirstein , E. and Schluter , A.-D. 1996 . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 17 : 517 – 527 .
  • Neubert , I. , Klopsch , R. , Claussen , W. and Schluter , A.-D. 1996 . Acta Polymer. , 47 : 455 – 459 .
  • Karakaya , B. , Claussen , W. , Gessler , K. , Saenger , W. and Schluter , A.-D. 1997 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 119 : 3296 – 3301 .
  • Stocker , W. , Karakaya , B. , Schurmann , L.B. , Rabe , P.J. and Schluter , A.-D. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 : 7691 – 7695 .
  • Fréchet , J.M.J. and Gitsov , I. 1995 . Macromol. Symp. , 98 : 441 – 465 .
  • Johansson , G. , Percec , V. , Ungar , G. and Zhou , J.P. 1996 . Macromolecules , 29 : 646 – 660 .
  • Percec , V. , Schlueter , D. , Ronda , J.C. , Johansson , G. , Ungar , G. and Zhou , J.P. 1996 . Macromolecules , 29 : 1464 – 1472 .
  • Percec , V. and Schlueter , D. 1997 . Macromolecules , 30 : 5783 – 5790 .
  • Bauer , S. , Fischer , H. and Ringsdorf , H. 1993 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 32 : 1589
  • Percec , V. , Chu , P. , Johansson , G. , Schlueter , D. , Ronda , J.C. and Ungar , G. 1996 . Polym. Prepr. , 37 : 68
  • Percec , V. and Kawasumi , M. 1992 . Macromolecules , 25 : 3843
  • Percec , V. , Chu , P. and Kawasumi , M. 1994 . Macromolecules , 27 : 4441
  • Percec , V. , Chu , P. , Ungar , G. and Zhou , J. 1995 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 117 : 11441
  • Percec , V. , Johansson , G. , Ungar , G. and Zhou , J.P. 1996 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 118 : 9855 – 9866 .
  • Hudson , S.D. , Jung , H.-T. , Percec , V. , Cho , W.-D. , Johansson , G. , Ungar , G. and Balagurusamy , V.S.K. 1997 . Science , 278 : 449 – 452 .
  • Cameron , J.H. , Facher , A. , Lattermann , G. and Diele , S. 1997 . Adv. Mater. , 9 ( 5 ) : 398 – 403 .
  • Percec , V. , Ahn , C.-H. , Ungar , G. , Yeardly , D.J.P. and Moller , M. 1998 . Nature , 391 : 161 – 164 .
  • Gasper , D.L.D. 1980 . Biophys. J. , 32 : 103 – 138 .
  • Watson , J.D. 1976 . Molecular Biology of the Gene Menlo Park, CA : W.A. Benjamin .
  • Levine , A.J. 1992 . Viruses New York : W.H. Freeman .
  • Percec , V. , Ahn , C.-H. , Cho , W.-D. , Johansson , G. and Schlueter , D. 1997 . Macromol. Symp. , 118 : 33 – 43 .
  • Percec , V. , Ahn , C.-H. and Barboiu , B. 1997 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 119 : 12978 – 12979 .
  • Kiessling , L.L. and Pohl , N.L. 1996 . Chem. Biol. , 3 : 71 – 77 .
  • Mammen , M. , Choi , S.K. and Whitesides , G.M. 1998 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. , 37 : 2754 – 2794 .
  • Choi , S.K. , Mammen , M. and Whitesides , M. 1996 . Chem. Biol. , 3 : 97 – 104 .
  • Mortell , K.H. , Gingras , M. and Kiessling , L.L. 1994 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 116 : 12053 – 12054 .
  • Fraser , C. and Grubbs , R.H. 1995 . Macromolecules , 28 : 7248 – 7255 .
  • Mortell , K.H. , Weatherman , R.V. and Kiessling , L.L. 1996 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 118 : 2297 – 2298 .
  • Roy , R. 1993 . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm. , : 1869 – 1872 .
  • Roy , R. , Park , W.K.C. , Wu , Q. and Wany , S.N. 1995 . Tetrahedron , 36 : 4377 – 4380 .
  • Roy , R. 1996 . Polym. News , 21 ( 7 ) : 226 – 232 .
  • Reuter , J.D. , Myc , A. , Hayes , M.M. , Gan , Z. , Roy , R. , Qin , D. , Yin , R. , Piehler , L.T. , Esfand , R. , Tomalia , D.A. and Baker , J. 1999 . J. R. Bioconjugate Chem. , 10 ( 2 ) : 271 – 278 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Hedstrand , D.M. and Ferritto , M.S. 1991 . Macromolecules , 24 : 1435 – 1438 .
  • Saville , P.M. , White , J.W , Hawker , C.J. , Wooley , K.L. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1993 . J. Phys. Chem. , 97 : 293 – 294 .
  • Saville , P.M. , Reynolds , P.A. , White , J.W. , Hawker , C.J. , Fréchet , J.M.J. , Wooley , K.L. , Pemford , J. and Webster , J.R.P. 1995 . J. Phys. Chem. , 99 : 8283 – 8289 .
  • Kampf , J.P. , Frank , C.W. , Malmstrom , E.E. and Hawker , C.J. 1999 . Langmuir , 15 : 227 – 233 .
  • Kampf , J.P. , Frank , C.W. , Malmstrom , E.E. and Hawker , C.J. 1999 . Science , 282 : 1730 – 1733 .
  • Schenning , A.P.H.J. , Ellisen-Roman , C. , Weener , J.-W. , Baars , M.W.P.L. , van der Gast , S.J. and Meier , E.J. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 : 8199 – 8208 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. and Killat , G. US Patent 4,871,779 . 1989 .
  • Mansfield , M.L. 1996 . Polymer , 37 : 3835 – 3841 .
  • Watanabe , S. and Regen , S.L. 1994 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 116 : 8855 – 8856 .
  • Zhao , M. , Tokuhisa , H. and Crooks , R.M. 1997 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 36 : 2596 – 2598 .
  • Hierlemann , A. , Campbell , J.K. , Baker , L.A. , Crooks , R.M. and Ricco , A.J. 1998 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120 : 5323 – 5324 .
  • Tsukruk , V.V. , Rinderspacher , F. and Bliznyuk , V.N. 1997 . Langmuir , 13 : 2171 – 2176 .
  • Tsukruk , V.V. 1998 . Adv. Mater. , 10 : 253 – 257 .
  • Bliznyuk , V.N. , Rinderspacher , F. and Tsukruk , V.V. 1998 . Polymer , 39 : 5249 – 5252 .
  • Fréchet , J.M.J. and Emrick , T. 1999 . Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. , : 4
  • Tully , D.C. , Trimble , A.R. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1999 . Polym. Prepr. (ACS) , 40 ( 1 ) : 402 – 403 .
  • Tomioka , N. , Takasu , D. , Takahashi , T. and Aida , T. 1998 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 37 ( 11 ) : 1531 – 1534 .
  • Miller , L.L. , Duan , R.G. , Tulley , D.C. and Tomalia , D.A. 1997 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 119 ( 5 ) : 1005 – 1010 .
  • Wang , F. , Rauh , R.D. and Rose , T.L. 1997 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 119 : 11106 – 11107 .
  • Galileo , G. 1967 . Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Bohr , N. 1922 . Nobel Laureate Lecture ,
  • Martin , T. , Obst , U. and Rebek , J. Jr. 1998 . Science , 281 ( September 18 ) : 1842 – 1845 .
  • Camps , X. , Schonberger , H. and Hirsch , A. 1997 . Chem. Eur. J. , 3 ( 4 ) : 561 – 567 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. and Dvornic , P.R. 1996 . “ Dendritic polymers, divergent synthesis (starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers) ” . In Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia Edited by: Salamone , J.C. Vol. 3 (D-E) , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Topp , A. , Bauer , B.J. , Tomalia , D.A. and Amis , E.J. 1999 . Macromolecules , 32 : 7232 – 7237 .
  • Topp , A. , Bauer , B.J. , Klimash , J.W. , Spindler , R. , Tomalia , D.A. and Amis , E.J. 1999 . Macromolecules , 32 : 7226 – 7231 .
  • Mansfield , M.L. , Rakesh , L. and Tomalia , D.A. 1996 . J. Chem. Phys. , 105 ( 8 ) : 3245 – 3249 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. , Uppuluri , S. , Swanson , D.R. , Brothers , H.M. II. , Piehler , L.T. , Li , J. , Meier , D.J. , Hagnauer , G.L. and Balogh , L. 1998 . Dendritic Macromolecules: A Fourth Major Class of Polymer Architecture—New Properties Driven by Architecture Boston : Materials Research Society .
  • Uppuluri , S. and Tomalia , D.A. Adv. Matrls. , in press
  • Uppuluri , S. , Keinath , S.E. , Tomalia , D.A. and Dvomic , P.R. 1998 . Macromolecules , 31 : 4498 – 4510 .
  • Tomalia , D.A. Dendrimers: nanoscopic modules for the construction of higher ordered complexity . Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Modular Chemistry . Modular Chemistry , Edited by: Michl , J. pp. 183 – 191 . The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Dvomic , P.R. and Tomalia , D.A. 1994 . Macromol. Symp. , 88 : 123 – 148 .
  • Guan , Z. , Cutts , P.M. , McCord , E.F. and McLain , S.J. 1999 . Science , 283 : 2059 – 2062 .
  • Singh , P. 1998 . Bioconjugate Chem. , 9 : 54 – 63 .
  • Bielinska , A. , Kukowska-Latallo , J.F. , Johnson , J. , Tomalia , D.A. and Baker , J. Jr. 1996 . Nucleic Acids Res. , 24 ( 11 ) : 2176 – 2182 .
  • Kukowska-Latallo , J.F. , Bielinska , A.U. , Johnson , J. , Spindler , R. , Tomalia , D.A. and Baker , J. Jr. 1996 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 93 : 4897 – 4902 .
  • Wiener , E.C. , Brechbiel , M.W. , Brothers , H. , Magin , R.L. , Gansow , O.A. , Tomalia , D.A. and Lauterbur , P.C. 1994 . Magnetic Resonance Medicine , 31 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
  • Wilbur , D.S. , Pathare , P.M. , Hamlin , D.K. , Buhler , K.R. and Vesella , R.L. 1998 . Bioconjugate , 9 : 813 – 825 .
  • Duncan , R. 1999 . Polym. Prepr. (ACS) , 40 ( 1 ) : 285 – 286 .
  • Soloway , A.H. , Tjarks , W. , Barnum , B.A. , Rong , F.-G. , Barth , R.F. , Codogni , I.M. and Wilson , J.G. 1998 . Chem. Rev. , 98 : 1515 – 1562 .
  • Bierniaz , C. 1998 . “ Dendrimers: applications to pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry ” . In Encycl. of Pharm. Tech. Vol. 18. , New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
  • Tomalia , D.A. and Brothers , H.M. II. 1998 . “ Regiospecific conjugation to dendritic polymers to produce nanodevices ” . In Biological Molecules in Nanotechnology: Convergence of Biotechnology Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science Edited by: Lee , S.C. and Savage , L.M. Vol. 1927 , Southborough, MA : IBC .
  • Hennes , M.E. 1996 . Enough for One Lifetime: Wallace Carothers Inventor of Nylon American Chemical Society and Chemical Heritage Foundation .
  • Zimmerman , N. , Moore , J.S. and Zimmerman , S.C. 1998 . Chem. Industry , : 604 – 610 .
  • Freemantle , M. 1999 . Chem. Eng. News (November 1) , 77 : 27 – 35 .
  • Ritter , S.K. 1999 . Chem. Eng. News (November 8) , 77 : 30 – 35 .
  • Kawa , M. and Fréchet , J.M.J. 1998 . Chem. Mater. , 10 : 286 – 296 .
  • Froehling , P.E. and Linssen , H.A.J. 1998 . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 199 : 1691 – 1695 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.