Alternate Transition Metal Complex Based Diene Polymerization

References

• Taube , R. , Windisch , H. and Maiwald , S. 1995 . The catalysts of the stereospecific butadiene polymerization by allyl nickel and allyl lanthanide complexes—a mechanistic comparison . Macromol. Symp. , 89 : 393 – 409 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Porri , L. and Giarrusso , A. 1995 . Influence of monomer structure on chemo- and stereoselectivity of 1,3-diene polymerization . Macromol. Symp. , 89 : 383 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Tobisch , S. , Bögel , H. and Taube , R. 1996 . Mechanistic studies of the 1,4-cis-polymerization of butadiene according to the π-allyl insertion mechanism. 1. Density functional study of the C–C bond formation reaction in cationic η3-Allyl(η2-/η4-butadiene)nickel(II) complexes [Ni(C3H5)(C4H6)]+ and [Ni(C3H5)(C4H6)(C2H4)]+ . Organometallics , 15 : 3563 – 3571 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobisch , S. and Taube , R. 1999 . Density functional (DFT) study of the anti-syn isomerization of the butenyl group in cationic and neutral (butenyl)(butadiene) (monoligand)nickel(II) complexes . Organometallics , 18 : 3045 – 3060 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobisch , S. and Taube , R. 1999 . Mechanistic studies of the 1,4-polymerization of butadiene according to the π-allyl insertion mechanism. 3. Density functional study of the C–C bond formation reaction in cationic “ligand free” (η3:η2-heptadienyl)(η2-/η4-butadiene)nickel(II) complexes [Ni(C7H11)(C4H6)]+ . Organometallics , 18 : 5204 – 5218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porri , L. , Giarrusso , A. and Ricci , G. 1991 . Recent views on the mechanism of diolefin polymerization with transition metal initiator systems . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 16 : 404 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele , K.-H. 1976 . Untersuchungen über Benzylübergangsmetallverbindungen zur Wirkungsweise des Katalysatorsystems Titantetrabenzyl/Aluminumhalogenid bei der Polymerisation von Olefinen Vol. 35 , 29 – 39 . Pardubice, ČSSR : Scientific Papers,University of Chemical Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Bosisio , C. and Porri , L. 1996 . Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene and styrene with catalyst systems based on bis-cyclopentadienyl derivatives of titanium . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 17 : 781 – 785 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. and Porri , L. 1997 . Copolymerization of 1,3-dienes with CpTiCl3-MAO. Some cases in which the mode of monomer coordination affects the copolymer structure . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 198 : 3647 – 3655 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peluso , A. , Improta , R. and Zambelli , A. 1997 . Mechanism of isoprene and butadiene polymerization in the presence of CpTiCl3-MAO initiator: a theoretical study . Macromolecules , 30 ( 8 ) : 2219 – 2227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zambelli , A. , Caprio , M. , Grassi , A. and Bowen , D.E. 2000 . Structural characterization of novel styrene–butadiene block copolymers containing syndiotactic styrene homosequences . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 201 : 393 – 400 .
   Google Scholar
• Gippin , M. 1965 . Stereoregular polymerization of butadiene with alkylaluminum chlorides and cobalt octanoate . Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Develop. , 4 ( 3 ) : 160 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Matsuzaki , K. and Yasukawa , T. 1967 . Mechanism of stereoregular polymerization of butadiene by homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. I. Effects of the species of transition metals . J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Chem. Ed. , 5 ( 3 ) : 511 – 520 .
   Google Scholar
• Matsuzaki , K. and Yasukawa , T. 1967 . Mechanism of stereoregular polymerization of butadiene by homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. II. Effects of the nature of bases and halogens . J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Chem. Ed. , 5 ( 3 ) : 521 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Matsuzaki , K. and Yasukawa , T. 1965 . Reaction between tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt and diethylaluminum chloride, and polymerization of butadiene by the complex . J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Chem. Ed. , 3 ( 5 ) : 393 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , H. , Schleimer , B. and Winter , H. 1967 . Stereoregulated homo- and copolymerization of butadiene . Makromol. Chem. , 101 : 320 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , K.K. and Hsu , C.C. 1981 . Polymerization of butadiene with cobalt acetylacetonate/ aluminum alkyl catalyst . Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. , 20 ( 4 ) : 624 – 628 .
   Google Scholar
• Leitz , P. Cobalt Containing Catalyst System . Eur. Patent 0,823,441 B1 . September 12, 2001 (Priority: August 05, 1996) . Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Chem. Abstr. 1998, 128, 155341
   Google Scholar
• Odar , J. Polymerization Process for cis-1,4-Polybutadiene Using Aliphatic Solvents and an Aromatic Polymerization Regulator . US Patent 4,314,045 . February 2, 1982 (Priority: June 12, 1980) . The B. F. Goodrich Company, Chem. Abstr. 1982, 96, 105601
   Google Scholar
• Odar , J. Process for Producing Substantially Gel-Free High-Cis-1,4-Polybutadiene . US Patent 4,303,769 . December 01, 1981 (Priority: August 08, 1981) . The B. F. Goodrich Company, Chem. Abstr., 1982, 96, 53577
   Google Scholar
• Upadhyay , V.K. and Sivaram , S. 1987 . Solvent effects in the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate/diethylaluminum chloride catalyst . Ind. J. Techn. , 25 ( 12 ) : 669 – 673 .
   Google Scholar
• Sivaram , S. and Upadhyay , V.K. 1992 . Synthesis of high-cis-polybutadiene using cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate modified triethylaluminum catalyst . Macromol. Reports , A29 : 13 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Gehrke , K. and Harwart , M. 1993 . Effect of chain-transfer agents on the homo- and copolymerization of butadiene and styrene with Ziegler-Natta catalyst system Co(acac)3/AlEt2Cl/H2O . Plaste und Kautschuk , 40 ( 12 ) : 414 – 415 .
   Google Scholar
• Weber and Osman , A. Gel Reduction in High-Cis-1,4-Polybutadiene Production Process. , International Publication WO 00/14130 . March 16, 2000, (Priority: September 04, 1998) Bayer Inc., Chem. Abstr., 2000, 132, 208307
   Google Scholar
• Inoue , T. , Nakajima , T. , Muraoka , K. and Yagi , N. Modified Diene Elastomer and its Preparation. . Patent Application EP 1,022,291 A1 . July 26, 2000, (Priority: January 22, 1999) . Ube Industries, Ltd. Eur., Chem. Abstr., 2000, 133, 106124
   Google Scholar
• Van der Huizen , A. , Potlet , J.-M. , Sabatier , A. and Le Roy , P. Catalyst Systems for High-Cis-Polybutadiene , International Publication WO 02/30997 A2 . April 18, 2002, (Priority: October 12, 2000) The Dow Chemical Company., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 136, 310302
   Google Scholar
• Proß , A. , Marquardt , P. and Reichert , K.-H. 1993 . Modelling the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene in solution with a neodymium catalyst . Angew. Makromol. Chem. , 211 ( 3667 ) : 89 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Quirk , R.P. and Kells , A.M. 2000 . Polymerization of butadiene using neodymium versatate-based catalyst systems: preformed catalysts with SiCl4 as halide source . Polym. Int. , 49 : 751 – 756 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirk , R.P. , Kells , A.M. , Yunlu , K. and Cuif , J.-P. 2000 . Butadiene polymerization using neodymium versatate-based catalysts: catalyst optimization and effects of water and excess versatic acid . Polymer , 41 : 5903 – 5908 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , Q. , Shen , Z. and Li , W. 2002 . Copolymerization of butadiene and styrene with a neodymium naphthenate based catalyst . Eur. Polymer J. , 38 : 869 – 873 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friebe , L. , Nuyken , O. , Windisch , H. and Obrecht , W. 2002 . Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene initiated by neodymium versatate/diisobutylaluminum hydride/ ethylaluminum sesquichloride: kinetics and conclusions about the reaction mechanism . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 202 : 1055 – 1064 .
   Google Scholar
• Jang , Y.C. , Kim , A.J. , Kwag , G.H. and Lee , S.H. Process for Preparation of High 1,4-Cis-Polybutadiene . US Patent 6,451,934 B1 . September 17, 2002, (Priority: June 17, 1999) . Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 698981
   Google Scholar
• Knauf , T. , Naunheim , J.-W. and Wiemann , K. Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elastomeren , International Publication WO 02/062860 A1 . August 15, 2002, (Priority: February 07, 2001) Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 137, 126268
   Google Scholar
• Schleimer , B. and Weber , H. 1971 . Kurzkettige, lineare Polybutadiene . Angew. Makromol. Chem. , 16/17 ( 195 ) : 253 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Duck , E.W. , Jenkins , D.K. , Grieve , D.P. and Thornber , M.N. 1971 . High cis-1,4 polybutadiene-II. The effect of impurities and additives on the catalyst system nickel diisopropylsalicylate/boron trifluride etherate/lithium butyl . Eur. Polymer J. , 7 : 55 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , H. 1971 . Organometallic compounds as catalysts in stereorubber manufacturing . Fortschr. Chem. Forsch. , 16 ( 3–4 ) : 329 – 363 .
   Google Scholar
• Jang , Y.-C. , Kim , P.-S. , Kwag , G.-H. , Kim , A.-J. and Lee , S.-H. Process for Controlling Degree of Branch of High 1,4-cis-Polybutadiene . US Patent Publication US 2002/00,16,423 A1 . February 07, 2002, (Priority: June 07, 1999) . Davidson, Davidson & Kappel, LLC., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 136, 152484
   Google Scholar
• Dietze , M. and Edel , H. Manufacture of Polybutadiene with Controlled Molecular Weight and High 1,4-cis-Configuration Content . German (Former GDR) Laid-Open Patent Application DD 278,475 A3 . May 09, 1990, (Priority: September 19, 1988) . VEB Chemische Werke Buna., Chem. Abstr. 1991, 114, 25642
   Google Scholar
• Taube , R. , Edel , H. , Neupert , H.-J. and Naundorf , D. Catalysts for the Polymerization of Butadiene for a High cis-1,4-Content . German (Former GDR) Laid-Open Patent Application DD 265,150A1 . February 22, 1989, (Priority: September 28, 1987) . VEB Chemische Werke Buna, Chem. Abstr. 1989, 111, 98791
   Google Scholar
• Gehrke , K. , Desem , M. and Boruttau , M. 1997 . Nickel-katalysierte Homopolymerisation von Butadien und Copolymerisation Butadien-Styrol . Elastomere und Kunststoffe , 10 : 723 – 727 .
   Google Scholar
• Binder , J.L. 1954 . Microstructures of polybutadienes and butadiene–styrene copolymers . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 46 : 1727 – 1730 .
   Google Scholar
• Morton , Avery A . 1957 . “ Alfin reagent ” . In Advances in Catalysis Edited by: Farkas , A. Vol. 9 , 743 New York : Academic Press Inc. . Chem. Abstr. 1957, 51, 88622
   Google Scholar
• Morton , Avery A . 1950 . Alfin catalysts and the polymerization of butadiene . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 42 : 1488 – 1496 .
   Google Scholar
• Strictly defined, metallocene complexes are organometallic compounds wherein the metal center is bonded in a planar or bent mode to two η5-coordinated cyclopentadienyl ring systems. Mono-cyclopentadienyl metal complexes and even soluble metal compounds without aromatic η5-coordinated ring systems are often incorrectly referred to with the expression “metallocene.”
   Google Scholar
• Tsukahara , K. and Ikai , S. Catalyst and Process for Producing Conjugated Diene Polymer . Patent Application EP 0,778,291 A1 . June 11, 1997, (Priority: December 08, 1995) . Ube Industries, Ltd. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1997, 127, 95728
   Google Scholar
• Wada , T. and Akahorl , K. Impact-Resistant Polystyrene Resin Composition . Patent Application EP 0,841,375A1 . May 13, 1998, (Priority: November 12, 1996) . Ube Industries. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1998, 129, 5249
   Google Scholar
• Dauben , M. and Kaminsky , W. Novel Catalyst Systems, the Use Thereof in the Polymerization of Dienes in a Solution, Suspension and Vapor Phase and the Use of Diene Rubbers Produced Therewith , International Publication WO 98/36004 . August 20, 1998, (Priority: February 17, 1997) Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 1998, 129, 204072
   Google Scholar
• Engehausen , R. and Kaminsky , W. Titanocene für Lösungspolymerisation . German Laid-Open Patent Application DE 19,706,027 A1 . August 20, 1998, (Priority: February 17, 1997) . Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 1998, 129, 204072
   Google Scholar
• Asakura , Y. , Wada , T. and Suzuki , M. Impact-Resistant Polystyrene Resin Composition . US Patent 5,981,667 . November 09, 1999, (Priority: November 09, 1999) . Ube Industries, Ltd., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 131, 337822
   Google Scholar
• Tsujimoto , N. , Maeda , K. , Murakami , M. , Suzuki , M. , Iwamoto , Y. , Yuase , S. , Bandai , S. , Hosoyama , Y. and Hisano , N. Polymerization Catalyst, Process for the Preparation of Conjugated Diene Polymer in the Presence Thereof and Polybutadiene thus Prepared . Patent Application 0,919,574 A1 . June 02, 1999, (Priority: November 25, 1997) . Ube Industries, Ltd. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 131, 6429
   Google Scholar
• Balducci , A. , Porri , L. and Choubine , N. Catalytic Complexes Based on Lanthanides for the Copolymerization of Conjugated Dienes . Patent 0,919,573 B1 . January 29, 2003, (Priority: November 27, 1997) . Enichem S.p.A. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 313, 5700
   Google Scholar
• Kaminsky , W. and Scholz , V. Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Dienen mittels chlorierter Titanverbindungen . German Patent Publication DE 19,835,785 A1 . February 17, 2000, (Priority 07.08.98) . Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 2000, 132, 153167
   Google Scholar
• Windisch , H. , Obrecht , W. and Steinhauser , N. Method for Polymerizing Conjugated Diolefins (Dienes) with Catalysts Based on Vanadium Compounds in the Presence of Vinylaromatic Solvents , International Publication WO 00/04063 . July 07, 1999, (Priority: July 18, 1998) Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 2000, 132, 123911
   Google Scholar
• Aoki , T. and Kaneshima , T. Olefin Polymerization Catalyst Having a Multidentate Ligand. Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha . Patent Application EP 0,816,386 A2 . December 16, 1998, (Priority: March 23, 1993) . Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1995, 122, 315348
   Google Scholar
• Wünsch , J. and Zeller , E. Propfcopolymere . Patent Application EP 0,903,358 A1 . March 24, 1999, (Priority: September 19, 1997) . BASF AG, Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 130, 252813
   Google Scholar
• Saltman , W.M. and Link , T.H. 1964 . Catalytic species in some alkylaluminum/titanium iodide catalysts for cis-1,4-polybutadiene . Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. , 3 ( 3 ) : 199 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Gippin , M. 1962 . Polymerization of butadiene with alkylaluminum compounds and cobalt chloride . Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. , 1 ( 1 ) : 32 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Ueda , K. and Yoshimoto , T. 1963 . cis-1,4-Polymerization of butadiene with catalysts containing nickel . Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi , 66 : 1103 – 1107 . Chem. Abstr. 1964, 60, 69024
   Google Scholar
• Yang , J. and Hu , J.A. 1980 . Higher active lanthanide chloride catalyst for stereospecific polymerization of conjugated dienes . Sci. Sin., Engl. Ed. , 23 ( 6 ) : 734 – 743 . Chem. Abstr. 1980, 93, 115054
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh , H.L. and Yeh , H.C. 1985 . Polymerization of butadiene and isoprene with lanthanide catalysts; characterization and properties of homopolymers and copolymers . Rubber Chem. Technol. , 58 ( 1 ) : 117 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monakov , Yu.B. , Marina , N.G. , Savele’va , I.G. , Zhiber , L.E. , Kozlov , V.G. and Rafikov , S.R. 1982 . Kinetic parameters of butadiene polymerization on lanthanide-containing catalytic systems . Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR , 265 ( 6 ) : 1431 – 1433 . Chem. Abstr. 1983, 98, 54523
   Google Scholar
• Porri , L. , Ricci , G. and Shubin , N. 1998 . Polymerization of 1,3-dienes with neodymium catalysts . Macromol. Symp. , 128 : 53 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Italia , S. , Comitani , C. and Porri , L. 1991 . Polymerization of conjugated dialkenes with transition metal catalysts. Influence of methylaluminoxane on catalyst activity and stereospecificity . Polym. Commun. , 32 ( 17 ) : 514 – 517 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klepikova , V.I. , Erusalimskii , G.B. , Lobach , M.I. , Churlayeva , L.A. and Kormer , V.A. 1976 . Specific behavior of the propagating macromolecules in bis(η3-crotylnickel iodide)-catalyzed polymerization of butadiene . Macromolecules , 9 ( 2 ) : 214 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oreskhin , I.A. , Chernenko , G.M. , Tinyakova , E.I. and Dolgoplosk , B.A. 1966 . π-Allyl derivatives of chromium and titanium as catalysts for stereospecific polymerization of butadiene . Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR , 169 ( 5 ) : 1102 – 1103 . Chem. Abstr. 1996, 65, 83212
   Google Scholar
• Martin , H.A. and Jellinek , F. 1964 . Allyl bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) and -vanadium(III) . Angew. Chem. , 76 ( 6 ) : 274
   Google Scholar
• Ti , V. , Pattiasina , J.W. and Teuben , J.H. 1984 . Synthesis and characterization of bisbenzyl and bisallyl complexes of titanium(III) and vanadium(III); catalytic isomerization of alkenes with CpV(η3-C3H5)2 . J. Organomet. Chem. , 262 ( 2 ) : 157 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilke , G. Adducts of π-Allyl Compounds of Transition Metals, Lewis Bases, and/or Lewis Acids . German Patent DE 1,793,788 C3 . September 01, 1977, (Priority: November 21, 1974) . Chem. Abstr. 1977, 87, 135956
   Google Scholar
• Dolgoplosk , B.A. , Oreshkin , I.A. , Tinyakova , E.I. and Yakovlev , V.A. 1967 . Stereospecific polymerization of butadiene initiated by transition metal π-allylic derivatives containing some electronegative groups other than halogen . Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya , : 2130 Chem. Abstr. 1967, 67, 109053
   Google Scholar
• Wilke , G. and Bogdanovic , B. 1961 . Bis(π-allyl)nickel . Angew. Chem. , 73 : 756
   Google Scholar
• Lazutkin , A.M. , Vashkevich , V.A. , Medvedev , S.S. and Vasil’eva , V.N. 1967 . Polymerization of butadiene in the presence of π-allylnickel halides . Doklady Akademii Nauk. SSSR , 175 ( 4 ) : 859 – 861 . Chem. Abstr. 1967, 67, 100449
   Google Scholar
• Porri , L. , Natta , G. and Gallazzi , M.C. 1967 . Stereospecific polymerization of butadiene by catalysts prepared from π-allylnickel halides . J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Symposia , 16 : 2525 – 2537 .
   Google Scholar
• Sabirov , Z.M. , Monakov , Yu. B. and Tolstikov , G.A. 1989 . Kinetic stereocontrol of polydiene microstructures during polymerization of neodymium-aluminum bimetallic systems . J. Mol. Catal. , 56 ( 1–3 ) : 194 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Fengfu , L. , Yingtai , J. , Fengkui , P. and Fosong , W. 1991 . Syntheses and characterization of π-allyl-rare earth complexes and studies on the mechanism of olefin polymerization. I. Synthesis and characterization of LiLn(π-C3H5)4·nD . Yingyong Huaxue , 8 ( 5 ) : 81 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Fengfu , L. , Yingtai , J. , Fengkui , P. and Fosong , W. 1994 . Synthesis and characterization of the π-allyl-rare earth complexes and studies on the mechanism of olefin polymerization. III. Studies on the polymerization of isoprene or styrene with LiLn(η 3 -C3H5)4·nD complexes . Gaofenzi Xuebao , 3 : 257 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Taube , R. , Windisch , H. , Maiwald , S. , Hemling , H. and Schumann , H. 1996 . Komplexkatalyse, XLVIII 1. Synthese und Struktur der ersten neutralen Tris(allyl)lanthanoid-Komplexe La(η3-C3H5)3·1.5dioxan und Nd(η3-C3H5)3· dioxan und ihre Eignung als “single site”-Katalysatoren für die stereospezifische Butadienpolymerisation . J. Organomet. Chem. , 513 ( 1–3 ) : 49 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Maiwald , S. , Weissenborn , H. , Windisch , H. , Sommer , C. , Müller , G. and Taube , R. 1997 . Zur Katalyse der stereospezifischen Butadienpolymerisation mit den Katalysatorsystemen aus Nd(η3-C3H5)3·dioxan und Methylaluminoxan (MAO) sowie Hexaisobutylaluminoxan (HIBAO) . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 198 ( 10 ) : 3305 – 3315 .
   Google Scholar
• Balducci , A. , Porri , L. and Coubine , N. Lanthanide-Based Complex Catalysts for Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes . Patent 919,573 B1 . January 29, 2003, (Priority: June 02, 1999) . Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 131, 5700
   Google Scholar
• Barbier-Baudry , D. , Dormond , A. and Desmurs , P. 1999 . Organolanthanides as single component homogeneous catalysts for isoprene-hex-1-ene copolymerization . Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.: IIc , 2 ( 7–8 ) : 375 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Taube , R. , Maiwald , S. and Sieler , J. 2001 . Komplexkatalyse. Vereinfachte Synthese des Nd(π-C3H5)3 C4H8O2 nach der Grignard-Methode und Darstellung der neuen Allylneodymium(III)-Komplexe [Nd(π-C5Me5)(Π-C3H5)2·C4H8O2] und [Nd(π-C5Me5)Cl(THF)5][B(C6H5)4]·THF als Präkatalysatoren für die stereospezifische Butadienpolymerisation . J. Organomet. Chem. , 621 ( 1–2 ) : 327 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Taube , R. , Maiwald , S. and Sommer , C. 2002 . Highly active single-site catalysts for the 1,4-cis-polymerization of butadiene from allylneodymium(III) chlorides and trialkylaluminium-A. Contribution to the activation of tris(allyl)neodymium(III) and the further elucidation of the structure-activity relationship . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 203 ( 7 ) : 1029 – 1039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druz , N. , Zak , A.V. , Lobach , M. , Shpakov , P.P. and Kormer , V.A. 1977 . Investigation of the individual stages of 2-alkylbutadiene polymerization with bis-(π-crotylnickel iodide) . Eur. Polymer J. , 13 ( 11 ) : 875 – 879 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube , R. , Gehrke , J.P. and Schmidt , U. 1986 . On the mechanism of stereoregulation in the allylnickel complex catalyzed butadiene polymerization . Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. , 3 : 389 Chem. Abstr. 1986, 105, 591646
   Google Scholar
• Pellecchia , C. , Proto , A. and Zambelli , A. 1992 . Copolymerization of styrene and isoprene: an insight into the mechanism of syndiospecific styrene polymerization . Macromolecules , 25 : 4450 – 4452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolgoplosk , B.A. , Makovetskii , K.L. , Redkina , L.I. , Soboleva , T.V. , Tinyakova , E.I. and Yakovlev , V.A. 1972 . Anti-syn isomerization of the active center and mechanism of stereoregulation during diene polymerization . Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR , 205 ( 2 ) : 387 Chem. Abstr. 1972, 77, 140604
   Google Scholar
• Makovetskii , K.L. and Red’kina , L.I. 1974 . Role of anti-syn isomerization of an active center in stereoregulation . Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR , 215 ( 6 ) : 1380 – 1381 . Chem. Abstr. 1975, 83, 61116
   Google Scholar
• Tobisch , S. 2002 . Theoretical investigation of the mechanism of cis-trans regulation for the allylnickel(II)-catalyzed 1,4 polymerization of butadiene . Acc. Chem. Res. , 35 : 96 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brune , J.F. 1972 . “ Untersuchungen über die Butadienpolymerisation mit Titantetrabenzyl und Benzyltitanverbindungen enthaltenden Systemen ” . TH : Magdeburg . Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , K.-H. and Brune , J.F. Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularem 1,4-Polybutadien . German (Former GDR) Patent DD 92,315 (WP C08f/154982) . September 05, 1972, (Priority: May 21, 1971) . VEB Chemische Werke Buna, Derwent 1972, 72,622T
   Google Scholar
• Oswald , L. 1974 . “ Beiträge zur Darstellung von Cyclopentadienylvanadium-Verbindungen und deren Verwendung als Katalysatoren zur Koordinationspolymerisation von Butadien ” . TH : Magdeburg . Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , K.-H. , Oswald , L. and Richter , I. Verfahren zur stereoreguären Polymerisation von 1,3-Dienen . German (Former GDR) Patent DD 93,520 . November 05, 1972, 1973, (Priority: November 11, 1969) . VEB Chemische Werke Buna, Chem. Abstr. 1973, 79, 20041
   Google Scholar
• Skupinski , W. and Cieslowska-Glinska , I. Manufacture of Diene Rubbers in the Presence of Cyclopentadienyltitanium Halide Complex Catalysts . Polish Patent PL 143,427 . October 31, 1988, (Priority: October 16, 1984) . Politechnika Warszawska, Chem. Abstr. 1989, 111, 79677
   Google Scholar
• Sinn , H. and Kaminsky , W. 1980 . Ziegler-Natta catalysis . Adv. Organometallic Chem. , 18 : 99 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Kretschmer , W. 1994 . “ Synthese und Eigenschaften von 1,3-Dienkomplexen der Lanthanoide ” . Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg . Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Yasuda , H. and Ihara , E. 1997 . Rare earth metal-initiated living polymerizations of polar and nonpolar monomers . Advances in Polymer Science , Vol. 133 : 53 – 101 . Springer Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , G. , Chen , W. and Wang , Y. 1984 . Stereospecific polymerization of diolefin in the presence of a new type of catalytic system based on cyclopentadienyllanthanide dichlorides . Kexue Tongabo , 29 ( 3 ) : 412 – 422 . Chem. Abstr. 1994, 101, 91491
   Google Scholar
• Cui , L. , Ba , X. , Teng , H. , Laiquiang , Y. , Kechang , L. and Jin , Y. 1998 . Preliminary investigations on polymerization catalysts composed of lanthanocene and methylaluminoxane . Polym. Bull. , 40 : 729 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Z. and Wakatsuki , Y. 1999 . Novel polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene, styrene, and/or butadiene by new organolanthanide-based catalysts . Macromolecules , 32 : 9078 – 9079 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Z. and Wakatsuki , Y. Catalyst Composition . Patent Application EP 1,086,957 A1 . March 28, 2001, (Priority: March 04, 1999) . Riken, Eur., Chem. Abstr. 2000, 135, 289205
   Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Z. and Wakatsuki , Y. Catalyst Composition , International Publication WO 2,000,052,062A1 . September 08, 2000, (Priority: March 04, 1999) Riken, Chem. Abstr. 2000, 133, 223182
   Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Z. and Wakatsuki , Y. Catalyst Composition and Process for Producing Copolymer . Patent Application EP,270,626A1 . January 02, 2003, (Priority: April 07, 2000) . Riken, Eur., Chem. Abstr. 2001, 135, 289205
   Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Z. and Wakatsuki , Y. Catalyst Composition and Process for Producing Copolymer , International Publication WO 2,001,077,199 A1 . October 18, 2001, (Priority: April 07, 2000) Riken, Chem. Abstr. 2001, 135, 289205
   Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Z. and Wakatsuki , Y. Catalyst for Polymerization . Patent Publication US 2002/0,119,889 A1 . August 29, 2002, (Priority: February 28, 2001) . Riken, U.S.Chem. Abstr. 2002, 137, 186006
   Google Scholar
• Taube , R. and Windisch , H. 1993 . Darstellung und Kristallstruktur des Tetra(allyl)lanthanat(III)-Komplexes [Li(μ-C4H8O2)3/2][La(η3-C3H5)4], eines Katalysators für die stereospezifische Butadienpolymerisation . J. Organomet. Chem. , 445 : 85 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , F. , Jin , Y. , Pei , F. and Wang , F. 1994 . Isoprene polymerization with (η3-C3H5)2CeCl5Mg2(tmed)2/alkylaluminum . Pure Appl. Chem. , A31 : 273 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube , R. , Windisch , H. , Hemling , H. and Schuhmann , H. 1998 . Komplexkatalyse, Darstellung und Charakterisierung der bis(η3-allyl)lanthanhalogenid-Komplexe La(η3-allyl)2X·2THF (X = Cl, Br, I) als Präkatalysatoren für die stereospezifische Butadienpolymerization, ein Beitrag zur weiteren Klärung der katalytischen Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehung . J. Organomet. Chem. , 555 : 201 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Rühmer , T. , Giesemann , J. , Schwieger , W. and Schmutzler , K. 1999 . Stereoselektive Butadienpolymerisation an trägerfixierten Allylneodym-Komplexen . Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. , 52 : 420 – 428 .
   Google Scholar
• Giesemann , J. , Maiwald , S. , Ruehmer , T. , Sylvester , G. , Taube , R. and Windisch , H. Gasphasenpolymerization von konjugierten Dienen in Gegenwart von Allylverbindungen der Seltenen Erden . German Laid-Open Patent Application DE 19,512,116 A1 . October 10, 1996, (Priority: April 04, 1995) . Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 1996, 125, 331273
   Google Scholar
• Giesemann , J. , Maiwald , S. , Ruehmer , T. , Sylvester , G. , Taube , R. and Windisch , H. Gas-Phase Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes in the Presence of Rare Earth Allyl Compounds , International Publication WO 96/31,544 . October 10, 1996, (Priority: April 04, 1995) Bayer AG, Chem. Abstr. 1996, 125, 331273
   Google Scholar
• Maiwald , S. , Sylvester , G. , Taube , R. and Windisch , H. Verbindungen der Seltenen Erden und ihre Verwendung als Polymerisationskatalysatoren für ungesättigte Verbindungen . Patent Application EP 878,489 A1 . November 18, 1998, (Priority: May 04, 1998) . Bayer AG, Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1996, 125, 331273a
   Google Scholar
• Murinov , Y.I. and Monakov , Y.B. 1987 . Lanthanide complexes with different ligands used to catalyze diene polymerization . Inorg. Chim. Acta , 140 : 25 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigaeva , N.N. , Usmanov , T.S. , Budtov , V.P. , Spivak , S.I. , Zaikov , G.E. and Monakov , Yu.B. 2003 . The influence of the nature of organoaluminum compound on kinetic heterogeneity of active sites in lanthanide-based diene polymerization . J. Appl. Polymer Sci. , 87 : 358 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbotin , F. , Spitz , R. and Boisson , C. 2001 . Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst based on neodymium for the stereospecific polymerization of butadiene . Makromol. Rapid Commun. , 22 ( 17 ) : 1411 – 1414 .
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , S.K.-H. , Monroy , V.M. , Stoye , H. and Wilson , D.R. Metal complex composition and their use as catalysts to produce polydienes , International Publication WO 03/33,545A1 . April 22, 2003, (Priority: October 10, 2001) Dow Global Technologies Inc
   Google Scholar
• Boisson , C. , Barbotin , F. and Spitz , R. 1999 . Polymerization of butadiene with a new catalyst based on a neodymium amide precursor . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 200 : 1163 – 1166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soga , K. , Asai , M. and Suzuki , Y. Butadiene Polymer, Process for the Preparation of Conjugated Diene Polymers, and Catalyst , International Publication WO 99/29,747 . June 17, 1999, (Priority: December 08, 1997) Japan Chemical Innovation Institute, Chem. Abstr. 1999, 131, 19441
   Google Scholar
• Soga , K. , Asai , M. and Suzuki , Y. Butadiene Polymers and Process for Producing Conjugated Diene Polymers , International Publication WO 99/40,133 . August 12, 1999, (Priority: February 04, 1998) Japan Chemical Innovation Institute, Chem. Abstr. 1999, 131, 131121
   Google Scholar
• Longo , P. , Oliva , A. , Proto , A. and Zambelli , A. 1996 . Low-temperature polymerization of some conjugated diolefins in the presence of group 4 metal catalysts . Gazz. Chim. Ital. , 126 : 377 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , K.-H. , Schöneburg , T. and Brune , F. 1975 . Polymerisation von Butadien-(1,3) mit Tetrabenzyltitan-Verbindungen enthaltenden Systemen . J. prakt. Chem. , 317 : 143
   Google Scholar
• Zambelli , A. , Ammendola , P. and Proto , A. 1989 . Synthesis of syndiotactic poly-1,2-(4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene) . Macromolecules , 22 ( 5 ) : 2126 – 2128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliva , L. , Longo , P. , Grassi , A. , Ammendola , P. and Pellecchia , C. 1990 . Polymerization of 1,3-alkadienes in the presence of Ni- and Ti-based catalytic systems containing methylalumoxane . Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. , 11 : 519 – 524 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Italia , S. and Porri , L. 1994 . Polymerization of (Z)-1,3-pentadiene with CpTiCl3/MAO. Effect of temperature on polymer structure and mechanistic implications . Macromolecules , 27 : 868 – 869 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , R.E. Process for the Preparation of Syndiotactic Vinyl aromatic Polymers . Patent 421,659 B1 . July 10, 1996 (Priority: September 25, 1990) . The Dow Chemical Company, Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1991, 115, 72440
   Google Scholar
• Pellecchia , C. , Longo , P. , Proto , A. and Zambelli , A. 1992 . Novel aluminoxane-free catalysts for syndiotactic-specific polymerization of styrene . Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. , 13 ( 5 ) : 265 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Gillis , D.J. , Tudoret , M.-J. and Baird , M.C. 1993 . Novel arene complexes of titanium(IV), zirconium(IV), and hafnium(IV) . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 115 ( 6 ) : 2543 – 2546 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grassi , A. , Pellecchia , C. , Oliva , L. and Laschi , F. 1995 . A combined NMR and electron spin resonance investigation of the (C5(CH3)5)Ti(CH2C6H5)3/B(C6F5)3 catalytic system active in the syndiospecific styrene polymerization . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 196 ( 4 ) : 1093 – 1100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellechia , C. Half-Metallocene Catalysts: Structure and Polymerization Mechanism for the Preparation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene and Stereoregular Polydienes . Conference on Metallocenes . Baronisa, SA, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Pellecchia , C. , Immirzi , A. , Grassi , A. and Zambelli , A. 1993 . Base-free cationic mono (cyclopentadienyl)zirconium complexes: synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic activity in olefin polymerization . Organometallics , 12 ( 11 ) : 4473 – 4478 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellecchia , C. , Immirzi , A. , Pappalardo , D. and Peluso , A. 1994 . A novel η7-coordination mode of a benzyl ligand in a cationic zirconium complex . Organometallics , 13 ( 10 ) : 3773 – 3774 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellecchia , C. , Immirzi , A. and Zambelli , A. 1994 . Single insertion of propene into a cationic zirconium(IV) complex: isolation and X-ray crystal structure of [(C5Me5)Zr(CH2CHMeCH2Ph)(CH2Ph)][B(CH2Ph)(C6F5)3] . J. Organomet. Chem. , 479 ( 1–2 ) : C9 – C11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Italia , S. , Porri , L. and Giarrusso , A. 1993 . Polymerization of 1,3-dienes with the soluble catalyst system methylaluminoxanes/CpTiCl3. Influence of monomer structure on polymerization stereospecificity . J. Organomet. Chem. , 451 : 67 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman , T.H. and Malanga , M.T. 1997 . Syndiotactic polystyrene polymerization results using a titanium(III) complex, Cp*Ti(OMe)2, and implications to the mechanism of polymerization . Pure Appl. Chem. , A34 : 1921 – 1927 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazawa , A. , Kase , T. and Soga , K. 2000 . Cis-specific living polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by alkyl and alkylsilyl substituted cyclopentadienyltitanium trichlorides with MAO . Macromolecules , 33 : 2796 – 2800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becke , S. , Kahlert , S. , Scholz , J. and Windisch , H. Katalysatorsystem auf Basis von Monoazadien-Metallkomplexen . Patent 0,889,059B1 . February 12, 1999, (Priority: July 02, 1997) . Bayer AG. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 130, 125529
   Google Scholar
• Dauben , M. , Engehausen , R. , Greve , H.H. , Kaminsky , W. , Scholz , V. , Strubel , C. and Struebel , C. Polymerization Catalyst System Based on Monoazadiene Metal Complexes . German Laid-Open Patent Application DE 19,728,126 A1 . January 07, 1999, (Priority: February 17, 1997) . Bayer AG., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 130, 125529
   Google Scholar
• Schaverien , C.J. and Van Der Linden , A.J. Use of Titanium and Zirconium Compounds as Homogeneous Catalysts and Novel Titanium and Zirconium Compounds . Patent 0,606,125 B1 . May 21, 1997, (Priority: January 08, 1993) . Shell Int. Res. Mij BV. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1995, 123, 10195
   Google Scholar
• Van der Linden , A. , Schaverien , C.J. , Meijboom , N. , Ganter , C. and Orpen , A.G. 1995 . Polymerization of α-olefins and butadiene and catalytic cyclotrimerization of 1-alkynes by a new class of group IV catalysts. Control of molecular weight and polymer microstructure via ligand tuning in sterically hindered chelating phenoxide titanium and zirconium species . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 117 : 3008 – 3021 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setterquist , R.A. Catalyst for the Polymerization or Copolymerization of Olefins . German Laid-Open Patent Application DE 2,522,331 . December 04, 1975, (Priority: May 20, 1974) . Du Pont De Nemours & Co. E I., Chem. Abstr. 1976, 84, 90794
   Google Scholar
• Setterquist , R.A. Tetra(neophyl)zirconium . U.S. Patent 4,017,525 . April 12, 1977, (Priority: May 20, 1974) . Du Pont De Nemours & Co. E I., Chem. Abstr.1977, 86, 172176
   Google Scholar
• Longo , P. , Oliva , P. , Proto , A. and Zambelli , A. 1996 . Low-temperature polymerization of some conjugated diolefins in the presence of group 4 metal catalysts . Gazz. Chim. Ital. , 126 ( 6 ) : 377 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Pragliola , S. , Forleza , E. and Longo , P. 2001 . C2-symmetric zirconocenes in the polymerization of conjugated diolefins . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 22 ( 10 ) : 783 – 786 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricce , G. , Panagia , A. and Porri , L. 1996 . Polymerization of 1,3-dienes with catalysts based on mono- and bis-cyclopentadienyl derivatives of vanadium . Polymer , 37 ( 2 ) : 363 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , O. , Fujii , T. , Bandai , S. , Kitamura , T. , Fukunaga , T. and Murakami , M. Method of Producing a Polymer . Patent Application EP 1,249,457 A2 . October 16, 2002, (Priority: April 12, 2001) . Ube Industries, Ltd. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 137, 295363
   Google Scholar
• Nekhaeva , L.A. , Khodzhaeva , V.L. , Kuptsov , S.A. , Frolov , V.M. , Shklyaruk , B.F. , Konovalenko , N.A. , Tikhomirova , I.A. and Antipov , E.M. 2000 . Homo- and copolymers of butadiene, isoprene, and styrene prepared on catalytic systems based on transition metal compounds and aluminoxanes . Vyxokomolekularnye sojedinenija, Serie A , 42 ( 8 ) : 1344 – 1353 . Chem. Abstr. 2001, 134, 281187
   Google Scholar
• Nekhaeva , L.A. , Gavrilenko , I.F. , Rykov , S.V. , Khodzhaeva , V.L. , Antipov , E.M. , Krentsel , B.A. , Frolov , V.M. , Konovalenko , N.A. , Tikhomorova , I.A. and Topchiev , A.V. 1996 . Synthesis, structure, and properties of polydienes synthesized using catalytic systems based on vanadium compounds and alkylalumoxanes . Vyxokomolekularnye sojedinenija, Serie A , 38 ( 4 ) : 594 – 600 . Chem. Abstr. 1996, 125, 302934
   Google Scholar
• Endo , K. and Uchida , Y. 2000 . 1,2-Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with Cr(acac)3-alkylaluminum catalysts . J. Appl. Polymer Sci. , 78 : 1621 – 1627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Battistella , M. and Porri , L. 2001 . Chemoselectivity and stereospecificity of chromium(II) catalysts for 1,3-diene polymerizatiosn . Macromolecules , 34 : 5766 – 5769 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steven , L. Process and Iron-Based Catalyst Composition for the Production of Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene . Patent Application EP 0,994,128 A1 . April 19, 2000, (Priority October 14, 1998) . Bridgestone Corp. Eur., Chem. Abstr. 2000, 132,2656003
   Google Scholar
• Steven , L. Process and Iron-Based Composition for the Production of Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene . US Patent 6,277,779 B1 . August 21, 2001, (Priority: October 14, 1998) . Bridgestone Corp., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 134, 208319
   Google Scholar
• Steven , L. Process for Producing Blends of Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene and Rubbery Elastomers with an Iron-Based Catalyst System . International Publication WO 01/49,763 A1 & Eur. Patent Application EP 1,242,487 A11 . July 12, 2001, (Priority: December 30, 1999) . Bridgestone Corp., Chem. Abstr. 2001, 134, 208319
   Google Scholar
• Steven , L. Iron-Based Catalyst for Producing Oligomers of Conjugated Dienes . Patent Application EP 1237960A1/International Publication WO 01/32724 A1 . May 10, 2001, (Priority: November 05, 1999) . Bridgestone Corp., Chem. Abstr. 2001, 134, 340828
   Google Scholar
• Masi , F. , Sommazzi , A. , Santi , R. , Pampaloni , G. , Bonsignore , S. , Valenti , S. and Bianchini , C. Process for the Copolymerization of Conjugated Dienes , International Publication WO 02/102,861 A2 . December 27, 2002, (Priority: June 15, 2001) Eni S.p.A., Polymeri Europa S.p.A., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 138, 57293
   Google Scholar
• Wilke , G. and Bogdanovic , B. 1970 . Olefin transformations catalyzed by organonickel compounds . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 62 ( 12 ) : 34 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , L.K. , Killian , C.M. and Brookhart , M. 1995 . New Pd(II)- and Ni(II)-based catalysts for polymerization of ethylene and α-olefins . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 117 ( 23 ) : 6414 – 6415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo , P. , Grisi , F. , Proto , A. and Zambelli , A. 1998 . New Ni(II) based catalysts active in the polymerization of olefins . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 19 : 31 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa , J. 1975 . Mechanism of diene polymerization . Pure Appl. Chem. , 42 : 495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , M. and Cann , J. C. Gas Phase Polymerization of Vinylpolybutadiene . US Patent 5,879,805 . March 09, 1999, (Priority: September 09, 1997) . Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation, Chem. Abstr. 1999, 130, 210104
   Google Scholar
• Endo , K. and Hatakeyama , N. 2001 . Stereospecific and molecular weight-controlled polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with Co(acac)3-MAO catalyst . J. Polymer Sci. (A): Polymer Chem. , 39 : 2793 – 2798 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb Nath , D.C. , Shiono , T. and Ikeda , T. 2002 . Cis-specific living polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with CoCl2 and methylalumoxane . Macromol. Chem. Phys. , 203 ( 4 ) : 756 – 760 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzer , L.E. 1975 . Polypyrazolylborate complexes of titanium and vanadium . J. Organomet. Chem. , 102 ( 2 ) : 167 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu , Y.-Y. and Yim , J.-H. New Metallocene Catalyst for Olefin or Styrene Polymerization and Polymerization Method Using the Metallocene Catalyst . Patent Application 0,964,004A1 . December 15, 1999, (Priority: June 08, 1998) . Samsung Gengeral Chemicals Co., Ltd., Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1999, 132, 36187
   Google Scholar
• Caprio , M. , Serra , M.C. , Bowen , D.E. and Grassi , A. 2002 . Structural characterization of novel styrene-butadiene block copolymers containing syndiotactic styrene homosequences . Macromolecules , 35 ( 25 ) : 9315 – 9322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou , Z. , Kaita , S. and Wakatsuki , Y. 2001 . Novel polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene, styrene, and/or butadiene by new organolanthanide-based catalysts . Pure Appl. Chem. , 73 ( 2 ) : 291 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaita , S. , Hou , Y. and Wakatsuki , Y. 2001 . Random- and block-copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene with styrene based on the stereospecific living system: (C5Me5)2Sm(μ-Me)2AlMe2/Al(i-Bu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] . Macromolecules , 34 ( 6 ) : 1539 – 1541 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele , S.K.-H. , Monroy , V.M. and Wilson , D.R. Random or Block Co- or Terpolymers Produced by Using of Metal Complex Catalysts , International Publication WO 02/090,394 A1 . November 14, 2002, (Priority: May 04, 2001) Dow Global Technologies Inc., Chem. Abstr. 2002, 137, 370473
   Google Scholar
• Nath , D.C.D. , Shiono , T. and Ikeda , T. 2002 . Copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene with cobalt dichloride/methylalumoxane in the presence of triphenylphoshine . J. Polymer Sci. (A): Polymer Chem. , 40 : 3086 – 3092 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricci , G. , Battistella , M. , Bertini , F. and Porri , L. 2002 . 1,2 Syndiotactic polybutadiene of controlled crystallinity by butadiene-isoprene copolymerization with CrCl2 (dmpe)2/ MAO . Polymer Bull. , 48 : 25 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele , K.-H. , Brune , J.F. and Langbein , U. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elastomeren durch Copolymerisation von 1,3-Butadien und α-Olefinen . German (Former GDR) Patent DD 118,438 . March 05, 1976, (Priority: April 03, 1975) . VEB Chemische Werke Buna, Chem. Abstr. 1977, 86, 44582
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , James, C. , Timmers , Francis, J. , Wilson , David, R. , Schmidt , Gregory, F. , Nickias , Peter, N. , Rosen , Robert, K. , Knight , George, W. and Lai , Shih Y. Constrained Geometry Addition Polymerization Catalysts, Processes for their Preparation, Precursors Therefor, Methods of Use, and Novel Polymers Formed Therewith . Patent Application 416,815A2 . March 13, 1991, (Priority: August 31, 1989) . The Dow Chemical Company, Eur., Chem. Abstr. 1991, 115, 93163
   Google Scholar
• Geprägs , M. , Wünsch , J. and Rösch , J. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Copolymerisaten aus Vinylaromatischen und Olefinischen Verbindungen durch Dispersionspolymerisation in Gegenwart von Metallocenkatalysatorsystemen . German Laid-Open Patent Application DE 19,542,356 A1 . May 15, 1997, (Priority: November 14, 1995) . BASF AG, Chem. Abstr. 1997, 127, 34625
   Google Scholar
• Devore , D. , Crawford , L. , Stevens , J. , Timmers , F. , Mussell , R. and Wilson , D. Titanium(II) or Zirconium(II) Complexes and Addition Polymerization Catalysts Therefrom , International Publication WO 95/00,526 . June 05, 1995, (Priority: June 24, 1993) The Dow Chemical Company, Chem. Abstr. 1995, 123, 257778
   Google Scholar
• Devore , D. , Rosen , R. , Stevens , J. , Timmers , F. , Patton , J. and Neithamer , D. Biscyclopentadienyl Diene Complexes , International Publication WO 96/04,290 . February 15, 1996, (Priority: August 02, 1994) The Dow Chemical Company, Chem. Abstr. 1996, 125, 11734
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , S. Personal communication . Manuscript in preparation
   Google Scholar
• Turner , H.W. New Polymerization Catalyst . WO 87/03,604 . June 18, 1987, (Priority: December 12, 1985) . (ESSO) Exxon Chem. Patents Inc.; Chem. Abstr. 1987, 107, 199105
   Google Scholar
• Welborn , H.C. and Stehling , F.C. Copolymers of Ethylene and 1,3-Butadiene . International Publication WO 88/04,672 . June 30, 1988, (Priority: December 19, 1986) . (ESSO) Exxon Chem. Patents Inc.; Chem. Abstr. 1988, 109, 550259
   Google Scholar
• Welborn , H.C. Copolymers of Ethylene and 1,3-Butadiene . U.S. Patent 5,191,052 . March 02, 1993, (Priority: November 02, 1990) . (ESSO) Exxon Chem. Patents Inc., Chem. Abstr. 1987, 106, 157033
   Google Scholar
• Pragliola , S. , Milano , G. , Guerra , G. and Longo , P. 2002 . Stereoselective cyclopropanation by cyclocopolymerization of butadiene . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 124 : 3502 – 3503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galimberti , M. and Albizzati , E. 1991 . 13C NMR analysis of α-olefins copolymers with 1,3-butadiene obtained with zirconocenes/methylalumoxane catalysts . Makromol. Chem. , 192 : 2591 – 2601 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbotin , F. , Monteil , V. , Llauro , M.-F. , Boisson , C. and Spitz , R. 2000 . First synthesis of poly(ethene-co-1,3-butadiene) with neodymocene catalysts . Macromolecules , 33 ( 23 ) : 8521 – 8523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar