MOOD: A REVIEW OF ITS ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES

REFERENCES

• Tomkins , S. S. 1981 . The Quest for Primary Motives: Biography and Autobiography of an Idea . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 41 : 306 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watsonn , D. and Tellegen , A. 1985 . Toward a Consensual Structure of Mood . Psychological Bulletin , 98 : 219 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staw , B. M. and Barsade , S. G. 1993 . Affect and Managerial Performance: A Test of the Sadder-but-Wiser vs. Happier-and-Smarter Hypotheses . Administrative Science Quarterly , 38 : 304 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. and Clore , G. L. 1983 . Mood, Misattribution, and Judgments of Well-Being: Informative and Directive Functions of Affective States . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 45 : 513 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel , R. 1983 . “ Cognitive Aspects of Affects and Other Feeling States with Clinical Applications ” . In Affect: Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice Edited by: Cantor , M. B. and Glucksman , M. L. 161 – 184 . Wiley, New York .
   Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. , Means , B. , Patrick , R. and Nowicki , G. Some Factors Influencing Decision-Making Strategy and Risk Taking . In Affect and Cognition: The Seventeenth Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition . Edited by: Clark , M. S. and Fiske , S. T. pp. 243 – 261 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Drellich , M. G. 1983 . “ Psychoanalytic Theories of Affect ” . In Affect: Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice Edited by: Cantor , M. B. and Glucksman , M. L. 11 – 25 . Wiley: New York .
   Google Scholar
• Kluger , A. N. , Lewinsohn , S. and Aiello , J. R. 1994 . The Influence of Feedback on Mood: Linear Effects on Pleasantness and Curvilinear Effects on Arousal . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 60 : 276 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgas , J. P. and Moylan , S. 1987 . After the Movies: Transient Mood and Social Judgments . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 13 : 467 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , D. and Clark , L. A. 1997 . Measurement and Mismeasurement of Mood: Recurrent and Emergent Issues . Journal of Personality Assessment , 68 : 267 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , D. , Clark , L. A. and Tellegen , A. 1988 . Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 1063 – 1070 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrards-Hesse , A. , Spies , K. and Hesse , F. W. 1994 . Experimental Inductions of Emotional States and Their Effectiveness: A Review . British Journal of Psychology , 85 : 55 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanagh , D. J. and Bower , G. H. 1985 . Mood and Self-efficacy: Impact of Joy and Sadness on Perceived Capabilities . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 9 : 507 – 525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salovey , P. 1992 . Mood-induced Self-focused Attention . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 62 : 699 – 707 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervone , D. , Kopp , D. A. , Schaumann , L. and Scott , W. D. 1994 . Mood, Self-Efficacy, and Performance Standards: Lower Moods Induce Higher Standards for Performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 499 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddock , G. , Zanna , M. P. and Esses , V. M. 1994 . Mood and the Expression of Intergroup Attitudes: The Moderating Role of Affect Intensity . European Journal of Social Psychology , 24 : 189 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosselli , F. , Skelly , J. J. and Mackie , D. M. 1995 . Processing Rational and Emotional Messages: The Cognitive and Affective Mediation of Persuasion . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 31 : 163 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Means , B. 1983 . The Influence of Positive Affect on Decision-Making Strategy . Social Cognition , 2 : 18 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laird , J. D. , Wagener , J. J. , Halal , M. and Szegda , M. 1982 . Remembering What You Feel: Effects of Emotion on Memory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 42 : 646 – 657 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayer , R. E. 1987 . Energy, Tiredness, and Tension Effects of a Sugar Snack versus Moderate Exercise . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 119 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. and Bronfen , M. I. 1994 . A Whiff of Reality: Empirical Evidence Concerning the Effects of Pleasant Fragrances on Work-Related Behavior . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 : 1179 – 1203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. , Rea , M. S. and Daniels , S. G. 1992 . Effects of Indoor Lighting (Illuminance and Spectral Distribution) on the Performance of Cognitive Tasks and Interpersonal Behaviors: The Potential Mediating Role of Positive Affect . Motivation and Emotion , 16 : 1 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman , M. and Lubin , B. 1965 . Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List San Diego, CA : Educational and Industrial Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Baron , R. A. 1991 . Positive Affect as a Factor in Organizational Behavior . Research in Organizational Behavior , 13 : 1 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , M. B. 1960 . Emotion and Personality New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thayer , R. E. 1989 . The Biopsychology of Mood and Arousal New York : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• George , J. M. 1989 . Mood and Absence . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 : 317 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agho , A. O. , Price , J. L. and Mueller , C. W. 1992 . Discriminant Validity of Measures of Job Satisfaction, Positive Affectivity, and Negative Affectivity . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 65 : 185 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , D. G. 1990 . Effects of Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism in Current Mood: A Statistical Review of Six Studies . Personality and Individual Differences , 11 : 615 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, Appraisal, and Coping New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , A. A. 1987 . Event Content in a Daily Survey is Differentially Associated with Concurrent Mood . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 56 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham , M. R. 1979 . Weather, Mood, and Helping Behavior: Quasi Experiment with the Sunshine Samaritan . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 1947 – 1956 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders , J. L. and Brizzolara , M. S. 1982 . Relationships Between Weather and Mood . The Journal of General Psychology , 107 : 155 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charry , J. M. and Hawkinshire , V. F.B. W. 1981 . Effects of Atmospheric Electricity on Some Substrates of Disordered Social Behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 41 : 185 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. , Russell , G. W. and Arms , R. L. 1985 . Negative Ions and Behavior: Impact on Mood, Memory, and Aggression among Type A and Type B Persons . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 746 – 754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. 1993 . “ Affect and Organizational Behavior: When and Why Feeling Good (or Bad) Matters ” . In Social Psychology in Organizations: Advances in Theory and Research Edited by: Murnighan , J. K. 63 – 87 . NJ : Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , S. E. 1991 . Asymmetrical Effects of Positive and Negative Events: The Mobilization-Minimization Hypothesis . Psychological Bulletin , 110 : 67 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. 1987 . “ Positive Affect, Cognitive Processes, and Social Behavior ” . In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 20 , 203 – 253 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nasby , W. and Yando , R. 1982 . Selective Encoding and Retrieval of Affectively Valent Information . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 43 : 1244 – 1255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgas , J. P. , Bower , G. H. and Krantz , S. 1984 . The Influence of Mood on Perceptions of Social Interactions . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 20 : 497 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouaux , C. 1971 . Induced Affective States and Interpersonal Attraction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 20 : 37 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroessner , S. J. , Hamilton , D. L. and Mackie , D. M. 1992 . Affect and Stereotyping: The Effect of Induced Mood on Distinctiveness-Based Illusory Correlations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 62 : 564 – 576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Patrick , R. 1983 . The Effect of Positive Feelings on Risk-Taking: When the Chips are Down . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 31 : 194 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , J. M. 1991 . State or Trait: Effects of Positive Mood on Prosocial Behaviors at Work . Journal of Applied Psychology , 76 : 299 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. 1990 . Environmentally Induced Affect: Its Impact on Self-Efficacy, Task Performance, Negotiation, and Conflict . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 20 : 368 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brief , A. P. , Butcher , A. H. and Roberson , L. 1995 . Cookies, Disposition, and Job Attitudes: The Effects of Positive Mood-Inducing Events and Negative Affectivity on Job Satisfaction in a Field Experiment . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 62 : 55 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. M. , Newton , E. and Pommerenke , P. L. 1993 . Self-Enhancement Biases and Negotiator Judgment: Effects of Self-Esteem and Mood . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 56 : 110 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair , R. C. 1988 . Mood, Categorization Breath, and Performance Appraisal: The Effects of Order of Information Acquisition and Affective State on Halo, Accuracy, Information Retrieval, and Evaluations . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 42 : 22 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , J. M. and Brief , A. P. 1992 . Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of the Mood at Work-Organizational Spontaneity Relationship . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 310 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. , Shalker , T. , Clark , M. and Karp , L. 1978 . Affect, Accessibility of Material in Memory and Behavior: A Cognitive Loop? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Daubman , K. A. 1984 . The Influence of Affect on Categorization . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 47 : 1206 – 1217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. , Niedenthal , P. M. and Cantor , N. 1992 . An Influence of Positive Affect on Social Categorization . Motivation and Emotion , 16 : 65 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. , Johnson , M. M. S. , Mertz , E. and Robinson , G. 1985 . The Influence of Positive Affect on the Unusualness of Word Association . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1413 – 1426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. , Daubman , K. A. and Nowicki , G. P. 1987 . Positive Affect Facilitates Creative Problem Solving . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 1122 – 1131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrada , C. A. , Isen , A. M. and Young , M. J. 1994 . Positive Affect Improves Creative Problem Solving and Influences Reported Source of Practice Satisfaction in Physicians . Motivation and Emotion , 18 : 285 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan , M. J. and Conway , M. 1989 . Negative Affect Leads to Low-Effort Cognition: Attributional Processing for Observed Social Behavior . Social Cognition , 7 : 315 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bless , H. , Bohner , G. , Schwarz , N. and Strack , F. 1990 . Mood and Persuasion: A Cognitive Response Analysis . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 16 : 331 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bless , H. , Mackie , D. M. and Schwarz , N. 1992 . Mood Effects on Attitude Judgments: Independent Effects of Mood Before and After Message Elaboration . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63 : 585 – 595 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohner , G. , Crow , K. , Erb , H. and Schwarz , N. 1992 . Affect and Persuasion: Mood Effects on the Processing of Message Content and Context Cues and on Subsequent Behavior . European Journal of Social Psychology , 22 : 511 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worth , L. T. and Mackie , D. M. 1987 . Cognitive Mediation of Positive Affect in Persuasion . Social Cognition , 5 : 76 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohner , G. , Chaiken , S. and Hunyadi , P. 1994 . The Role of Mood and Message Ambiguity in the Interplay of Heuristic and Substantive Processing . European Journal of Social Psychology , 24 : 207 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair , R. C. , Mark , M. M. and Clore , G. L. 1994 . Mood-related Persuasion Depends on (Mis)Attributions . Social Cognition , 12 : 309 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegener , D. T. , Petty , R. E. and Smith , S. M. 1995 . Positive Mood Can Increase or Decrease Message Scrutiny: The Hedonic Contingency View Of Mood And Message Processing . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 5 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie , D. M. and Worth , L. T. 1989 . Processing Deficits and the Mediation of Positive Affect in Persuasion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 27 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , S. M. and Shaffer , D. R. 1991 . The Effects of Good Moods on Systematic Processing: “Willing But Not Able, or Able But Not Willing? . Motivation and Emotion , 15 : 243 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batra , R. and Stayman , D. M. 1990 . The Role of Mood in Advertising Effectiveness . Journal of Consumer Research , 17 : 203 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petty , R. E. and Cacioppo , J. T. 1986 . “ The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion ” . In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 19 , 123 – 205 . Orlando, FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chaiken , S. , Liberman , A. and Eagly , A. H. 1989 . “ Heuristic and Systematic Information Processing Within and Beyond the Persuasion Context ” . In Unintended Thought: Limits of Awareness, Intention, and Control Edited by: Uleman , J. S. and Bargh , J. A. 212 – 252 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Petty , R. E. , Schumann , D. W. , Richman , S. A. and Strathman , A. J. 1993 . Positive Mood and Persuasion: Different Roles for Affect under High- and Low-Elaboration Conditions . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 5 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Geva , N. 1987 . The Influence of Positive Affect n Acceptable Level of Risk and Thoughts about Losing. The Person with a Large Canoe has a Large Worry . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 39 : 145 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Simmonds , S. 1978 . The Effect of Feeling Good on a Helping Task that is Incompatible with Good Mood . Social Psychology Quarterly , 41 : 346 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isen , A. M. and Levin , P. F. 1972 . The Effect of Feeling Good on Helping: Cookies and Kindness . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 21 : 384 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford , W. S. Z. 1995 . Evaluation of the Indirect Influence of Courteous Service on Customer Discretionary Behavior . Human Communication Research , 22 : 65 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. 1997 . The Sweet Smell of … Helping: Effects of Pleasant Ambient Fragrance on Prosocial Behavior in Shopping Malls . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 23 : 498 – 503 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson , G. M. and Clark , M. S. 1989 . Providing Help and Desired Relationship Type as Determinants of Changes in Moods and Self-Evaluations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 722 – 734 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnerstein , E. , Donnerstein , M. and Munger , G. 1975 . Helping Behavior as a Function of Pictorially Induced Moods . Journal of Social Psychology , 97 : 221 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , B. S. , Underwood , B. and Rosenhan , D. L. 1973 . Affect and Altruism . Developmental Psychology , 8 : 99 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , M. and Siebal , C. 1975 . Affect, Aggression, and Altruism . Developmental Psychology , 11 : 623 – 627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnevale , P. J. D. and Isen , A. M. 1986 . The Influence of Positive Affect and Visual Access on the Discovery of Integrative Solutions in Bilateral Negotiation . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 37 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curren , M. T. and Harich , K. R. 1994 . Consumers' Mood States: The Mitigating Influence of Personal Relevance on Product Evaluations . Psychology & Marketing , 11 : 91 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Cardy , R. L. and Dobbins , G. H. 1986 . Affect and Appraisal Accuracy: Liking as an Integral Dimension in Evaluating Performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 : 672 – 678 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui , A. S. and Barry , B. 1986 . Interpersonal Affect and Rating Errors . Academy of Management Journal , 29 : 586 – 599 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. 1987 . Interviewer's Moods and Reactions to Job Applicants: The Influence of Affective States on Applied Social Judgments . Journal of Social Psychology , 17 : 911 – 926 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower , G. H. 1981 . Mood and Memory . American Psychologist , 36 : 129 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. 1990 . “ Feelings as Information: Informational and Motivational Functions of Affective States ” . In Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior Edited by: Higgins , E. T. and Sorrentino , R. Vol. 2 , 527 – 561 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Forgas , J. P. 1995 . Mood and Judgment: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM) . Psychological Bulletin , 117 : 39 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , J. and Mischel , W. 1982 . Influence of Affect on Cognitive Social Learning Person Variables . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 43 : 901 – 914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham , M. R. 1988 . What Do You Do When You're Happy or Blue? Mood, Expectancies, and Behavioral Interest . Motivation and Emotion , 12 : 309 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraiger , K. , Billings , R. S. and Isen , A. M. 1989 . The Influence of Affective States on Task Perceptions and Satisfaction . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 44 : 12 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1986 . Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory NJ : Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1997 . Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control New York : W. H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Locke , E. A. and Latham , G. P. 1990 . A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance NJ : Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , J. D. and Salovey , P. 1997 . “ What is Emotional Intelligence? ” . In Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications Edited by: Salovey , P. and Sluyter , D. J. 3 – 31 . New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar