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Original Articles

COMMUNITY-BASED MEDIATION PROGRAMS: A CASE STUDY AND COMPARISON

Pages 1427-1457 | Published online: 07 Feb 2007

REFERENCES

  • Christie , N. 1981 . Limits to Pain 123 Oxford, , UK : Martin Robertson .
  • Chupp , M. 1989 . “ Reconciliation Procedures and Rationale ” . In Mediation and Criminal Justice: Victims, Offenders and Community Edited by: Wright , M. and Galaway , B. 56 London, , UK : Sage Publications .
  • Klein , L. and Van Ness , S. 1996 . Give Peace a Chance: Community Corrections as Peacemaking . Proceeding of the American Society of Criminology Conference, Annual Meeting . November 20–23 1996 , Chicago.
  • Moore , D.B. 1996 . “ Shame, Forgiveness, Juvenile Justice ” . In Justice, Crime and Ethics , 2 Edited by: Brawwell , M.C. , McCarthy , B.R. and McCarthy , B.J. 261 – 198 . Cincinnati, OH : Anerison Publishing .
  • Moore , D.B. 1997 . “ Pride, Shame and Empathy in Peer Relations: New Theory and Practice in Education and Juvenile Justice ” . In Children′s Peer Relations Edited by: Rigby , K. and Shee , P. London, UK : Routledge .
  • Van Ness , D. and Heetderks , K. 1997 . Restoring Justice 228 Cincinnati, OH : Anderson Publishing Company .
  • Colson , C. and Van Ness , D. 1989 . Convicted: New Hope for Ending America′s Crime Crisis 109 Westchester, IL : Crossway Books .
  • Boers , A.P. 1992 . Justice that Heals: A Biblical Vision for Victims and Offenders 166 Newton, KS : Faith and Life Press .
  • Consedine , J. 1995 . Restorative Justice: Healing the Effects of Crime 176 NZ : Ploughshares Publications .
  • Putnam , R. 2000 . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Rice , T. and Sumberg , A. 2001 . “ Civic Culture and Government Performance in the American States ” . In The Lanahan Readings in State and Local Government Edited by: Baker , J. Baltimore, MD : Lanahan Publishers .
  • Cooke , L.H. 1981 . The Highways and Byways of Dispute Resolution . St. John's Law Review , 55 ( 4 ) : 611 – 632 .
  • Cooke , L.H. 1982 . Mediation – A Boon to Courts and Citizens . Court Review , 20 ( 1 ) : 8–11 – 16 .
  • Harrison , R. and Quinnett , E. Improving the Productivity of Family Unity Meeting Programs: Five Management Methods in San Diego County . 2000 National Roundtable on Family Group Decision Making: Summary of Proceedings . Edited by: Merkel-Holguin , L. and Wilmot , L. Vol. 2001195-202 , Englewood, CO : American Humane Association .
  • Harrison , R. and Quinnett , E. A New Paradigm for San Diego County: The Organizational Setting for Implementing Family Unity Meetings in a Change Environment . 1999 National Roundtable on Family Group Decision Making: Summary of Proceedings . Edited by: Merkel-Holguin , L. and Wilmot , L. Englewood, CO : American Humane Association .
  • 2001 . “ VOMA (Victim Offender Mediation Association) ” . In 2001 Membership Directory Minneapolis, MN : Center for Policy, Planning, and Performance .
  • Erikson , R. , Wright , G. and McIver , J. 1993 . Statehouse Democracy: Public Opinion and Policy in the American States Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Harrison , R. and Quinnett , E. Improving the Productivity of Family Unity Meeting Programs: Five Management Methods in San Diego County . 2000 National Roundtable on Family Group Decision Making: Summary of Proceedings . Edited by: Merkel-Holguin , L. and Wilmot , L. Vol. 2001195-202 , Englewood, CO : American Humane Association .
  • Harrison , R. and Quinnett , E. A New Paradigm for San Diego County: The Organizational Setting for Implementing Family Unity Meetings in a Change Environment . 1999 National Roundtable on Family Group Decision Making: Summary of Proceedings . Edited by: Merkel-Holguin , L. and Wilmot , L. Englewood, CO : American Humane Association .
  • Burford , G. and Hudson , J. 2000 . Family Group Conferencing: New Directions in Community-Centered Child and Family Practice Hawthorne, NY : Aldine De Gruyter .
  • Connolly , M. and McKenzie , M. 1999 . Effective Participatory Practice: Family Group Conferencing in Child Protection Hawthorne, NY : Aldine De Gruyter .
  • Morris , A. and Maxwell , G. “ Restorative Justice in New Zealand: Family Group Conferences as a Case Study ” . In Western Criminology Review [Online].Available:http://wcr.sonoma.edu/vlnl/morris.html. (accessed 1998)
  • Bazemore , G. 1994 . Developing a Victim Orientation for Community Corrections: A Restorative Justice Paradigm and a Balanced Mission . Perspectives , 18 ( 3 ) : 19 – 24 .
  • Bazemore , G. 1996 . “ Three Paradigms for Juvenile Justice ” . In Restorative Justice: International Perspectives Edited by: B. Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. 37 Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Bazemore , G. and Umbreit , M. 1995 . Rethinking the Sanctioning Function in Juvenile Court: Retributive or Restorative Responses to Youth Crime . Crime and Delinquency , 41 ( 3 ) : 296 – 316 .
  • Bazemore , G. and Umbreit , M. 1994 . Balanced and Restorative Justice for Juveniles: A National Strategy for Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century 32 Ft. Lauderdale, FL : Florida Atlantic University .
  • Walgrave , L. 1995 . Restorative Justice for Juveniles: Just a Technique or a Fully Fledged Alternative? . Howard Journal of Criminal Justice , 34 ( 3 ) : 228 – 249 .
  • Walgrave , L. 1994 . In Search of a Constructive Alternative in the Judicial Response to Juvenile Crime . European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research , 2 ( 2 ) : 57 – 75 .
  • Van Ness , D. 1990a . “ Restorative Justice ” . In Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. 7 – 14 . Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Van Ness , D. 1990b . Restoring the Balance: Tipping the Scales of Justice . Corrections Today , 52 ( 1 ) : 62 64–66
  • Van Ness , D. and Heetderks , K. 1997 . Restoring Justice 228 Cincinnati, OH : Anderson Publishing Company .
  • Sharkansky , I. 1969 . The Utility of Elazar's Political Culture . Polity , 2 : 66 – 83 .
  • Elazar , D. 1972 . American Federalism: A View from the States , 2 New York : Crowell .
  • Elazar , D. 1970 . Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics New York : Basic .
  • Elazar , D. 1966 . American Federalism: A View from the States New York : Crowell .
  • Elazar , D. 1972 . American Federalism: A View from the States , 2 New York : Crowell .
  • Elazar , D. 1970 . Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics New York : Basic .
  • Elazar , D. 1966 . American Federalism: A View from the States New York : Crowell .
  • McCold , P. and Wachtel , T. 2000 . Restorative Justice Theory Validation . Proceeding at the Fourth International Conference on Restorative Justice for Juveniles . October 1–4 2000 , Tubingen, Germany.
  • Real Justice. In the Real Justice Forum: a conferencing and restorative practices newsletter, 2000, issue 9
  • Morris, A.; Maxwell, G. Restorative Justice in New Zealand: Family Group Conferences as a Case Study. Western Criminology Review;. [Online]. Available: http://wcr.sonoma.edu/vlnl/morris.html. (accessed 1998)
  • McCold , P. and Stahr , J. 1996 . Bethlehem Police Family Group Conferencing Project . Proceeding of the American Society of Criminology Conference, Annual Meeting . November 20–23 1996 , Chicago.
  • Umbreit , M. Stacey? Family Group Conferencing Comes to the U.S.: A Comparison with Victim Offender Mediation . The Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation . pp. 15 St. Paul, MN : University of Minnesota .
  • McDonald , J. , Thorsborne , M. , Moore , D.B. , Hyndman , M. and O'Connell , T. 1995 . Family Group Conferencing: A Training Manual 75 Bondi Beach, , AUS : Transformative Justice .
  • Umbreit , M. 1996a . Restorative Justice Through Mediation: The Impact of Offenders Facing their Victims in Oakland . Law and Social Work , : 13
  • Umbreit , M. 1996b . “ Restorative Justice Through Mediation: The Impact of Programs in Four Canadian Provinces ” . In Restorative Justice: International Perspectives Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. 373 – 386 . Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Umbreit , M. 1995 . The Development and Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation in the United States . Mediation Quarterly , 12 ( 3 ) : 63 – 276 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1994 . Crime Victims Confront Their Offenders: The Impact of a Minneapolis Mediation Program . Journal of Research on Social Work Practice , 4 ( 4 ) : 436 – 447 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1994 . Victim Meets Offender: The Impact of Restorative Justice and Mediation 256 Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Umbreit , M. 1993 . Juvenile Offenders Meet Their Victims: The Impact of Mediation in Albuquerque, New Mexico . Family and Conciliation Courts Review , 31 ( 1 ) : 90 – 100 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1992 . “ Mediating Victim-Offender Conflict: From Single-Site Analysis to Multi-Site Analysis in the U.S. ” . In Restorative Justice on Trial: Pitfalls and Potentials of Victim-Offender Mediation – International Research Perspectives Edited by: Messmer , H. and Otto , H.-U. 431 – 444 . Dordrecht, NETH : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
  • Umbreit , M. 1991 . Having Offenders Meet with their Victims Offers Benefits for Both Parties . Corrections Today , 53 ( 4 ) : 164 – 166 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1990 . “ The Meaning of Fairness to Burglary Victims ” . In Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Umbreit , M. 1989 . Crime Victims Seeking Fairness, Not Revenge: Towards Restorative Justice . Federal Probation , 53 ( 3 ) : 52 – 57 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1988 . “ Victim Understanding of Fairness: Burglary Victims in Victim-Offender Mediation ” . In Citizens Council on Crime and Justice Minneapolis MN, Minnesota
  • Umbreit , M. 1985 . “ Victim Offender Mediation: Conflict Resolution and Restitution, PACT ” . 85 Valparaiso : Institute of Justice .
  • Umbreit , M. and Roberts , A. 1996 . Mediation of Criminal Conflict in England: An Assessment of Services in Coventry and Leeds 92 St. Paul, MN : Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation, University of Minnesota .
  • Umbreit , M. , Coates , R. , Kalanj , B. , Lipkin , R. and Petros , G. 1995 . “ Executive Summary Report ” . In Mediation of Criminal Conflict: An Assessment of Programs in Four Canadian Provinces 23 St. Paul, MN : The Center for Restorative Justice and mediation, University of Minnesota .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1993 . Cross-Site Analysis of Victim-Offender Mediation in Four States . Crime and Delinquency , 39 ( 4 ) : 565 – 585 .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1992a . The Impact of Mediating Victim Offender Conflict: An Analysis of Programs in Three States . Juvenile and Family Court Journal , 43 ( 1 ) : 21 – 28 .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1992b . “ Victim Offender Mediation: A Review of the Research in the United States ” . In Making Amends: Mediation and Reparation in Criminal Justice Edited by: Davis , G. 190 – 199 . London, , UK : Routledge .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1992c . Victim Offender Mediation: An Analysis of Programs in Four States of the U.S. 214 Minneapolis, MN : Minnesota Citizens Council on Crime and Justice .
  • McCold , P. and Wachtel , T. Restorative Justice Theory Validation . Proceeding at the Fourth International Conference on Restorative Justice for Juveniles . October , Tubingen, Germany. pp. 1 – 4 .
  • Rice , T. and Sumberg , A. 2001 . “ Civic Culture and Government Performance in the American States ” . In The Lanahan Readings in State and Local Government Edited by: Baker , J. Baltimore, MD : Lanahan Publishers .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Bazemore , G. 1996 . “ Three Paradigms for Juvenile Justice ” . In Restorative Justice: International Perspectives Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. 37 Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Bazemore , G. 1994 . Developing a Victim Orientation for Community Corrections: A Restorative Justice Paradigm and a Balanced Mission . Perspectives , 18 ( 3 ) : 19 – 24 .
  • Bazemore , G. and Umbreit , M. 1995 . Rethinking the Sanctioning Function in Juvenile Court: Retributive or Restorative Responses to Youth Crime . Crime and Delinquency , 41 ( 3 ) : 296 – 316 .
  • Bazemore , G. and Umbreit , M. 1994 . Balanced and Restorative Justice for Juveniles: A National Strategy for Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century 32 Ft. Lauderdale, FL : Florida Atlantic University .
  • Bazemore , G. and Umbreit , M. 1994 . Balanced and Restorative Justice 16 Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention .
  • Boers , A.P. 1992 . Justice that Heals: A Biblical Vision for Victims and Offenders 166 Newton, KS : Faith and Life Press .
  • Burford , G. and Hudson , J. 2000 . Family Group Conferencing: New Directions in Community-Centered Child and Family Practice Hawthorne, NY : Aldine De Gruyter .
  • Christie , N. 1981 . Limits to Pain 123 Oxford, UK : Martin Robertson .
  • Chupp , M. 1989 . “ Reconciliation Procedures and Rationale ” . In Mediation and Criminal Justice: Victims, Offenders and Community Edited by: Wright , M. and Galaway , B. 56 London, UK : Sage Publications .
  • Classen , R. 1995 (July–November) . “ Restorative Justice Principles ” . In VORP News 14 Clovis, CA
  • Colson , C. and Van Ness , D. 1989 . Convicted: New Hope for Ending America's Crime Crisis 109 Westchester, IL : Crossway Books .
  • Connolly , M. and McKenzie , M. 1999 . Effective Participatory Practice: Family Group Conferencing in Child Protection Hawthorne, NY : Aldine De Gruyter .
  • Consedine , J. 1995 . Restorative Justice: Healing the Effects of Crime 176 NZ : Ploughshares Publications .
  • Cooke , L.H. 1982 . Mediation – A Boon to Courts and Citizens . Court Review , 20 ( 1 ) : 8 – 11 . 16
  • Cooke , L.H. 1981 . The Highways and Byways of Dispute Resolution . St. John's Law Review , 55 ( 4 ) : 611 – 632 .
  • Elazar , D. 1972 . American Federalism: A View from the States , 2 New York : Crowell .
  • Elazar , D. 1970 . Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics New York : Basic .
  • Elazar , D. 1966 . American Federalism: A View from the States New York : Crowell .
  • Erikson , R. , Wright , G. and McIver , J. 1993 . Statehouse Democracy: Public opinion and policy in the American States Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Harrison , R. and Quinnett , E. 2001 . “ Improving the Productivity of Family Unity Meeting Programs: Five Management Methods in San Diego County ” . In 2000 National Roundtable on Family Group Decision Making: Summary of Proceedings Edited by: Merkel-Holguin , L. and Wilmot , L. Vol. 2001195-202 , Englewood, CO : American Humane Association .
  • Harrison , R. and Quinnett , E. 2000 . “ A New Paradigm for San Diego County: The Organizational Setting for Implementing Family Unity Meetings in a Change Environment ” . In 1999 National Roundtable on Family Group Decision Making: Summary of Proceedings Edited by: Merkel-Holguin , L. and Wilmot , L. Englewood, CO : American Humane Association .
  • Hudson , J. , Morris , G. , Maxwell , G. and Galaway , B. , eds. 1996 . Family Group Conferences: Perspectives on Policy and Practice Annandale, NSW : Federation Press .
  • Klein , L. and Van Ness , S. 1996 . Give Peace a Chance: Community Corrections as Peacemaking . Proceeding of the American Society of Criminology Conference, Annual Meeting . November 20–23 1996 , Chicago.
  • McCold , P. and Stahr , J. 1996 . Bethlehem Police Family Group Conferencing Project . Proceeding of the American Society of Criminology Conference, Annual Meeting . November 20–23 1996 , Chicago.
  • McCold , P. and Wachtel , T. 2000 . Restorative Justice Theory Validation . Proceeding at the Fourth International Conference on Restorative Justice for Juveniles . October 1–4 2000 , Tubingen, Germany.
  • McDonald , J. , Thorsborne , M. , Moore , D.B. , Hyndman , M. and O'Connell , T. 1995 . Family Group Conferencing: A Training Manual 75 Bondi Beach, , AUS : Transformative Justice .
  • Moore , D.B. 1997 . “ Pride, Shame and Empathy in Peer Relations: New Theory and Practice in Education and Juvenile Justice ” . In Children′s Peer Relations Edited by: Rigby , K. and Shee , P. London, UK : Routledge .
  • Moore , D.B. 1996 . “ Shame, Forgiveness, Juvenile Justice ” . In Justice, Crime and Ethics , 2 Edited by: Brawwell , M.C. , McCarthy , B.R. and McCarthy , B.J. 261 – 198 . Cincinnati, OH : Anerison Publishing .
  • Morris , A. and Maxwell , G. “ Restorative Justice in New Zealand: Family Group Conferences as a Case Study ” . In Western Criminology Review [Online].Available:http://wcr.sonoma.edu/vlnl/morris.html. (accessed 1998)
  • Putnam , R. 2000 . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Real Justice. In the Real Justice Forum: a conferencing and restorative practices newsletter, 2000, issue 9
  • Rice , T. and Sumberg , A. 2001 . “ Civic Culture and Government Performance in the American States ” . In The Lanahan Readings in State and Local Government Edited by: Baker , J. Baltimore, MD : Lanahan Publishers .
  • Sabatino , J. 1998 . ADR as Litigation Lite: Procedural and Evidentiary Norms Embedded within Alternative Dispute Resolution . Emory Law Journal , 47 ( 4 ) : 1290 – 1349 .
  • Sharkansky , I. 1969 . The Utility of Elazar's Political Culture . Polity , 2 : 66 – 83 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1996a . Restorative Justice Through Mediation: The Impact of Offenders Facing their Victims in Oakland . Law and Social Work , : 13
  • Umbreit , M. 1996b . “ Restorative Justice Through Mediation: The Impact of Programs in Four Canadian Provinces ” . In Restorative Justice: International Perspectives Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. 373 – 386 . Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Umbreit , M. 1995 . The Development and Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation in the United States . Mediation Quarterly , 12 ( 3 ) : 63 – 276 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1994 . Crime Victims Confront Their Offenders: The Impact of a Minneapolis Mediation Program . Journal of Research on Social Work Practice , 4 ( 4 ) : 436 – 447 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1994 . Victim Meets Offender: The Impact of Restorative Justice and Mediation 256 Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Umbreit , M. 1993 . Juvenile Offenders Meet Their Victims: The Impact of Mediation in Albuquerque, New Mexico . Family and Conciliation Courts Review , 31 ( 1 ) : 90 – 100 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1992 . “ Mediating Victim-Offender Conflict: From Single-Site Analysis to Multi-Site Analysis in the U.S. ” . In Restorative Justice on Trial: Pitfalls and Potentials of Victim-Offender Mediation – International Research Perspectives Edited by: Messmer , H. and Otto , H.-U. 431 – 444 . Dordrecht, NETH : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
  • Umbreit , M. 1991 . Having Offenders Meet with their Victims Offers Benefits for Both Parties . Corrections Today , 53 ( 4 ) : 164 – 166 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1990 . “ The Meaning of Fairness to Burglary Victims ” . In Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Umbreit , M. 1989 . Crime Victims Seeking Fairness, Not Revenge: Towards Restorative Justice . Federal Probation , 53 ( 3 ) : 52 – 57 .
  • Umbreit , M. 1988 . “ Victim Understanding of Fairness: Burglary Victims in Victim-Offender Mediation ” . In Citizens Council on Crime and Justice Minneapolis MN, Minnesota
  • Umbreit , M. 1985 . “ Victim Offender Mediation: Conflict Resolution and Restitution, PACT ” . 85 Valparaiso : Institute of Justice .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1993 . Cross-Site Analysis of Victim-Offender Mediation in Four States . Crime and Delinquency , 39 ( 4 ) : 565 – 585 .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1992a . The Impact of Mediating Victim Offender Conflict: An Analysis of Programs in Three States . Juvenile and Family Court Journal , 43 ( 1 ) : 21 – 28 .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1992b . “ Victim Offender Mediation: A Review of the Research in the United States ” . In Making Amends: Mediation and Reparation in Criminal Justice Edited by: Davis , G. 190 – 199 . London, , UK : Routledge .
  • Umbreit , M. and Coates , R. 1992c . Victim Offender Mediation: An Analysis of Programs in Four States of the U.S. 214 Minneapolis, MN : Minnesota Citizens Council on Crime and Justice .
  • Umbreit , M. and Roberts , A. 1996 . Mediation of Criminal Conflict in England: An Assessment of Services in Coventry and Leeds 92 St. Paul, MN : Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation, University of Minnesota .
  • Umbreit , M. Stacey? Family Group Conferencing Comes to the U.S.: A Comparison with Victim Offender Mediation . The Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation . pp. 15 St. Paul, MN : University of Minnesota .
  • Umbreit , M. , Coates , R. , Kalanj , B. , Lipkin , R. and Petros , G. 1995 . “ Executive Summary Report ” . In Mediation of Criminal Conflict: An Assessment of Programs in Four Canadian Provinces 23 St. Paul, MN : The Center for Restorative Justice and mediation, University of Minnesota .
  • Van Ness , D. 1990a . “ Restorative Justice ” . In Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation Edited by: Galaway , B. and Hudson , J. 7 – 14 . Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
  • Van Ness , D. 1990b . Restoring the Balance: Tipping the Scales of Justice . Corrections Today , 52 ( 1 ) : 62 64–66
  • Van Ness , D. 1989 . “ Pursuing a Restorative Vision of Justice ” . In Justice: The Restorative Vision Edited by: Arthur , P. 17 – 30 . Akron, PA : Mennonite Central Committee Office of Criminal Justice .
  • Van Ness , D. and Heetderks , K. 1997 . Restoring Justice 228 Cincinnati, OH : Anderson Publishing Company .
  • 2001 . “ VOMA (Victim Offender Mediation Association) ” . In 2001 Membership Directory Minneapolis, MN : Center for Policy, Planning, and Performance .
  • Walgrave , L. 1995 . Restorative Justice for Juveniles: Just a Technique or a Fully Fledged Alternative? . Howard Journal of Criminal Justice , 34 ( 3 ) : 228 – 249 .
  • Walgrave , L. 1994 . In Search of a Constructive Alternative in the Judicial Response to Juvenile Crime . European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research , 2 ( 2 ) : 57 – 75 .

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