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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology Volume 4, 1999 - Issue 2
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Research Article

Adsorption of Benzalkonium Chloride by Filter Membranes: Mechanisms and Effect of Formulation and Processing Parameters

Tao Bin Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, U.S.A.
,
Alok K. Kulshreshtha Alcon Laboratories, 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, Texas, 76134, U.S.A.
,
Ragheb Al-Shakhshir Alcon Laboratories, 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, Texas, 76134, U.S.A.
&
Stanley L. Hem Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, U.S.A.
Pages 151-165 | Received 29 Jan 1998, Accepted 13 Jul 1998, Published online: 22 Apr 1999

REFERENCES

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  • Van Ooteghem M., Herbots H. The adsorption of preservatives on membrane filters. Pharm. Acta Helv. 1969; 44: 602–610
  • Naido N. T., Price C. H., McCarthy T. J. Adsorption of benzalkonium chloride onto different filter media during bacteriological filtration. Pharm. Weekbl. 1971; 106: 509–514
  • Naido N. T., Price C. H., McCarthy T. J. Preservative loss from ophthalmic solutions during filtration sterilization. Aust. J. Pharm. Sci., NSI 1972, 1: 16–18
  • Guilfoyle D. E., Roos R., Carito S. L. An evaluation of preservative adsorption onto nylon membrane filters. J. Parenter. Sci. Technol. 1990; 44(6)314–319
  • Brose D. J., Henricksen G. A quantitative analysis of preservative adsorption on microfiltration membranes. Pharm. Technol. March, 1994; 64–72
  • Merck Index. Merck Research Laboratories, Whitehouse Station, NJ 1996; 177
  • Halls N. A. Achieving Sterility in Medical and Pharmaceutical Products. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 1994; 168–170
  • Srinivasan R., Ruckenstein E. Role of physical forces in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Sep. Purif. Methods 1980; 9: 267–370
  • Al-Shakhshir R. H., Regnier F. E., White J. L., Hem S. L. Contribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to the adsorption of proteins by aluminum-containing adjuvants. Vaccine 1995; 12(1)41–44
  • Ding S., Pallo R. J., Tien W. L., Olejnik O. Method for reducing filtrate waste in a manufacturing process of a pharmaceutical product containing benzalkonium chloride. U.S. Patent 5,550,163, August 27, 1996

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