Canola Takes Up More Cadmium and Phosphorus from Soil Than Spring Wheat

REFERENCES

• Anderson , W. K. , Hoyle , F. C. , Armstrong , L. and Shackley , B. J. 2000 . “ Crop management ” . In The wheat book: Principles and practice , Edited by: Anderson , W. K. and Garlinge , J. R. 131 – 163 . South Perth, Western Australia : Agriculture Western Australia . Bull. 4443
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , A. 1977 . Heavy metals in Swedish soils: On their retention, distribution and amounts . Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research , 6 : 27 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1977 . Technicon industrial systems. , Tarrytown, NY : Technicon. .
   Google Scholar
• Barrow , N. J. 1975 . The response to phosphate of two annual pasture species. 1. Effect of the soil's ability to adsorb phosphate on comparative phosphate requirement . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 26 : 137 – 153 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Barrow , N. J. 1985 . Comparing the effectiveness of fertilizers . Fertilizer Research , 8 : 85 – 90 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Barrow , N. J. and Campbell , N. A. 1972 . Methods of measuring the residual value of fertilizers . Australian Journal Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry , 12 : 502 – 510 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Barrow , N. J. and Mendoza , R. E. 1990 . Equations for describing sigmoid yield responses and their application to some phosphate responses by lupins and subterranean clover . Fertilizer Research , 22 : 181 – 188 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bolland , M. D. A. 1997 . Comparative phosphorus requirement of canola (Brassica napus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 20 : 813 – 829 .
   Google Scholar
• Bolland , M. D. A. and Gilkes , R. J. 1995 . Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with TSP . Fertilizer Research , 41 : 151 – 158 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bolland , M. D. A. , Weatherley , A. J. and Gilkes , R. J. 1988 . Residual effectiveness of superphosphate is greater than that of rock phosphate fertilizers for lateritic soils in south-western Australia . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 28 : 83 – 90 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bolland , M. D. A. , Weatherley , A. J. and Gilkes , R. J. 1989 . The long-term residual value of rock phosphate and superphosphate fertilizers for various plant species under field conditions . Fertilizer Research , 20 : 89 – 100 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bolland , M. D. A. , Weatherley , A. J. , Gilkes , R. J. and Bowden , J. W. 1986 . Granular reactive apatite rock phosphate is not an effective phosphorus fertilizer in the short term on lateritic soils in south-western Australia . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 26 : 217 – 225 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bowden , J. W. and Bennett , D. 1974 . The “Decide” model for predicting superphosphate requirements . Proceedings of phosphorus in agriculture symposium . 1974 , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria. Australian Institute of Agricultural Science .
   Google Scholar
• Bowden , J. W. , Shedley , C. and Burgess , S. J. 1993 . Soil test and phosphorus rate , South Perth, Western Australia : Western Australian Department of Agriculture . Technote No. 5/93
   Google Scholar
• Brennan , R. F. and Bolland , M. D. A. 2001 . Comparing fertilizer phosphorus requirements of canola, lupin and wheat . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 24 : 1885 – 1900 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Brennan , R. F. and Bolland , M. D. A. 2002 . Lupinus luteus cv. Wodjil takes up more phosphorus and cadmium than Lupinus angustifolius cv. Kalya . Plant and Soil , 248 : 167 – 185 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Brewster , J. L. , Bhat , K. S. and Nye , P. H. 1976 . The possibility of predicting solute uptake and plant growth response from independently measured soil and plant characteristics. IV. The growth and uptake of rape in solutions of different phosphorus concentrations . Plant and Soil. , 44 : 279 – 293 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Carmody , P. 1999 . “ Seeding rates, depth and row spacing ” . In Crop establishment: Growing golden canola , Edited by: Carmody , P. South Perth, Western Australia : Agriculture Western Australia . Bull. 4360
   Google Scholar
• Colwell , J. D. 1963 . The estimation of phosphorus fertilizer requirements of wheat in southern New South Wales by soil analysis . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Animal Husbandry , 3 : 190 – 197 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Day , P. R. 1965 . “ Particle fractionation and particle size analysis ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1 , Edited by: Black , C. A. 545 – 567 . Madison, Wisconsin : American Soil Science Society . Agronomy Monograph No. 9
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , N. K. 1998 . “ Potassium ” . In Soilguide: A handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils , Edited by: Moore , G. 176 – 180 . South Perth, Western Australia : Agriculture Western Australia . Bullettin 4343
   Google Scholar
• Foehse , D. and Jungk , A. 1983 . Influence of phosphate and nitrate supply on root hair formation of rape, spinach, and tomato plants . Plant and Soil. , 74 : 359 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Garlinge , J. and Robartson , D. 2000 . The crop variety sowing guide , South Perth, Western Australia : Western Australian Department of Agriculture . Bull. 4372
   Google Scholar
• Gray , C. W. , McLaren , R. G. , Roberts , A. H. C. and Condron , L. M. 1999 . The effect of long term phosphatic fertiliser applications on the amounts and forms of cadmium in soils under pasture in New Zealand . Nutrient Cycling in Agro-Ecosystems , 54 : 267 – 277 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hoffland , E. , Findenegg , G. R. and Nelemans , J. A. 1989a . Solubilization of rock phosphate by rape. I. Evaluation of the role of the nutrient uptake pattern . Plant and Soil. , 113 : 155 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffland , E. , Findenegg , G. R. and Nelemans , J. A. 1989b . Solubilization of rock phosphate by rape. II. Local root exudation of organic acids as a response to P starvation . Plant and Soil. , 113 : 161 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Loganathan , P. , Mackay , A. D. , Lee , J. and Hedley , M. J. 1995 . Cadmium distribution in hills pasture by 20 years of phosphate fertilizer application and sheep grazing . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 33 : 859 – 871 .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , M. G. 1998 . “ Nitrogen ” . In Soilguide: A handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils , Edited by: Moore , G. 164 – 167 . South Perth, Western Australia : Agriculture Western Australia . Bullettin 4343
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie , H. A. and Wallace , H. S. 1954 . Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen . Australian Journal of Chemistry , 7 : 55 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , M. J. , Tiller , K. G. , Naidu , R. and Steven , D. P. 1996 . Review: The behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 34 : 1 – 54 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• McQuaker , N. R. , Brown , D. F. and Kluckner , P. D. 1979 . Digestion of environmental materials for analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry . Analytical Chemistry , 51 : 1082 – 1084 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Merry , R. H. 1988 . Investigations on cadmium in South Australia: Rainfall, soils, pastures and soil-plant relations. Cadmium accumulations in Australian agriculture . Bureau Rural Resource Proceeding , 2 : 62 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Merry , R. H. and Tiller , K. G. Distribution of cadmium and lead in an agricultural region near Adelaide, South Australia . Water, Air and Soil Pollution. , 57–58 171 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Moorby , H. , White , R. E. and Nye , P. H. The influence of phosphate nutrition on hydrogen ion efflux from the roots of young rape plants . Plant and Soil , 105 247 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Nelder , J. A. and Mead , R. 1965 . A simplex method for function minimization . Computer Journal , 7 : 308 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Ozanne , P. G. and Shaw , T. C. 1968 . “ Advantages of the recently developed phosphate sorption test over the older extractant methods for soil phosphate ” . In Transaction of the 9th International Congress of Soil Science , Volume 2 , Adelaide, , Australia : International Society of Soil Science .
   Google Scholar
• Pearse , J. " Cadmium ." Some aspects of risk reduction. Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment-nr 1996/32. , Zoettermeer, Veiligheid, Straling, The Netherlands, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Rayment , G. E. and Higginson , F. R. 1992 . Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods , Melbourne, Australia : Inkata Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rothbaum , H. P. , Goguel , R. L. , Johston , A. E. and Mattingly , G. E. G. 1986 . Cadmium accumulation in soils from long continued application of superphosphate . Journal of Soil Science , 37 : 99 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , B. R. 1994 . Trace element availability to plants in agricultural soils, with special emphasis on fertilizer inputs . Environmental Review , 2 : 133 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Soil Survey Staff . 1987 . Keys to soil taxonomy , Ithaca, NY : Soil Management Support Services . SMSS Technical Monograph No. 6
   Google Scholar
• Tiller , K. J. G. and de Vries , M. P. C. Contamination of soils and vegetables near the lead-zinc smelter, Port Pirie, by cadmium, lead and zinc . Search. , 8 78 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkley , A. 1940 . The zinc content of some Australian fertilizers . Australian Journal of Counc. Science Industrial Research , 13 : 225 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkley , A. and Black , I. A. 1934 . An examination of the Degtjarreff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method . Soil Science , 37 : 29 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , C. H. and David , D. J. 1973 . The effect of superphosphate on the cadmium content of soils and plants . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 11 : 43 – 56 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Williams , C. H. and David , D. J. 1976 . The accumulation in soil of cadmium residues from phosphate fertilizers and the effect on the cadmium content of plants . Soil Sci. , 121 : 86 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Yuen , S. H. and Pollard , A. G. 1954 . Determination of nitrogen in agricultural materials by the Nessler reagent. II. Micro-determinations in plant tissue and soil extracts . Journal of Science Food Agriculture , 5 : 364 – 369 .
   Google Scholar