References
- Zhou Y, Damsky C H, Fisher S J. Preeclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype. One cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome?. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2152–2164
- Roberts J M, Taylor R N, Musci T J, Rodgers G M, Hubel C A, McLaughlin M K. Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1200–1204
- Redman C W, Sacks G P, Sargent I L. Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180: 499–506
- Fiorentino D F, Bond M W, Mosmann T R. Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. J Exp Med 1989; 170: 2081–2095
- Roth I, Corry D B, Locksley R M, Abrams J S, Litton M J, Fisher S J. Human placental cytotrophoblasts produce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 539–548
- de Waal Malefyt R, Abrams J, Bennett B, Figdor C G, de Vries J E. Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL‐10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 1209–1220
- Mosmann T R, Coffman R L. TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol 1989; 7: 145–173
- Rijhsinghani A G, Thompson K, Tygrette L, Bhatia S K. Inhibition of interleukin‐10 during pregnancy results in neonatal growth retardation. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 37: 232–235
- Chaouat G, Assal Meliani A, Martal J, Raghupathy R, Elliot J, Mosmann T, Wegman T G. IL‐10 prevents naturally occurring fetal loss in the CBA×DBA/2 mating combination, and local defect in IL‐10 production in this abortion‐prone combination is corrected by in vivo injection of IFN‐tau. J Immunol 1995; 154: 4261–4268
- Hashii K, Fujiwara H, Yoshioka S, Kataoka N, Yamada S, Hirano T, Mori T, Fujii S, Maeda M. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulate progesterone production by luteal cells derived from pregnant and non‐pregnant women: possible involvement of interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 in corpus luteum function and differentiation. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 2738–2744
- Moreau P, Adrian‐Cabestre F, Menier C, Guiard V, Gourand L, Dausset J, Carosella E D, Paul P. IL‐10 selectively induces HLA‐G expression in human trophoblasts and monocytes. Int Immunol 1999; 11: 803–811
- Hennessy A, Pilmore H L, Simmons L A, Painter D M. A deficiency of placental IL‐10 in preeclampsia. J Immunol 1999; 163: 3491–3495
- Conrad K P, Benyo D F. Placental cytokines and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 37: 240–249
- Hamai Y, Fujii T, Yamashita T, Nishina H, Kozuma S, Mikami Y, Taketani Y. Evidence for an elevation in serum interleukin‐2 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels before the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 38: 89–93
- Marzi M, Vigano A, Trabattoni D, Villa M L, Salvaggio A, Clerici E, Clerici M. Characterization of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production profile in physiologic and pathologic human pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 106: 127–133
- Piccinni M P, Giudizi M G, Biagiotti R, Beloni L, Giannarini L, Sampognaro S, Parronchi P, Manetti R, Annunziato F, Livi C, Romagnani S, Maggi E. Progesterone favors the development of human T helper cells producing Th2‐type cytokines and promotes both IL‐4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones. J Immunol 1995; 155: 128–133
- Walsh S W. Progesterone and estradiol production by normal and preeclamptic placentas. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71: 222–226
- Darmochwal‐Kolarz D, Leszczynska‐Gorzelak B, Rolinski J, Oleszczuk J. T helper 1‐ and T helper 2‐type cytokine imbalance in pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999; 86: 165–170
- Saito S, Umekage H, Sakamoto Y, Sakai M, Tanebe K, Sasaki Y, Morikawa H. Increased T‐helper‐1‐type immunity and decreased T‐helper‐2‐type immunity in patients with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41: 297–306
- Schiff E, Friedman S A, Baumann P, Sibai B M, Romero R. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in pregnancies associated with preeclampsia or small‐for‐gestational‐age newborns. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1224–1229