Effects of Maternally Administered Dexamethasone and Acute Hypoxemia at 0.7 Gestation on Blood Pressure and Placental Perfusion in Sheep

References

• National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Antenatal corticosteroids revisited: repeat courses. NIH Consens Statement 2000; 17(2)1–18, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. NIH Consens Statement 1994; 12(2)1–24, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Clarke K A, Ward J W, Forhead A J, Giussani D A, Fowden A L. Regulation of 11 beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in ovine placenta by fetal cortisol. J Endocrinol 2002; 172(3)527–534, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Forhead A J, Fowden A L. Effects of thyroid hormones on pulmonary and renal angiotensin‐converting enzyme concentrations in fetal sheep near term. J Endocrinol 2002; 173(1)143–150, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Fencl M D, Stillman R J, Cohen J, Tulchinsky D. Direct evidence of sudden rise in fetal corticoids late in human gestation. Nature 1980; 287: 225–226, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magyar D M, Fridshal D, Elsner C W, Glatz T, Eliot J, Klein A H, Lowe K C, Buster J E, Nathanielsz P W. Time‐trend analysis of plasma cortisol concentrations in the fetal sheep in relation to parturition. Endocrinology 1980; 107: 155–159, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Walfisch A, Hallak M, Mazor M. Multiple courses of antenatal steroids: risks and benefits. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98(3)491–497, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Crowley P. Antenatal corticosteroid therapy: a meta‐analysis of the randomized trials, 1972 to 1994. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 322–335, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith L M, Qureshi N, Chao C R. Effects of single and multiple courses of antenatal glucocorticoids in preterm newborns less than 30 weeks' gestation. J Matern‐Fetal Med 2000; 9(2)131–135, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Merrill J D, Ballard R A. Clinical use of antenatal corticosteroids: benefits and risks. Pediatr Rev 2000; 1(5)E91–E98, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Rehan V K. Antenatal steroids: miracle drug for preemies. Indian J Pediatr 1996; 63(5)599–608, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Reinisch J M, Simon N G, Karow W G, Gandelman R. Prenatal exposure to prednisone in humans and animals retards intrauterine growth. Science 1978; 202(4366)436–438, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobe A H, Wada N, Berry L M, Ikegami M, Ervin M G. Single and repetitive maternal glucocorticoid exposures reduce fetal growth in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178(5)880–885, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart J D, Gonzalez C L, Christensen H D, Rayburn W F. Impact of multiple antenatal doses of betamethasone on growth and development of mice offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177(5)1138–1144, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Dunlop S A, Archer M A, Quinlivan J A, Beazley L D, Newnham J P. Repeated prenatal corticosteroids delay myelination in the ovine central nervous system. J Matern‐Fetal Med 1997; 6(6)309–313, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Uno H, Eisele S, Sakai A, Shelton S, Baker E, DeJesus O, Holden J. Neurotoxicity of glucocorticoids in the primate brain. Horm Behav 1994; 28(4)336–348, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benediktsson R, Lindsay R S, Noble J, Seckl J R, Edwards C R. Glucocorticoid exposure in utero: new model for adult hypertension. Lancet 1993; 341(8841)339–341, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos R Q, Seidler F J, Slotkin T A. Fetal dexamethasone exposure alters macromolecular characteristics of rat brain development: a critical period for regionally selective alterations?. Teratology 1992; 46(1)45–59, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Uno H, Lohmiller L, Thieme C, Kemnitz J W, Engle M J, Roecker E B, Farrell P M. Brain damage induced by prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in fetal rhesus macaques. I. Hippocampus. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1990; 53(2)157–167, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bohn M C, Friedrich V L, Jr. Recovery of myelination in rat optic nerve after developmental retardation by cortisol. J Neurosci 1982; 2(9)1292–1298, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Mosier H D, Jr., Dearden L C, Jansons R A, Roberts R C, Biggs C S. Disproportionate growth of organs and body weight following glucocorticoid treatment of the rat fetus. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1982; 4(1–2)89–105, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Howard E. Reductions in size and total DNA of cerebrum and cerebellum in adult mice after corticosterone treatment in infancy. Exp Neurol 1968; 22(2)191–208, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Anwar M A, Schwab M, Poston L, Nathanielsz P W. Betamethasone‐mediated vascular dysfunction and changes in hematological profile in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(4 Pt 2)H1137–H1143, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Derks J B, Giussani D A, Jenkins S L, Wentworth R A, Visser G HA, Padbury J F, Nathanielsz P W. A comparative study of cardiovascular, endocrine and behavioural effects of betamethasone and dexamethasone administration to fetal sheep. J Physiol (Lond) 1997; 499: 217–226
   Google Scholar
• Koenen S V, Mecenas C A, Smith G S, Jenkins S, Nathanielsz P W. Effects of maternal betamethasone administration on fetal and maternal blood pressure and heart rate in the baboon at 0.7 of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: 812–817, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ervin M G, Padbury J F, Polk D H, Ikegami M, Berry L M, Jobe A H. Antenatal glucocorticoids alter premature newborn lamb neuroendocrine and endocrine responses to hypoxia. Am J Physiol, Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 279(3)R830–R838, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Matthews S G. Antenatal glucocorticoids and programming of the developing CNS. Pediatr Res 2000; 47(3)291–300, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Giussani D A, McGarrigle H HG, Moore P J, Bennet L, Spencer J AD, Hanson M A. Carotid sinus nerve section and the increase in plasma cortisol during acute hypoxia in fetal sheep. J Physiol (Lond) 1994; 477: 75–80, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Giussani D A, Spencer J A, Moore P J, Bennet L, Hanson M A. Afferent and efferent components of the cardiovascular reflex responses to acute hypoxia in term fetal sheep. J Physiol 1993; 461: 431–449, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akagi K, Challis J R. Relationship between blood gas values and hormonal response to acute hypoxemia in fetal sheep. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990; 30(2)65–70, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Iwamoto H S, Kaufman T, Keil L C, Rudolph A M. Responses to acute hypoxemia in fetal sheep at 0.6–0.7 gestation. Am J Physiol 1989; 256(3 Pt 2)H613–H620, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Walker A M, Cannata J P, Dowling M H, Ritchie B C, Maloney J E. Age‐dependent pattern of autonomic heart rate control during hypoxia in fetal and newborn lambs. Biol Neonate 1979; 35(3–4)198–208, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Rudolph A M, Heymann M A. The circulation of the fetus in utero. Methods for studying distribution of blood flow, cardiac output and organ blood flow. Circ Res 1967; 21(2)163–184, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Brooks A N, Currie I S, Gibson F, Thomas G B. Neuroendocrine regulation of sheep fetuses. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1992; 45: 69–84, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Unno N, Wong C H, Jenkins S L, Wentworth R A, Ding X Y, Li C, Robertson S S, Smotherman W P, Nathanielsz P W. Blood pressure and heart rate in the ovine fetus: ontogenic changes and effects of fetal adrenalectomy. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(1 Pt 2)H248–H256, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Docherty C C, Kalmar‐Nagy J, Engelen M, Nathanielsz P W. Development of fetal vascular responses to endothelin‐1 and acetylcholine in the sheep. Am J Physiol, Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 280(2)R554–R562
   Google Scholar
• Docherty C C, Kalmar‐Nagy J, Engelen M, Koenen S V, Nijland M, Kuc R E, Davenport A P, Nathanielsz P W. Effect of in vivo fetal infusion of dexamethasone at 0.75 GA on fetal ovine resistance artery responses to ET‐1. Am J Physiol, Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281(1)R261–R268
   Google Scholar
• Molnar J, Nijland M J, Howe D C, Nathanielsz P W. Evidence for microvascular dysfunction after prenatal dexamethasone at 0.7, 0.75, and 0.8 gestation in sheep. Am J Physiol, Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 283: R561–R567
   Google Scholar
• Giussani D A, Gardner D S, Cox D T, Fletcher A J. Purinergic contribution to circulatory, metabolic, and adrenergic responses to acute hypoxemia in fetal sheep. Am J Physiol, Regul Integ Comp Physiol 2001; 280: R678–R685
   Google Scholar
• Bennet L, Kozuma S, McGarrigle H H, Hanson M A. Temporal changes in fetal cardiovascular, behavioural, metabolic and endocrine responses to maternally administered dexamethasone in the late gestation fetal sheep. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106(4)331–339, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Whitworth J A, Schyvens C G, Zhang Y, Mangos G J, Kelly J J. Glucocorticoid‐induced hypertension: from mouse to man. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001; 28(12)993–996, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Sudhir K, Jennings G L, Esler M D, Korner P I, Blombery P A, Lambert G W, Scoggins B, Whitworth J A. Hydrocortisone‐induced hypertension in humans: pressor responsiveness and sympathetic function. Hypertension 1989; 13(5)416–421, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Fraser T B, Turner S W, Wen C, Li M, Burrell L M, Whitworth J A. Vasopressin V1a receptor antagonism does not reverse adrenocorticotrophin‐induced hypertension in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2000; 27(11)866–870, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser T B, Mangos G J, Turner S W, Whitworth J A. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone‐induced hypertension in the rat: effects of the endothelin antagonist bosentan. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999; 26(8)628–633, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangos G J, Turner S W, Fraser T B, Whitworth J A. The role of corticosterone in corticotrophin (ACTH)‐induced hypertension in the rat. J Hypertens 2000; 18(12)1849–1855, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Kelly J J, Williamson P, Martin A, Whitworth J A. Effects of oral l‐arginine on plasma nitrate and blood pressure in cortisol‐treated humans. J Hypertens 2001; 19(2)263–268, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Kelly J J, Tam S H, Williamson P M, Lawson J, Whitworth J A. The nitric oxide system and cortisol‐induced hypertension in humans. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998; 25(11)945–946, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Greiss F C, Jr., Anderson S G, King L C. Uterine vascular bed: effects of acute hypoxia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 113(8)1057–1064, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Kitanaka T, Gilbert R D, Longo L D. Maternal responses to long‐term hypoxemia in sheep. Am J Physiol 1989; 256(6 Pt 2)R1340–R1347, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Green L R, McGarrigle H H, Bennet L, Hanson M A. Angiotensin II and cardiovascular chemoreflex responses to acute hypoxia in late gestation fetal sheep. J Physiol 1998; 50: 857–867, [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• LaGamma E F, Itskovitz J, Rudolph A M. Effects of naloxone on fetal circulatory responses to hypoxemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 143(8)933–940, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Mathur H, Brown B L, Krane E J, Thomas A L, Nathanielsz P W. Thyroid hormone relationships in the fetal and newborn lamb. Biol Neonate 1980; 37(3–4)138–141, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Fowden A L, Li J, Forhead A J. Glucocorticoids and the preparation for life after birth: are there long‐term consequences of the life insurance?. Proc Nutr Soc 1998; 57(1)113–122, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Cohlen B J, Stigter R H, Derks J B, Mulder E J, Visser G H. Absence of significant hemodynamic changes in the fetus following maternal betamethasone administration. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 8(4)252–255, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Piazze J, Anceschi M, La Torre R, Amici F, Maranghi L, Cosmi E V. Effect of antenatal betamethasone therapy on maternal–fetal Doppler velocimetry. Early Hum Dev 2001; 60(3)225–232, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senat M V, Ville Y. Effect of steroids on arterial Doppler in intrauterine growth retardation fetuses. Fetal Diagn Ther 2000; 15(1)36–40, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace E M, Baker L S. Effect of antenatal betamethasone administration on placental vascular resistance. Lancet 1999; 353(9162)1404–1407, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan S L, Lewis B V. Maternal placental and myometrial blood flow in the pregnant rabbit. J Physiol 1969; 202(2)471–481, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Cohn H E, Jackson B T, Piasecki G J, Cohen W R, Novy M J. Fetal cardiovascular responses to asphyxia induced by decreased uterine perfusion. J Dev Physiol 1985; 7(5)289–297, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Paulick R P, Meyers R L, Rudolph C D, Rudolph A M. Venous responses to hypoxemia in the fetal lamb. J Dev Physiol 1990; 14(2)81–88, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Block B S, Schlafer D H, Wentworth R A, Kreitzer L A, Nathanielsz P W. Intrauterine asphyxia and the breakdown of physiologic circulatory compensation in fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162(5)1325–1331, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar