Effect of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Acrylic Impact Modifier on Mechanical Properties and Processability of Unplasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites

REFERENCES

• Nabi Saheb , D. ; Jog , J.P. Natural fibre polymer composites: A review . Adv. polym. Technol . 1999 , 18 , 351 – 363 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozman , H.D. ; Tay , G.S. ; Kumar , R.N. ; Abusamah , A. ; Ismail , H.D. ; Mohd Ishak , Z.A. The effect of oil extraction of the oil palm empty fruit bunch on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-oil palm empty fruit bunch-glass hybrid composites . Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2001 , 40 ( 2 ), 103 – 115 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul Khalil , H.P.S. ; Ismail , H. ; Ahmad , M.N. ; Ariffin , A. ; Hassan , K. The effect of various anhydride modifications on mechanical properties and water absorption of oil palm empty fruit bunches reinforced polyester composites . Polym. Inter . 2001 , 50 , 395 – 402 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohd Ishak , Z.A. ; Aminullah , A. ; Ismail , H. ; Rozman , H.D. Effect of silane-based coupling agents and acrylic acid based compatibilizers on mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch filled high-density polyethylene composites . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998 , 68 ( 13 ), 2189 – 2203 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinovic , I.S. The acrylic weatherable impact modifier for PVC . J. Vinyl Technol . 1983 , 5 ( 4 ), 179 – 182 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , T. Evaluation of PVC compound on the Brabender Torque Rheometer . J. Vinyl Technol . 1982 , 4 ( 3 ), 110 – 114 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Robinovitch , E.B. ; Lacatus , E. ; Summers , J.W. The lubrication mechanism of calcium sterate/paraffin wax system in PVC compounds . J. Vinyl Technol. 1984 , 6 ( 3 ), 98 – 103 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Chen , C.H. ; Wesson R.D. ; Collier , J.R. ; Lo , Y.W. Studies of rigid PVC compounds IV: Fusion characteristics and morphology analyses . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995 , 58 , 1107 – 1115 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogswell , F.N. ; Player , J.M. ; Young , R.C. Influence of processing aids on the extensibilty of PVC melts . Plast. and Rubber Process . 1984 , 128 – 132 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Krzewki , R.J. ; Collins , E.A. Rheology of PVC compounds 1. Effects of processing variables on fusion . J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. 1981 , B20 ( 4 ), 443 – 464 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin , P. Quality and quality control of unplasticised poly(vinyl chloride) pressure pipes . Plast. and Rubber: Mat. and Appl. 1980 , 151 – 160 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Schramm , G. The fusion rate of rigid PVC dry blend . Inter. Plast. Eng. 1965 , 1 – 7 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hassan , A. ; Kannan , S.K. The Effect of Rice Husk Ash Fillers on Processability of ABS Impact Modified PVC-U . Proceedings of the 3rd National Symposium on Polymeric Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia , Dec. 30–31 , 2002 ; Hassan , A. ; Wan Aizan , A.R. ; Hashim , S. ; Rahmat , R. UTM : Johor , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Rozman , H.D. ; Peng , G.B. ; Mohd Ishak , Z.A. The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998 , 70 , 2647 – 2655 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail , H. ; Mega , L. The effect of compatibilizer and silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of white rice husk ash filled polypropylene/natural rubber blend . Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2001 , 40 ( 4 ), 463 – 478 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan , A. ; Kannan , S.K. Effect of titanate, zirconate and silane coupling agents in rice husk ash filled PVC-U composite . J. Inst. Mater. Malaysia 2001 , 2 ( 2 ), 31 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Deanin , R.D. ; Chuang , W.Z.L. ABS and CPE modifiers in rigid PVC . ANTEC 1986 , 1239 – 1240 .
   Google Scholar
• Lutz , J.T. Impact modifier for PVC . J. Vinyl Technol . 1993 , 15 ( 2 ), 82 – 98 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar