71
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

ANTAGONIST AND AGONIST ACTIVITIES OF THE MOUSE AGOUTI PROTEIN FRAGMENT (91–131) AT THE MELANOCORTIN-1 RECEPTOR

, , , , &
Pages 25-45 | Published online: 28 Feb 2001

REFERENCES

  • Jackson I. J. Molecular Genetics. Colour-Coded Switches. Nature 1993; 362: 587–588
  • Mountjoy K. G., Robbins L. S., Mortrud M. T., Cone R. D. The Cloning of a Family of Genes that Encode the Melanocortin Receptors. Science 1992; 257: 1248–1251
  • Chhajlani V., Wikberg J. E. Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Human Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett. 1992; 309: 417–420
  • Bultman S. J., Michaud E. J., Woychik R. P. Molecular Characterization of the Mouse Agouti Locus. Cell 1992; 71: 1195–1204
  • Miller M. W., Duhl D. M., Vrieling H., Cordes S. P., Ollmann M. M., Winkes B. M., Barsh G. S. Cloning of the Mouse Agouti Gene Predicts a Secreted Protein Ubiquitously Expressed in Mice Carrying the Lethal Yellow Mutation. Genes Dev. 1993; 7: 454–467
  • Duhl D. M.J., Vrieling H., Miller K. A., Wolff G. L., Barsh G. S. Neomorphic agouti Mutations in Obese Yellow Mice. Nat. Genet. 1994; 8: 59–65
  • Siracusa L. D. The Agouti Gene: Turned on to Yellow. Trends Genet. 1994; 10: 423–428
  • Lu D., Willard D., Patel I. R., Kadwell S., Overton L., Kost T., Luther M., Chen W., Woychik R. P., Wilkison W. O., Cone R. D. Agouti Protein is an Antagonist of the Melanocyte-Stimulating-Hormone Receptor. Nature 1994; 371: 799–802
  • Blanchard S. G., Harris C. O., Ittoop O. R., Nichols J. S., Parks D. J., Truesdale A. T., Wilkison W. O. Agouti Antagonism of Melanocortin Binding and Action in the B16F10 Murine Melanoma Cell Line. Biochemistry 1995; 34: 10406–10411
  • Yang Y. K., Ollmann M. M., Wilson B. D., Dickinson C., Yamada T., Barsh G. S., Gantz I. Effects of Recombinant Agouti-signaling Protein on Melanocortin Action. Mol. Endocrinol. 1997; 11: 274–280
  • Siegrist W., Willard D. H., Wilkison W. O., Eberle A. N. Agouti Protein Inhibits Growth of B16 Melanoma Cells In Vitro by Acting Through Melanocortin Receptors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996; 218: 171–175
  • Siegrist W., Drozdz R., Cotti R., Willard D. H., Wilkison W. O., Eberle A. N. Interactions of α-Melanotropin and Agouti on B16 Melanoma Cells: Evidence for Inverse Agonism of Agouti. J. Recept. Signal Transd. Res. 1997; 17: 75–98
  • Willard D. H., Bodnar W., Harris C., Kiefer L., Nichols J. S., Blanchard S., Hoffman C., Moyer M., Burkhart W., Weiel J., Luther M. A., Wilkison W. O., Rocque W. J. Agouti Structure and Function: Characterization of a Potent α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antagonist. Biochemistry 1995; 34: 12341–12346
  • Wilkison W. O. Regulation of Melanocortin Receptors by Agouti. The Melanocortin Receptors, R. D. Cone. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa 2000; 475–490
  • Kwon H. Y., Bultman S. J., Loffler C., Chen W. J., Furdon P. J., Powell J. G., Usala A. L., Wilkison W., Hansmann I., Woychik R. P. Molecular Structure and Chromosomal Mapping of the Human Homolog of the Agouti Gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994; 91: 9760–9764
  • Wilson B. D., Ollmann M. M., Kang L., Stoffel M., Bell G. I., Barsh G. S. Structure and Function of ASP, the Human Homolog of the Mouse Agouti Gene. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1995; 4: 223–230
  • Perry W. L., Nakamura T., Swing D. A., Secrest L., Eagleson B., Hustad C. M., Copeland N. G., Jenkins N. A. Coupled Site-directed Mutagenesis/Transgenesis Identifies Important Functional Domains of the Mouse Agouti Protein. Genetics 1996; 144: 255–264
  • Kiefer L. L., Ittoop O. R., Bunce K., Truesdale A. T., Willard D. H., Nichols J. S., Blanchard S. G., Mountjoy K., Chen W. J., Wilkison W. O. Mutations in the Carboxyl Terminus of the Agouti Protein Decrease Agouti Inhibition of Ligand Binding to the Melanocortin Receptors. Biochemistry 1997; 36: 2084–2090
  • Klebig M. L., Wilkinson J. E., Geisler J. G., Woychik R. P. Ectopic Expression of the Agouti Gene in Transgenic Mice causes Obesity, Features of Type II Diabetes, and Yellow Fur. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995; 92: 4728–4732
  • Yen T. T., Gill A. M., Frigeri L. G., Barsh G. S., Wolff G. L. Obesity, Diabetes, and Neoplasia in Yellow A(vy)/- Mice: Ectopic Expression of the Agouti Gene. FASEB J. 1994; 8: 479–488
  • Stanley S. A., Small C. J., Kim M. S., Heath M. M., Seal L. J., Russell S. H., Ghatei M. A., Bloom S. R. Agouti Related Peptide (Agrp) Stimulates the Hypothalamo Pituitary Gonadal Axis in vivo and in vitro in Male Rats. Endocrinology 1999; 140: 5459–5462
  • Zemel M. B., Kim J. H., Woychik R. P., Michaud E. J., Kadwell S. H., Patel I. R., Wilkison W. O. Agouti Regulation of Intracellular Calcium: Role in the Insulin Resistance of Viable Yellow Mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995; 92: 4733–4737
  • Kim J. H., Kiefer L. L., Woychik R. P., Wilkison W. O., Truesdale A., Ittoop O., Willard D., Nichols J., Zemel M. B. Agouti Regulation of Intracellular Calcium: Role of Melanocortin Receptors. Am. J. Physiol. 1997; 272: E379–E384
  • Ollmann M. M., Wilson B. D., Yang Y.-K., Kerns J. A., Chen Y., Gantz I., Barsh G. S. Antagonism of Central Melanocortin Receptors In Vitro and In Vivo by Agouti-related Protein. Science 1997; 278: 135–137
  • Shutter J. R., Graham M., Kinsey A. C., Scully S., Luthy R., Stark K. L. Hypothalamic Expression of ART, a Novel Gene Related to Agouti, is Upregulated in Obese and Diabetic Mutant Mice. Genes Dev. 1997; 11: 593–602
  • Cone R. D. The Melanocortin-4 Receptor. The Melanocortin Receptors, R. D. Cone. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa 2000; 405–447
  • Eberle A. N. Proopiomelanocortins and the Melanocortin Peptides. The Melanocortin Receptors, R. D. Cone. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa 2000; 3–67
  • Ziotopoulou M., Mantzoros C. S., Hileman S. M., Flier J. S. Differential Expression of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in the Early Phase of Diet-induced Obesity in Mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000; 279: E838–E845
  • Kim M. S., Rossi M., Abusnana S., Sunter D., Morgan D. G., Small C. J., Edwards C. M., Heath M. M., Stanley S. A., Seal L. J., Bhatti J. R., Smith D. M., Ghatei M. A., Bloom S. R. Hypothalamic Localization of the Feeding Effect of Agouti-related Peptide and α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone. Diabetes 2000; 49: 177–182
  • Meister B. Control of Food Intake Via Leptin Receptors in the Hypothalamus. Vitam. Horm. 2000; 59: 265–304
  • Vaisse C., Clement K., Durand E., Hercberg S., Guy-Grand B., Froguel P. Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutations are a Frequent and Heterogeneous Cause of Morbid Obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 2000; 106: 253–262
  • Williams G., Harrold J. A., Cutler D. J. The Hypothalamus and the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis: Lifting the Lid on a Black Box. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2000; 59: 385–396
  • Mihaly E., Fekete C., Tatro J. B., Liposits Z., Stopa E. G., Lechan R. M. Hypophysiotropic Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone-synthesizing Neurons in the Human Hypothalamus are Innervated by Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related Protein, and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000; 85: 2596–2603
  • Fekete C., Legradi G., Mihaly E., Huang Q. H., Tatro J. B., Rand W. M., Emerson C. H., Lechan R. M. α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone is Contained in Nerve Terminals Innervating Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Prevents Fasting-induced Suppression of Prothyrotropin-releasing Hormone Gene expression. J. Neurosci. 2000; 20: 1550–1558
  • Kim M. S., Small C. J., Stanley S. A., Morgan D. G., Seal L. J., Kong W. M., Edwards C. M., Abusnana S., Sunter D., Ghatei M. A., Bloom S. R. The Central Melanocortin System Affects the Hypothalamo-pituitary Thyroid Axis and may Mediate the Effect of Leptin. J. Clin. Invest. 2000; 105: 1005–1011
  • Cowley M. A., Pronchuk N., Fan W., Dinulescu D. M., Colmers W. F., Cone R. D. Integration of NPY, AGRP, and Melanocortin Signals in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus: Evidence of a Cellular Basis for the Adipostat. Neuron 1999; 24: 155–163
  • Xue B. Z., Wilkison W. O., Mynatt R. L., Moustaid N., Goldman M., Zemel M. B. The Agouti Gene Product Stimulates Pancreatic Beta-Cell Ca2+ Signaling and Insulin Release. Physiol. Genomics 1999; 1: 11–19
  • Karkaeva N. P., Makarova E. N., Yakovleva T. V., Bazhan N. M. Effect of Agouti Gene on the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Adrenal System in Mice. Dokl. Biol. Sci. 2000; 373: 417–418
  • Bicknell A. B., Lomthaisong K., Gladwell R. T., Lowry P. J. Agouti Related Protein in the Rat Adrenal Cortex: Implications for Novel Autocrine Mechanisms Modulating the Actions of Pro-opiomelanocortin Peptides. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2000; 12: 977–982
  • Tritos N. A., Maratos-Flier E. Two Important Systems in Energy Homeostasis: Melanocortins and Melanin-concentrating Hormone. Neuropeptides 1999; 33: 339–349
  • Hanada R., Nakazato M., Matsukura S., Murakami N., Yoshimatsu H., Sakata T. Differential Regulation of Melanin-concentrating Hormone and Orexin Genes in the Agouti-related Protein/Melanocortin-4 Receptor System. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000; 268: 88–91
  • Saito Y., Nothacker H.-P., Civelli O. Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptor: An Orphan Receptor Fits the Key. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. (TEM) 2000; 11: 299–303
  • Bódi J., Süli-Vargha H., Ludányi K., Vékey K., Orosz G. New Strategy for the Synthesis of Large Peptides as Applied to the C-terminal Cysteine-rich 41 Amino Acid Fragment of the Mouse Agouti Protein. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997; 38: 3293–3296
  • Kimura T., Takai M., Masui Y., Morikawa T., Sakakibara S. Strategy for the Synthesis of Large Peptides: an Application to the Total Synthesis of Human Parathyroid Hormone [hPTH(1–84)]. Biopolymers 1981; 20: 1823–1832
  • Eberle A. N., JägginVerin V., Solca F., Siegrist W., Kuenlin C., Bagutti C., Stutz S., Girard J. Biologically Active Monoiodinated α-MSH Derivatives for Receptor Binding Studies using Human Melanoma Cells. J. Receptor Res. 1991; 11: 311–322
  • Lowry O. H., Rosebrough N. J., Farr A. L., Randall R. J. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 265–275
  • Birnbaumer M., Antaramian A., Themmen A. P., Gilbert S. Desensitization of the Human V2 Vasopressin Receptor. Homologous Effects in the Absence of Heterologous Desensitization. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 11783–11788
  • Bockaert J., Hunzicker-Dunn M., Birnbaumer L. Hormone-Stimulated Desensitization of Hormone-dependent Adenylyl Cyclase. Dual Action of Luteinizing Hormone on Pig Graafian Follicle Membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 1976; 251: 2653–2663
  • Eberle A. N. The Melanotropins: Chemistry, Physiology and Mechanisms of Action, S. Karger. Basel. 1988; 556
  • Siegrist W., Eberle A. N. In Situ Melanin Assay for MSH Using Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells in Culture. Anal. Biochem. 1986; 159: 191–197
  • Oliver M. H., Harrison N. K., Bishop J. E., Cole P. J., Laurent G. J. A Rapid and Convenient Assay for Counting Cells Cultured in Microwell Plates: Application for Assessment of Growth Factors. J. Cell Sci. 1989; 92: 513–518
  • Siegrist W., Solca F., Stutz S., Giuffrè L., Carrel S., Girard J., Eberle A. N. Characterization of Receptors for α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone on Human Melanoma Cells. Cancer Res. 1989; 49: 6352–6358
  • Munson P. J., Rodbard D. An Exact Correction to the “Cheng-Prusoff” Correction. J. Receptor Res. 1988; 8: 533–546
  • Drozdz R., Siegrist W., Baker B. I., Chluba-deTapia J., Eberle A. N. Melanin-concentrating Hormone Binding to Mouse Melanoma Cells In Vitro. FEBS Lett. 1995; 359: 199–202
  • Yang Y. K., Thompson D. A., Dickinson C. J., Wilken J., Barsh G. S., Kent S. B., Gantz I. Characterization of Agouti-Related Protein Binding to Melanocortin Receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 1999; 13: 148–155
  • Siegrist W., Stutz S., Eberle A. N. Homologous and Heterologous Regulation of α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Receptor in Human and Mouse Melanoma Cell Lines. Cancer Res. 1994; 54: 2604–2610
  • Xue B., Moustaid-Moussa N., Wilkison W. O., Zemel M. B. The Agouti Gene Product Inhibits Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes Via a Ca2+-Dependent Mechanism. FASEB J. 1998; 12: 1391–1396
  • Shi H., Halvorsen Y.-D., Ellis P. N., Wilkison W. O., Zemel M. B. Role of Intracellular Calcium in Human Adipocyte Differentiation. Physiol. Genomics 2000; 3: 75–82

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.