Fe³⁺‐Montmorillonite as Effective, Recyclable Catalyst for Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis Under Mild Conditions

References

• Vaccari , A. 1998 . Preparation and catalytic properties of cationic and anionic clays . Catal. Today , 41 : 53 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil , A. , Gandia , L. M. and Vicente , M. A. 2002 . Recent advances in the synthesis and catalytic applications of pilled clays . Catal. Rev. , 42 : 145 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma , R. S. 2002 . Clay and clay‐supported reagents in organic synthesis . Tetrahedron , 58 : 1235 – 1255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laszlo , P. 1987 . Chemical reactions on clay . Science , 235 : 1473 – 1477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laszlo , P. and Mathy , A. 1987 . Catalysis of Friedel–Crafts alkylation by a montmorillonite doped with transition‐metal cations . Helv. Chim. Acta , 70 : 577 – 586 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudary , B. M. , Rao , B. P. C. , Chowdari , N. S. and Kantam , M. L. 2002 . Fe3+‐montmorillonite: A bifunctional catalyst for one pot Friedel–Crafts alkylation of arenes with alcohols . Catal. Commun. , 3 : 363 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• Pai , S. G. , Baipai , A. R. , Deshpande , A. B. and Samant , S. D. 1997 . Beckmann rearrangement of substituted diaryl ketoximes using FeCl3 impregnated montmorillonite K10 . Synth. Commun. , 27 : 379 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary , V. R. , Mantri , K. and Jana , S. K. 2001 . Selective esterification of tert‐butanol by acetic acid anhydride over clay supported InCl3, GaCl3, FeCl3 and InCl2 catalysts . Catal. Commun. , 2 : 57 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Kantam , M. L. , Bhaskar , V. and Choudary , B. M. 2002 . Direct condensation of carboxylic acids with alcohols: The atom economic protocol catalysed by Fe3+]‐montmorillonite . Catal. Lett. , 78 : 185 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baipai , A. R. , Deshpande , A. B. and Samant , S. D. 2000 . An efficient one‐pot synthesis of aromatic nitriles from aldehydes using Fe montmorillonite K10 . Synth. Commun. , 30 : 2785 – 2791 .
   Google Scholar
• Sreekumar , R. and Padmakumar , R. 1998 . Simple, efficient and convenient synthesis of pyrroles and pyrazoles using zeolites . Synth. Commun. , 28 : 1661 – 1665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan , S. and Anuradha , K. 2003 . Solid‐phase synthesis of heterocyclesfrom 1,4‐diketone synthons . Synlett , : 711 – 713 .
   Google Scholar
• Texier‐Boullet , F. , Klein , B. and Hamelin , J. 1986 . Pyrrole and pyrazole ring closure in heterogeneous media . Synthesis , : 409 – 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Ballini , R. , Barboni , L. , Bosica , G. and Petrini , M. 2000 . 2,5‐Dialkylfurans and nitroalkanes as source of 2,3,5‐trialkylpyrroles . Synlett , : 391 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Samajdar , S. , Becker , F. F. and Banik , B. K. 2001 . Montmorillonite KSF‐mediated facile synthesis of pyrroles . Heterocycles , 55 : 1019 – 1022 .
   Google Scholar
• Curini , M. , Montanari , F. , Rosati , O. , Lioy , E. and Margarita , R. 2003 . Layered zirconium phosphate phosphonate as heterogeneous catalyst in the preparation of pyrroles . Tetrahedron Lett. , 44 : 3923 – 3925 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danks , T. N. 1999 . Microwave assisted synthesis of pyrroles . Tetrahedron Lett. , 40 : 3957 – 3960 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , B. , Gu , Y. L. , Luo , C. , Yang , T. , Yang , L. M. and Suo , J. S. 2004 . Pyrrole synthesis in ionic liquids by Paal–Knorr condensation under mild conditions . Tetrahedron Lett. , 45 : 3417 – 3420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laura , R. D. 1976 . Comments of the paper: Surface acidity of imogolite and allophane . Clay Miner. , 11 : 331 – 334 .
   Google Scholar
• Pinnavaia , T. J. 1983 . Intercalated clay catalysts . Science , 220 : 365 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar