REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF DYESTUFFS FROM DYEING WASTEWATERS

REFERENCES

• Allen , S. J. , Khader , K.Y. H. and Bino , M. 1995 . Electro-oxidation of dyestuffs in wastewaters . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 62 ( 2 ) : 111 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Belhateche , D. H. 1995 . Choose appropriate wastewater treatment technologies . Chem. Eng. Prog. , : 32 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kermer , W.-D. and Steenken-Richter , I. Decolorization of dyehouse effluents by long-chain amines . Ecosystems, Basf Text. Chem. , 25 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Ozoh , P.T. E. 1997 . Adsorption of cotton fabric dyestuff waste on Nigeria agricultural semi-activated carbon . Environ. Monit. Assess. , 46 ( 3 ) : 255 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yieh , R. Y. and Thomas , A. 1995 . A Color removal from dye wastewaters by adsorption using powdered activated carbon . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 63 ( 1 ) : 48 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef , A. M. , El-Khouly , A. A. , Ahmed , A. I. and El-Shafey , E. I. 1996 . Removal of bromothymol blue and crystal violet as pollutants in the running wastewater from dyeing and textile plants via adsorption by activated carbons . J. Environ. Sci. (Mansoura, Egypt) , 11 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Fang , C. 1996 . Comparison of adsorptivity of dye and phenol on activated carbon . Huanjing Baohu (Beijing) , 16 ( 5 ) : 13 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakaoka , M. , Nakaoka , C. and Yura , Y. 1991 . Treatment of dyeing wastewater by waste activated carbon from sake brewing process . Kenkyu Hokoku - Wakayama-ken Kogyo Gijutsu Senta , : 27 – 28 . (Pub. 1992)
   Google Scholar
• Rao , K. N. and Kuishnaiah , K. A. 1994 . Color removal from a dyestuff industry effluent using activated carbon . Indian J. Chem. Technol. , 1 ( 1 ) : 13 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reife , A. 1990 . “ Wastewater treatment of soluble azo acid, direct and reactive dye using a sodium hydrosulfite reduction pretreatment followed by carbon adsorption ” . In Book-Pap. - Int. Conf. Exhib. , AATCC 201 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamai , H. , Kakii , T. , Hirota , Y. , Kumamoto , T. and Yasuda , H. 1996 . Synthesis of extremely large Mesoporous Activated Carbon and its Unique Adsorption for Giant Molecules . Chem. Mater. , 8 ( 2 ) : 454 – 462 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Guendi , M. S. 1996 . Adsorption kinetics of cationic dyestuffs on to natural clay . Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. , 13 ( 4 ) : 295 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansi , N.M. Al. 1996 . Decolorizing of wastewater in a fixed bed using natural adsorbents . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 14 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramakrishna , K. R. and Viraraghavan , T. 1996 . Dye removal using peat . Am. Dyest. Rep. , 85 ( 10 ) 28–30, 32–34
   Google Scholar
• Viraraghavan , T. and Mihial , D. J. 1995 . Color removal using peat . Fresenius Environ. Bull. , 4 ( 6 ) : 346 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namasivyam , C. , Muniasamy , N. , Gayatri , K. , Rani , M. and Ranganathan , K. 1996 . Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel . Bioresour. Technol. , 57 ( 1 ) : 37 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , D. and Gu , J. 1994 . Adsorption of a basic dye on brown coal . Huaxue Shijie , 35 ( 6 ) : 322 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Mansi , N. M. and Fouad , N.M. K. 1994 . Color removal from textile effluents by the use of a cellulosic domestic waste material . Modell., Meas. Control, C , 45 ( 2–4 ) : 41 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhatt , J. and Bhala , B. T. 1995 . use of organo-clay for decolorizing colored wastewater from the textile industry . Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika , 38 ( 4 ) : 249 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida , A. and Nomura , M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo JP 08,131,822[96,131,822] (Cl. B01 20/10), 28 May 1996, Appl. 94/304,219, 15 Nov. 1994
   Google Scholar
• Karadag , E. , Saraydin , D. and Güven , O. 1977 . Cationic dye adsorption by acrylamide/itaconic acid hydrogels in aqueous solutions . Polym. Adv. Technol. , 8 : 574 – 578 .
   Google Scholar
• Saraydin , D. , Karadag , E. and Güven , O. 2001 . Use of superswelling acrylamide/maleic acid hydrogels for monovalent cationic dye adsorption . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 79 : 1809 – 1815 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zollinger , H. 1991 . Color Chemistry New York : VCH .
   Google Scholar
• Saraydin , D. and Karadag , E. 1996 . Behaviors of acrylamide/maleic acid hydrogels in uptake of some cationic dyes from aqueous solutions . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 17 ) : 2359 – 2371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , Y.-S. and Cho , J.-H. 1996 . Color removal from dye wastewater using vermiculite . Environ. Technol. , 17 ( 11 ) : 1169 – 1180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abo-Shousha , M. H. , Higazy , A. and Ibrahim , N. A. 1996 . Removal of some Remazol dyes from aqueous solutions using aminated falx and kenal fibers . Sci. Int. (Lahore) , 8 ( 4 ) : 341 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Lebek , J. and Wardas , W. 1996 . Adsorption of some textile dyes on post-vanilin lignin during precipitation . Cellul. Chem. Technol. , 30 ( 3–4 ) : 213 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryazantsev , A. A. 1994 . Sorbent for removal of anionic dyes from wastewater . Khim. Tekhnol. Vody , 16 ( 1 ) : 99 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , A. K. and Venkobachar , C. 1989 . Studies on sorption of dyes by sulfonated coal and Ganoderma Lucidum . Indian J. Environ. Health , 31 ( 2 ) : 105 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Nassar , M. S. and El-Guendi , M. S. 1991 . Comparative cost of color removal from textile effluents using natural adsorbents . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 50 ( 2 ) : 257 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mall , I. D. and Upadhyay , S. N. 1995 . Removal of basic dyes from wastewater using boiler bottom ash . Indian J. Environ. Health , 37 ( 1 ) : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Nassar , M. M. , Hamoda , M. F. and Radwan , G. H. 1996 . Utilization of palm-fruit bunch particles for the adsorption of dyestuff wastes . Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. , 13 ( 1 ) : 1 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sur , B. , Khanra , D. , Dutta , S. K. and Chaudhiri , S. K. 1997 . Studies on the potential of coal fly ash as sorbent-catalyst in decolorization of dye solutions . Fuel Sci. Technol. , 16 ( 1 ) : 23 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Yan , C. and Luo , M. 1998 . Removal of reactive brilliant X-BR from aqueous solutions by adsorption on a fly ash . Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao , 32 ( 9 ) : 126 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , J. , Huang , C. P. , Allen , H. E. , Cha , D. K. and Kim , D. 1998 . Adsorption characteristics of dye onto sludge particulates . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 208 ( 2 ) : 518 – 528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckay , G. 1996 . Use of Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Wastewaters Boca Raton : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mckay , G. , Blair , H. S. and Gardner , J. 1982a . Adsorption of dyes on chitin 1. Equilibrium studies . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 27 : 3043 – 3057 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckay , G. , Blair , H. S. and Gardner , J. 1982b . Adsorption of dyes on chitin. External mass transfer process . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 27 : 4251 – 4261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckay , G. , Blair , H. S. and Gardner , J. 1983a . Rate studies for the adsorption of dyestuffs onto chitin . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 28 : 108 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Mckay , G. , Blair , H. S. and Gardner , J. 1983b . Adsorption of dyes on chitin. III. Intraparticle diffusion processes . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 28 : 1767 – 1778 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckay , G. , Blair , H. S. and Gardner , J. 1984 . The adsorption of dyes onto chitin in fixed bed columns and batch adsorbers . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 29 : 1499 – 1514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueiredo , S. A. , Boaventura , R. A. and Loureiro , J. M. 1998 . The removal of dyestuffs from textile wastewaters using low cost adsorbents . Fundam. Adsorpt., Conf., 6th , : 1023 – 1028 .
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida , H. , Okamoto , A. , Yamasaki , H. and Kataoka , T. “ Breakthrough Curve for Adsorption of Acid Dye on Crosslinked Chitosan Fiber ” . In Fundamentals of Adsorption, Proc. IVth Int. Conf. On Fundamentals of Adsorption, Kyoto, 17–22, May 1992
   Google Scholar
• Tsuchida , T. , Ue , M. and Kimura , T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 262,775[99 262,775] (Cl. C02F1/58), 28 Sep. 1999, JP Appl. 1998/4,119, 12 Jan. 1998
   Google Scholar
• Albanis , T. A. , Hela , D. G. , Sakellarides , T. M. and Danis , T. G. 2000 . Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption on mixtures of fly ash and soil in batch and column techniques . Global Nest: The Int. J. , 2 ( 3 ) : 237 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , H. M. , ed. 1998 . Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal , 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. 1979 . Wastewater Engineering: Treatment—Disposal—Reuse , 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co .
   Google Scholar
• Bushmann , H. J. and Schollmeyer , E. 1994 . Decolorization of textile wastewater by formation of dye inclusion compounds. Part 6. Investigation of industrial wastewaters and regeneration of the complexing agents . Textilveredlung , 29 ( 3 ) : 58 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Akashi , T. and Takeushi , A. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 06,233,987 [94,233,987] (Cl. C02F1/58), 23 Aug. 1994, Appl. 93/22,579, 10 Feb. 1993
   Google Scholar
• Pillai , P. and Pillai , S. Indian IN 168,352 (CI.C02F1/58), 16 Mar. 1991, Appl. 86/MA729, 12 Sep. 1986
   Google Scholar
• Shepperd , P. W. , Becker , L. W. and Cunfiff , R. J. U.S. US5, 611,984 (Cl. 210–719,C02F1/56), 18 Mar. 1997, Appl. 574,009, 18 Dec. 1995
   Google Scholar
• Fang , X. 1996 . Development of chitosan chelating agent and its strong floculating effect . Huanjing Wuran Yu Fangzhi , 18 ( 2 ) : 4 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Yakobi , V. A. and Shpack , L. P. 1995 . Use of dyes from spent dye baths . Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. , 38 ( 4–5 ) : 79 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , C. 1995 . Flocculation effect of MGS towards Reactive Red . Huanjing Gongcheng , 13 ( 3 ) : 16 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Miwa , H. , Ishikawa , T. , Hoshina , M. , Tsugawa , H. and Okada , M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 06, 182,350[94, 182,350] (Cl. C02F1/56), 05 Jul. 1994, Appl. 92/356,281, 21 Dec. 1992
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , Y. , Sato , N. and Ishimura , A. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 06, 126,286[94, 126,286] (Cl. C02F1/52), 10 May 1994, Appl. 92/280,073, 19 Oct. 1992
   Google Scholar
• Su , Y. and Xi , D. 1999 . Shanghai Huanjing Kexue , 18 ( 2 ) : 88 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozlov , V. V. , Gerasimov , M. N. and Kryuchkov , A. M. 1995 . Ultrafiltration of wastewaters containing pigments and acid dyes . Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Tekhnol. Tekst. Prom-sti. , : 47 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Nielson , C.-E. 1994 . Recycling of wastewaters from textile dyeing using crossflow membrane filtration . Filtr. Sep. , 31 ( 6 ) : 593 – 595 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama , T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 229,555[96, 229,555] (Cl. C02F1/44), 10 Sep. 1996, Appl. 95/61,753, 24 Feb. 1995
   Google Scholar
• Majewska-Nowak , K. , Kabsch-Korbutowicz , M. and Winnicki , T. 1996 . Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego , 105 ( 1–2 ) : 91 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Majewska-Nowak , K. , Wisniewski , J. and Winnicki , T. 1991 . New rod-type membranes made of various polymers for organic dye separation . Environ. Sci. Res. , 42 : 653 – 663 . (Chem. Prot. Environ.)
   Google Scholar
• Gaeta , S. N. 1992 . Application of membrane processes to textile industry . Comm. Eur. Communities, [Rep.] EUR , : 86 – 89 . (Eur. 14576, 4th Brite-Euram Conference, 1992)
   Google Scholar
• Guo , M. and Yang , N. 1996 . Separation of reactive dye solution with nanofiltration membrane . Shuichuli Jishu , 22 ( 2 ) : 97 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Thakur , B. D. , Majumdar , A. and Guha , B. K. 1994 . Recovery of textile auxilliary chemicals and water by a new polymeric membrane . Colourage , 41 ( 4 ) : 42 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Van't Hul , J. P. 1999 . “ Membrane Separation in Textile Washing Processes ” . In Ph.D. Dessertation; Ipskamp B.V. Edited by: Enschede . Netherlands : University of Twente .
   Google Scholar
• Hamagushi , T. , Koshizuka , T. , Miyauchi , T. and Ishiuchi , M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo JP 09 85,266 [97 85,266] (Cl. C02F1/70), 31 Mar. 1997, Appl. 95/247,758, 26 Sep. 1995
   Google Scholar
• Poulakis , K. , Bach , E. and Schollmeyer , E. 1997 . Peressigsäure in der Textilveredlung, Teil 4: Oxidative Entfärbung von Färbereiawssen mmit Peressigsäure und UV-Licht . Textilveredlung , 32 ( 3/4 ) : 74 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Poulakis , P. and Bach , E. Ger. Offen. DE 19, 525,377 (Cl. C02F1/72), 16 Jan. 1997, Appl. 19,525,377, 12 Jul. 1995; 4 pp. (Ger)
   Google Scholar
• Shu , H.-Y. , Huang , C.-R. and Chang , M.-C. 1994 . Decolorization of mono-azo dyes in wastewater by advanced oxidation process: A case study of acid red 1 and acid yellow 23 . Chemosphere , 29 ( 12 ) : 2597 – 2607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namboordi , C. G. and Walsh , W. K. 1995 . Decolorizing spent dyebath with hot peroxide . Am. Dyest. Rep. , 84 ( 9 ) 86–92, 94–95
   Google Scholar
• Achwal , W. B. 1994 . Treatment of reactive dyeing wastewater by H2O2/FeSO4 . Colourage , 41 ( 4 ) : 48 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Reissig , H. , Jentsch , T. and Fischer , R. 1991 . Investigations on degradation of dyes of textile finishing industries . Gewaesserschutz, Wasser, Abwasser , 125 : 275 – 304 . (Industrieabwasser Vermeidern, Vermindern Behandeln)
   Google Scholar
• Kotani , H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 114,585 [99 114,585] (Cl. C02F1/72), 27 Apr. 1999, Appl. 97/286,610, 20 Oct. 1997
   Google Scholar
• Luo , F. , Deng , N. S. , Wu , F. and Zuo , Y. 1999 . UV-light induced discoloration of dye solutions in the presence of Fe(III) and humic acid . Toxicol. Environ. Chem. , 71 ( 1–2 ) : 125 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , S. H. and Chen , M. L. 1997 . Purification of textile wastewater effluents by combined Fenton process and ion exchange . Desalination , 109 ( 2 ) : 121 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prousek , J. , Ivanova , E. and Kocmanikova , M. 1997 . Utilization of Fenton reaction for the degradation of conventionally used dyes and colored wastewaters . Chem. Listy , 91 ( 1 ) : 48 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelsen , D. L. , Chan , R. T. and Balko , J. W. 1997 . Continuous color removal from concentrated dye waste discharges using reducing and oxidizing chemicals-a pilot plant study . Chem. Oxid. , 4 : 59 – 92 . (Technologies for the Nineties)
   Google Scholar
• Higashi , K. , Yamane , M. and Takeda , S. 1996 . Research survey on prevention of pollution by wastewater. 2 . Mizu Shori Gijutsu , 37 ( 5 ) : 241 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuo , W. G. 1992 . Decolorizing dye wastewater with Fenton's reagent . Water Res. , 26 ( 7 ) : 917 – 921 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , W. Z. and Chen , R. Z. 1996 . Decolorizing kinetics and mechanisms of commercial dyes by H2O2/iron powder system . Chemosphere , 32 ( 5 ) : 947 – 958 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santo , Y. , Nakano , E. , Ishidoshiro , H. and Santo , K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 06 91,273,[94 91,273] (Cl. C02F1/52), 05 Apr. 1994, Appl. 92/241,762, 10 Sep. 1992
   Google Scholar
• Ogawa , K. and Hayashi , K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,117,766 [96, 117,766] (Cl. C02F1/76), 14 May 1996, Appl. 94/283,010, 21 Oct. 1994
   Google Scholar
• Xu , H. , Jie , W. and Niu , Z. 1993 . Catalytic decolorization properties in the treatment of dyeing wastewater with γ-MnO2 as catalyst . Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue , 13 ( 2 ) : 85 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith de Sucre , V. and Watkinson , A. P. 1981 . Anodic oxidation of phenol for wastwater treatment . Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 59 : 52 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifian , H. and Kirk , D. W. 1985 . Electrochemical oxidation of phenol . J. Electrochem. Soc. , 15 : 921 – 924 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaba , L. , Hitchens , G. D. and Bockris , J. O'M. 1990 . Electrochemical incination of wastes . J. Electrochem. Soc. , 137 : 1341 – 1345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comninellis , C. and Plattner , E. 1988 . Electrochemical wastewater treatment . Chimia , 42 : 250 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Pletcher , D. , Walsh , F. C. and White , I. 1990 . The application of electrochemical techniques to the treatment of industrial process liquors . IChemE Symp. Ser. , 116 : 195 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Jia , J. and Yang , J. 1997 . Discussion on treatment of dyes wastewater using activated carbon fiber electrodes . Shanghai Huanjing Kexue , 16 ( 4 ) 19–22, 25
   Google Scholar
• Chen , Y.-L. and Chou , T.-C. 1997 . Decolorization of methyl orange in wastewater with in situ electrogenerated OH free radicals . Toxicol. Environ. Chem. , 58 ( 1–4 ) : 237 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Takaoka , S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 267,073 [96, 267,100] (Cl. C02F11/14), 15 Oct. 1996, Appl. 95/73,794, 30 Mar. 1995
   Google Scholar
• Yang , W. , Zhou , J. and Yang , F. 1996 . A microelectrolysis method for dyestuffs degradation . Shanghai Huanjing Kexue , 15 ( 7 ) 30–32, 35
   Google Scholar
• Kolesnikov , V. A. and Ll'in , V. I. 1995 . Khim. Prom-st. , : 523 – 526 .
   Google Scholar
• Hatano , Y. , Shiroma , S. , Ishikawa , T. , Yobiko , Y. and Takaoka , S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,281,271 [96, 281,272] (Cl. C02F1/46), 29 Oct. 1996, Appl. 95/89,071, 14 Apr. 1995
   Google Scholar
• Qi , M. 1993 . Treatment of dyeing wastewater from warp-knitting mill with micro-electrolytic method . Shanghai Huanjing Kexue , 8 ( 7 ) : 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Reeves , P. , Ohlhausen , R. , Sloan , D. , Pamplin , K. , Scoggins , T. , Clark , C. , Hutchinson , B. and Green , D. 1992 . Photocatalytic destruction of organic dyes in aqueous titania suspensions using concentrated simulated and natural solar energy . Sol. Energy , 48 ( 6 ) : 413 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uygur , A. 1995 . Decolorization of waste waters of reactive dyes . Melliand Textilber. , 76 ( 6 ) E121–E122, 421–429
   Google Scholar
• You , D. , Xie , H. and Dai , S. 1992 . Photocatalytic decolorization of reactive dyes . J. Environ. Sci. , 4 ( 1 ) : 97 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Uda , I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09, 239,383 [97, 239,383] (Cl. C02F1/78), 1-Sep. 1997, Appl. 96/78,410, 6 Mar. 1996
   Google Scholar
• Tabata , T. and Uragaki , K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 75,953 [97 75,953] (Cl. C02F1/58), 25 Mar. 1997, Appl. 95/233,625, 12 Sep. 1995
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi , N. , Nakai , T. and Satoh , Y. 1997 . Decolorization of colored compounds by ozonization and evaluation of color by color measurement methods . Mizu Shori Gijutsu , 38 ( 3 ) : 113 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Gähr , F. , Hermanutz , F. and Oppermann , W. 1994 . Ozonation—an important technique to comply with New German Laws for textile wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 30 ( 3 ) : 255 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namboordi , C. G. , Perkins , W. S. and Walsh , W. K. 1994 . Decolorizing dyes with chlorine and ozone: Part I . Am. Dyest. Rep. , 83 ( 3 ) 17–18, 20, 22
   Google Scholar
• Namboordi , C. G. , Perkins , W. S. and Walsh , W. K. 1994 . Decolorizing dyes with chlorine and ozone: Part II . Am. Dyest. Rep. , 83 ( 4 ) 17–18, 20–22, 24–27
   Google Scholar
• Mchugh , D. W. , Sharratt , P. N. and Hutchison , J. 1994 . Optimization of ozone utilization for decolorization of dye-containing wastewater . IChemE Res. Event, Two-Day Symp. , 1 : 374 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Shu , H.-Y. and Huang , C.-R. 1995 . Degradation of commercial azo dyes in water using ozonation and UV enhanced ozonation process . Chemosphere , 31 ( 8 ) : 3813 – 3825 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley , J. and Leist , G. 1994 . “ Ozone treatment of textile effluent ” . In Book Pap. - Int. Conf. Exhib. , AATCC 306 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Cu , S. 1993 . Treatment of dyeing and printing wastewater by ozone oxidation process . Huanjing Wuran Yu Fangzhi , 15 ( 4 ) : 12 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Ruppert , G. , Bauer , R. and Heisler , G. 1994 . UV-O3, UV-H2O2, UV-TiO2 and the photo-Fenton reaction- comparison of advanced oxidation processed for wastewater treatment . Chemosphere , 28 ( 8 ) : 1447 – 1454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai , X. , Bai , M. and Chu , J. 1991 . Treatment of dyeing wastewater by ozonization method . Huanjing Baohu , 13 ( 12 ) : 9 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Zima , S. V. 1992 . Treatment of textile mill wastewater . Tekst. Prom-st. , : 54
   Google Scholar
• Beltran de Heredia , J. and Rodriguez Gonzalez , M. C. 1990 . Acid dye ozonization. Effect of variables and reaction products . Afinidad , 47 ( 426 ) : 116 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sid'ko , R. Y. , Kerzhner , B. K. and Goncharuk , V. V. 1989 . Dye removal from water by ozonation with adsorption on carbon . Khim. Tekhnol. Vody , 11 ( 10 ) : 902 – 905 .
   Google Scholar
• Zima , S. V. , Pivtorak , A. I. and Tkachenko , L. I. 1990 . Use of ozone for decolorization of textile mill wastewaters . Tekst. Prom-st. , : 50 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Amy , G. L. , Chadik , P. A. , Sierka , R. A. and Cooper , W. J. 1986 . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 7 : 99
   Google Scholar
• Erndt , E. and Kurbiel , J. 1980 . Environ. Prot. Eng. , 6 : 19
   Google Scholar
• Sotelo , J. L. , Beltran , F. J. and Beltran-Heridia , J. 1990 . Azoic dye ozonation. Influence of variables and stoichiometry . An. Quim. , 86 ( 4 ) : 374 – 380 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , R. T. and Boyd , R. N. 1983 . Organic Chemistry , 4th Ed. Boston , Massachusetts : Allyn and Bacon, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• El-Ibiary , N. , Hawash , S. and El-Diwani , G. 1990 . Rate study for ozonation of solophenyl dyes solution . Afinidad , 47 ( 428 ) : 278 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kos , L. and Perkowski , J. 1999 . Application of ozone and UV-radiation in textile wastewater treatment . Fibres Text. East. Eur. , 7 ( 1 ) : 61 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goheen , S. C. , Durham , D. E. , McCulloch , M. H. and William , O. 1992 . The degradation of organic dyes by corona discharge . Chem. Oxid. , 2 : 356 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , S. , Li , J. , Wang , Z. , Yao , H. and Gao , Q. 1996 . The experimental study on decolorization of dye wastewater by pulsed corona discharge . Huanjing Kexue , 17 ( 1 ) : 13 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Nigam , P. , McMullan , G. , Banat , I. M. and Marchant , R. 1996 . Decolorization of effluent from the textile industry by a microbial consortium . Biotechnol. Lett. , 18 ( 1 ) : 117 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakmi , A. R. , Terashima , Y. and Ozaki , H. 1990 . Biodegradation of azo dye by an acclimated culture in a continuous process . Inst. Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser. , : 301 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , G. , Du , H. , Chang , L. and Niu , Z. 1990 . A study of decolorizing dyes by utilization of purple nonsulphur photosynthetic bacteria . Water Treat. , 5 ( 4 ) : 463 – 473 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , G. , Zhang , L. , Wang , Z. , Du , H. and Tang , S. 1990 . New technology on use of decolorization bacteria to treat dyeing wastewater . Taiyuan Gongye Daxue Xuebao , 21 ( 4 ) : 17 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Das , S. , Dey , S. and Bhattacharyya , B. C. 1995 . Dye decolorization in a column bioreactor using wood-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium . Indian Chem. Eng., Sect. A , 37 ( 4 ) : 176 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Xian , H. and Yang , H. 1989 . Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms . J. Environ. Sci. , 1 ( 12 ) : 60 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , Z. , Yang , H. and Jia , S. 1992 . Decolorization of dyeing wastewater by mixed bacterial cells immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) . Huanjing Kexue , 13 ( 1 ) : 2 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Kakuta , T. , Yoshizawa , K. and Nojiro , K. 1992 . Azo dye wastewater treatment with immobilized yeast . Hakko Kogaku Kaishi , 70 ( 5 ) : 387 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. C. , Liao , C. W. and Hsiung , K. P. 1991 . Decolorization of dyes by basidomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 . Zhongguo Nongye Huaxue Huizhi , 29 ( 4 ) : 439 – 447 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakaoka , M. , Maeda , Y. and Tamura , S. 1992 . Degradation of synthetic reactive dyes by anaerobic microorganisms . Kenkyu Hokoku - Wakayama-ken Kogyo Gijutsu Senta , : 22 – 25 . (Pub. 1993)
   Google Scholar
• Sangaleti , L. , Briski , F. , Matanic , H. and Juric , Z. 1995 . Removal of azo dyes Reactive red 120 by mixed bacterial culture . Prehrambeno-Tehnol. Biotehnol. Rev. , 33 ( 1 ) : 25 – 29 . (Pub. 1995)
   Google Scholar
• FitzGerald , S. W. and Bishop , P. L. 1995 . Two stage anaerobic/aerobic treatment of sulphonated azo dyes . J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control , 30 ( 6 ) : 1251 – 1276 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. , Yang , Y. , An , H. and Qian , Y. 1994 . Study on the treatment of dye wastewater with an anaerobic/aerobic process . Huanjing Kexue , 15 ( 4 ) : 31 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• An , H. , Qian , Y. , Gu , X. and Tang , W. Z. 1996 . Biological treatment of dye wastewater using an anaerobic-oxic system . Chemosphere , 33 ( 12 ) : 2533 – 2542 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakaoka , M. , Miami , H. , Takeo , M. and Maeda , Y. 1993 . Effects of concentrations of organic salts and initial concentrations of dyes in waste-water on microbial decolorization of the dyes under anaerobic conditions . Kenkyu Hokoku - Wakayama-ken Kogyo Gijutsu Senta , : 7 – 9 . (Pub. 1994)
   Google Scholar
• Mo , J. , Yao , X. and Zhang , G. 1997 . Studies on the decolorization of azo dyes in aqueous systems using metal ions together with algae (Sargassum) . Huanjing Huaxue , 16 ( 3 ) : 238 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Knapp , J. S. , Newby , P. S. and Reece , L. P. 1995 . Decolorization of dyes by wood-rotting basidiomycete fungi . Enzyme Microb. Technol. , 17 ( 7 ) : 664 – 668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , G. M. and Weatherlay , L. R. 1999 . Biological activated carbon treatment of industrial wastewater in stirred tank reactors . Chem. Eng. J. (Lausanne) , 75 ( 3 ) : 201 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Fang , D. , Zhou , S. and Ruiwei , G. 1995 . Study of decolorization of anionic dyes by using cationic polymer . Huagong Xuebao (Chin. Ed.) , 46 ( 4 ) : 410 – 415 .
   Google Scholar
• Shishido , K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 07,195,070 [95, 195,070] (Cl. C02F1/28), 01 Aug. 1995, Appl. 93/351,541, 29 Dec. 1993
   Google Scholar
• Higozaki , N. and Tamura , S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo JP 02 06,984 [90 06,894] (Cl. C02F1/42), 11 Jan. 1990, Appl. 88/158,401, 27 Jun. 1988
   Google Scholar
• Farag , S. , Abo-Shosha , M. H. and Ibrahim , N. A. 1994 . Removal of acid dye residues from wastewater using anion-exchange compounds of starch/methylenediacrylamide/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate . Tinctoria , 91 ( 10 ) : 48 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , H. , Hu , L. , Zhang , X. and Duan , J. 1995 . Decolorization of cationic dyestuff wastewater with polystyrene-based cation exchange fibers . Huanjing Wuran Yu Fangzhi , 17 ( 5 ) : 1 – 2 .
   Google Scholar
• Kremer , W. D. and Steenken-Ritcher , I. Ger Offen. DE 4,232,740 (Cl. C02F1/58), 18 Mar. 1994, Appl. 30 Sep. 1992
   Google Scholar
• Steenken-Ritcher , I. and Kermer , W.-D. 1992 . Decolorization textile effluents . JSDC , 108 ( 4 ) : 182 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Weltrowski , M. , Patry , J. and Bourget , M. 1996 . Reactive filter for textile dyes adsorption . Adv. Chitin Sci. , 1 : 462 – 469 .
   Google Scholar
• Shi , B. and Li , H. 1997 . Research on the decolorization of acid dyes wastewater treated with PVAF exchange fiber . Quingdao Daxue Xuebao Gongcheng Jishuban , 12 ( 4 ) : 9 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazzlo , J. A. 1997 . Regeneration of Dye-Saturated Quaternized Cellulose by Bisulphite-Mediated Borohydride Reduction of Dye Azo Groups:An improved Process for Decolorization of Textile Wastewaters . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 12 ) : 3647 – 3653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Far Eastern Textile Company . 1994 . Internal Technical Report Taiwan : Panchiao .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , H. S. and Chen , L. M. 1997 . Purification of textile wastewater effluents by a combined fenton process and ion exchange . Desalination , 109 : 121 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y. 1995 . Treatment of dyeing wastewater by bio-contact oxidation-air flotation-filtration process . Huanjing Gongcheng , 13 ( 4 ) 13–14, 17
   Google Scholar
• Shigeru , I. and Miwa , A. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 07, 124,569 [95, 124,569] (Cl. C02F1/58), 16 May 1995, Appl. 93/278,504, 08 Nov. 1993
   Google Scholar
• Tunay , O. , Kabdasli , I. , Eremektar , G. and Orbon , D. 1996 . Color removal from textile wastewater . Water Sci. Technol. , 34 ( 11, Water Quality International '96 Part 7 ) : 9 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong , J. and Han , Y. 1989 . Treatment of high concentration textile dyeing wastewater . Huanjing Baohu , : 10 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , Y. and Haryslak , C. A. 1997 . Reuse of reactive dyebaths-dyeing nylon6,6, nylon6, and wool with hydrolysed reactive dyes . Text. Chem. Color. , 29 ( 10 ) : 38 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Burkinshaw , S. M. and Graham , C. 1995 . Recycling of exhausted reactive dyebaths . Dyes Pigm. , 28 ( 3 ) : 193 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazur , J. R. and Szaniawski , A. R. 1994 . Wastewater minimization in dyehouses based on batch technology . Environ. Prot. Eng. , 20 ( 1–4 ) : 25 – 34 . (Pub. 1995)
   Google Scholar
• Imada , K. and Hashizume , S. 1993 . “ Fiber reactive dyes for cotton: reducing the level of color in wastewater effluent ” . In Book Pap. - Int. Conf. Exhib. , AATCC 1993 220 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Prabu , H. G. and Anandan , V. S. 1995 . Reactive dyeing and its effluent problem:Part B . Text. Dyer Printer , 28 ( 8 ) : 20 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Gurnham , C. F. , ed. 1965 . Industrial Waste Control New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . General German wastewater management regulation on the minimum requirements for discharging effluents into waterways (Rahmen–AbwasserVwV) . GMBI , 25 : 518 – 520 . (8 Sep. 1989)
   Google Scholar
• Adams , A. D. 1976 . Am. Dyest. Rep. , 65 : 32
   Google Scholar
• Stotz , G. and Bardtke , D. 1982 . Melliand Textilber. , 63 : 301
   Google Scholar
• Rock , S. L. and Stevens , B. W. 1975 . Text. Chem. Color. , 7 ( 57 ) 159, 171
   Google Scholar
• Stapleton , I. Private Communication
   Google Scholar
• Croissant , B. , Efferenn , K. and Frahne , D. 1983 . Melliand Textilber. , 64 : 686
   Google Scholar
• Frahne , D. and Maier , B. 1983 . Dtsch. Faerber-Kal. , 87 : 176
   Google Scholar