References
- Aplin P. J., Eliseo T. Ingestion of castor oil plant seeds. Med. J. Aust. 1997; 167: 260–261, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Balint G. A. Ricin: the toxic protein of castor oil seeds. Toxicology 1974; 2: 77–102, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Challoner K. R., McCarron M. M. Castor bean intoxication. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1990; 19: 1177–1183, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Christiansen V. J., Hsu C.‐H., Dormer K. J., Robinson C. P. The cardiovascular effects of ricin in rabbits. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1994; 74: 148–152, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Doebler J. S.A., Wiltshire J. A., Mayer T. W., Estep J. E., Moeller R. B., Traub R. K., Broomfeld C. A., Calmaio C. A., Thompson W. L., Pitt M. L. The distribution of [I125] ricin in mice following aerosol inhalation exposure. Toxicology 1995; 98: 137–149, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning2nd ed., M. J. Ellenhorn, S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Williams and Wilkins, New York 1997
- Fenandez‐Puentes C., Carrasco L., Vazquez D. Site of action of ricin on the ribosome. Biochemistry 1976; 15: 4364–4369
- Fitzgerald D. Why toxins!. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1996; 7: 87–95, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Fodstad O., Olses S., Pihl A. Toxicity, distribution and elimination of the cancerostatic lectins abrin and ricin after parenteral injection into mice. Br. J. Cancer 1976; 34: 418–425, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Fodstad O., Johanssen J. V., Schjeven L., Pihl A. Toxicity of abrin and ricin in mice and dogs. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1979; 5: 1073–1084, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Greenfield R. A., Brown B. R., Hutchins J. B., Ianndolo J. J., Jackson R., Slater L. N., Bronze M. S. Microbiological, biological, and chemical weapons of warfare and terrorism. Am. J. Med. Sci. 2002; 323: 326–340, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Griffiths G. D., Rice P., Allenby A. C., Upshall D. G. Inhalation toxicology and histopathology of ricin and abrin toxins. Inhal. Toxicol. 1995; 7: 269–288
- Ishiguro M., Tomi M., Funatsu G., Zhang L. Isolation and chemical properties of a ricin variant from castor bean. Toxicon 1976; 14: 157–165, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Lord J. M., Hartley M. R., Roberts L. M. Ribosome inactivating proteins of plants. Sem. Cell Biol. 1991; 2: 15–22
- Lord J. M., Roberts L. M., Robertus J. D. Ricin: structure, mode of action, and some current applications. FASEB 1994; 8: 201–208, [CSA]
- Madsen J. M. Toxins as weapons of mass destruction: a comparison and contrast with biological warfare and chemical warfare agents. Clin. Lab. Med. 2001; 21: 593–605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- McGovern T. W., Christopher G. W., Eitzen E. M. Cutaneous manifestations of biological warfare and related threat agents. Arch. Dermatol. 1999; 135: 311–322, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Noeller T. P. Biological and chemical terrorism: recognition and management. Clevel. Clin. J. Med. 2001; 68, pp. 1001–1002, 1004–1009, 1013–1016
- Olsnes S., Kozlov J. V. Ricin. Toxicon 2001; 39: 1723–1728, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Olsnes S., Pihl A. Different biological properties of the two constituent peptide chains of ricin, a toxic protein inhibiting protein synthesis. Biochemistry 1973; 12: 3121–3126, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Rauber A., Heard J. Castor bean toxicity re‐examined: a new perspective. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1985; 27: 498–502, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Robertus J. The structure and function of ricin, a cytotoxic N‐glycosidase. Sem. Cell Biol. 1991; 2: 23–30, [CSA]
- Rosenbloom M., Leikin J. B., Vogel S. N., Chaudry Z. A. Biological and chemical warfare agents: a brief synopsis. Am. J. Ther. 2002; 9: 5–14, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Sandvig K., van Deurs B. Endocytosis, intracellular transport, and cytotoxic action of Shiga toxin and ricin. Physiol. Rev. 1996; 76: 949–966, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sandvig K., van Deurs B. Endocytosis and intracellular transport of ricin: recent discoveries. FEBS Lett. 1999; 452: 67–70, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Sandvig K., Grimmer S., Iversen T. G., Rodal K., Torgersen M. L., Nicoziani P., van Deurs B. Ricin transport into cells: studies of endocytosis and intracellular transport. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2000; 290: 415–420, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Scarpa A., Geurci A. Various uses of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L): a review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1982; 5: 117–137, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Stillmark R. Ueber ricen. Arb. Pharmakol. Inst. Dorpat 1889; iii, Cited in: Flexner, J. (1897). The histological changes produced by ricin and abrin intoxications. J. Exp. Med. 2:197–216
- Stirpe F., Barbieri L. Ribosome‐inactivating proteins up to date. FEBS Lett. 1986; 195: 1–8, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Toxic Terror: Assessing the Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons, J. B. Tucker. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 2000
- Wesche J. Retrograde transport of ricin. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2002; 291: 517–521, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Encyclopedia of Toxicology, P. Wexler, S. C. Gad. Academic Press, New York 1998